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Coordinates: 39°11′4″N 76°49′41″W / 39.18444°N 76.82806°W / 39.18444; -76.82806
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{{short description|Historic church in Maryland, United States}}
{{Infobox_nrhp | name =Christ Church Guilford

⚫
| nrhp_type =
{{Infobox NRHP
⚫
| image = Christ Church Guilford Sept 09.JPG
| caption = Christ Church Guilford, September 2009
| name = Christ Church Guilford
⚫
| nrhp_type =
| nearest_city= [[Guilford, Maryland]]
⚫
| image = Christ Church Guilford Sept 09.JPG
| lat_degrees = 39
| caption = Christ Church Guilford, September 2009
| lat_minutes = 11
| location = North of Guilford at 6800 Oakland Mills Rd., [[Guilford, Maryland]]
| lat_seconds = 4
| coordinates = {{coord|39|11|4|N|76|49|41|W|display=inline,title}}
| lat_direction = N
⚫
| locmapin = Maryland#USA
| long_degrees = 76
⚫
| built = 1809
| long_minutes = 49
⚫
| architecture = Georgian
| long_seconds = 41
⚫
| added = January 30, 1978
| long_direction = W
| area = {{convert|2|acre}}
⚫
| locmapin = Maryland
⚫
| refnum = 78001469<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
| area =
⚫
| built =1809
| architect= Unknown
⚫
| architecture= Georgian
⚫
| added = January 30, 1978
| governing_body = Private
| refnum=78001469
⚫
<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
}}
}}
⚫
The '''Christ Church Guilford''', historically known as the "Old Brick Church," is an historic [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal church]] located about one mile from [[Guilford, Maryland|Guilford]], now part of [[Columbia, Maryland|Columbia]], in [[Howard County, Maryland]]. The small [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] church was completed in 1809.<ref name=mht/> It was constructed of handmade brick laid in English garden wall brick bond with unmarked joints.


The oldest artifact used by the church is a bible published in 1701 provided by [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]].<ref name="Charles Francis Stein, Jr">{{cite book |last1=Stein |first1=Charles Francis |title=Origin and History of Howard County Maryland |date=1972 |publisher=Charles Francis Stein, Jr. |page=245 |edition=First |language=English}}</ref> The original church was established in 1727 as Queen Caroline Parish Church. [[Trinity Church (Elkridge, Maryland)]], grew out of Christ Church.<ref name=mht>{{cite web|url={{MHT url|id=459}} |title=Maryland Historical Trust|date=2008-11-21|work= Christ Church Guilford, Howard County|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}</ref> The structure replaced a ca1711 log frame building and is the second church building to be built on the {{convert|2|acre|adj=on}} plot deeded to the parish in 1738 by [[Caleb Dorsey]].<ref name=cec>{{cite web|title=Old Brick|url=http://www.christchurchcolumbia.org/about/old-brick/|publisher=Christ Episcopal Church|accessdate=6 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808092907/http://www.christchurchcolumbia.org/about/old-brick/|archive-date=8 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is the oldest church building still in use in Howard County.<ref name=cec/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Traveling Back in time|author=Ruth Besse|date=17 May 1985}}</ref>
⚫
The '''Christ Church Guilford''', also known as "Old Brick," is an historic [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal church]] located at [[Guilford, Maryland|Guilford]], now part of [[Columbia, Maryland|Columbia]], in [[Howard County, Maryland]]. It is a [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style church completed in 1809, and constructed of handmade brick laid in common bond with unmarked joints. It served as the parish church of '''Queen Caroline Parish''' which had been established in 1728. [[Trinity Church (Elkridge, Maryland)]] was established from Christ Church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?HDID=459&COUNTY=Howard&FROM=NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY=Howard |title=Maryland Historical Trust|date=2008-11-21|work= Christ Church Guilford, Howard County|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}</ref>.


== Architecture ==
⚫
It was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1978.<ref name="nris"/>


The brick church has a steep gabled roof and is laid in English garden wall brick bond. The structure, two bays wide and three bays deep, faces east with twin entrance doors in the north and south bays. Each bay is rectangular, surmounted by a Federal-style transom and reached by two stone steps. The [[nave]] windows are rectangular, holding twelve-over-twelve lites and, decorated with splayed brick flat arched lintels. The interior contains a gallery which extends around three sides of the church.<ref name=msa>{{cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places—Application|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/015000/015600/015608/pdf/msa_se5_15608.pdf|publisher=United States Department of the Interior|accessdate=6 February 2012|date=December 1, 1976}}</ref>
⚫
==See also==

== History ==
The Christ Church was funded by a parishioner poll tax on tobacco at [[Elkridge Landing]], paying church and sheriff expenses. During the early 1800s the Episcopal Church in Maryland grew very slowly.<ref name=mht/> The American [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]] created tremendous conflicts within the Episcopal Church in the colonies. The clergy, who had been ordained in England, had taken an oath of allegiance to the king. This conflicted with their Oath of Fidelity required by the local assembly. Some clergy returned to England and others simply stopped preaching.<ref>{{cite web|title=A history of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington|url=http://www.edow.org/about/the-diocese/about-the-diocese/history|work=History of the Diocese|publisher=Episcopal Diocese of Washington|accessdate=26 December 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204174152/http://www.edow.org/about/the-diocese/about-the-diocese/history|archivedate=4 February 2012}}</ref> After the end of the [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]] the [[Church of England]], the Episcopal Church's parent church, was disestablished as the state religion.<ref name=cec/> Having lost its official government support, the church was low on funds, and few new churches were built.

In 1789, Anglican congregations in nine states adopted [[Episcopal Church (United States)|The Protestant Episcopal Church]] as their name and was formally separated from the [[Church of England]]. The American Episcopal church was incorporated as “the first Anglican Province outside the British Isles.” Churches that were built during the period of time after the founding of the American church were usually of an economical design. In 1809, the Christ Church was one of the first Episcopal churches constructed in the state after the Revolution.<ref>{{cite book |title= Howard's Roads to the Past |publisher= Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001 |year=2001 |page=82}}</ref> Judge Henry Ridgely oversaw the construction of the brick structure.<ref name="Charles Francis Stein, Jr"/> The only architecturally sophisticated feature is the three-part window over the entrances. In the interior, the paneled gallery is a simple and direct interpretation of much larger churches built during the 18th century in major Episcopal cities like Philadelphia and London.<ref name=mht/>

== Pastors ==

The Reverend James MacGill was chosen in 1728 as Christ Church's first full-time [[rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]]. MacGill was a native of Perth, Scotland who served in the church for 50 years.,<ref name=mht/> living in nearby [[Athol Manor]]. The Rev [[Thomas John Claggett]] was rector from 1781-1782; he became the first Bishop of Maryland in 1792, and was the first Episcopal bishop consecrated in America. In 1806 Rev Oliver Norris was appointed director. In 1830 Rev Billop was appointed rector.<ref>{{cite journal|magazine=The Christian Journal, and Literary Register|date=1 January 1830|title=Convention of Maryland|page=3}}</ref>

== Historical significance ==

⚫
The structure was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1978.<ref name="nris"/>

⚫
== See also ==
* [[List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust]]
* [[List of post 1692 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland]]
* [[List of post 1692 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland]]
* [[Oak Hall (Columbia, Maryland)]]

⚫
== Gallery ==


⚫
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Christ Church Guilford Interior Sept 09.JPG|Christ Church Guilford Interior, September 2009
Image:Christ Church Guilford Interior Sept 09.JPG|Christ Church Guilford Interior, September 2009
Image:Christ Church Guilford Marker Sept 09.JPG|Christ Church Guilford Historic Marker, September 2009
Image:Christ Church Guilford Marker Sept 09.JPG|Christ Church Guilford Historic Marker, September 2009
File:Christ Church Guilford.jpg| February 2015
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


''This article incorporates public domain text from the United States government.''
⚫
==External links==

*[http://www.mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?HDID=459&COUNTY=Howard&FROM=NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY=Howard Christ Church Guilford, Howard County], including photo from 1976, at Maryland Historical Trust
⚫
== External links ==
*[http://christchurchcolumbia.org/ Christ Episcopal Church, Columbia, MD website]
* [http://christchurchcolumbia.org/ Christ Episcopal Church, Columbia, MD website]
* [http://www.ang-md.org/ Episcopal Diocese of Maryland website]


{{National Register of Historic Places in Maryland}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in Maryland}}


[[Category:Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland]]
[[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland]]
[[Category:Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland]]
[[Category:Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1809]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1809]]
[[Category:Church buildings established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:19th-century Episcopal church buildings]]
[[Category:Episcopal churches in Maryland]]
[[Category:Episcopal church buildings in Maryland]]
[[Category:Howard County, Maryland landmarks]]
[[Category:Howard County, Maryland landmarks]]
[[Category:Churches in Howard County, Maryland]]
[[Category:Churches in Howard County, Maryland]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Howard County, Maryland]]


{{Maryland-NRHP-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:50, 8 January 2023

Christ Church Guilford
Christ Church Guilford, September 2009
Christ Church Guilford is located in Maryland
Christ Church Guilford
Christ Church Guilford is located in the United States
Christ Church Guilford
StandortNorth of Guilford at 6800 Oakland Mills Rd., Guilford, Maryland
Coordinates39°11′4″N 76°49′41″W / 39.18444°N 76.82806°W / 39.18444; -76.82806
Area2 acres (0.81 ha)
Built1809
Architectural styleGeorgian
NRHP reference No.78001469[1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 30, 1978

The Christ Church Guilford, historically known as the "Old Brick Church," is an historic Episcopal church located about one mile from Guilford, now part of Columbia, in Howard County, Maryland. The small Georgian church was completed in 1809.[2] It was constructed of handmade brick laid in English garden wall brick bond with unmarked joints.

The oldest artifact used by the church is a bible published in 1701 provided by Queen Anne.[3] The original church was established in 1727 as Queen Caroline Parish Church. Trinity Church (Elkridge, Maryland), grew out of Christ Church.[2] The structure replaced a ca1711 log frame building and is the second church building to be built on the 2-acre (0.81 ha) plot deeded to the parish in 1738 by Caleb Dorsey.[4] It is the oldest church building still in use in Howard County.[4][5]

Architecture

[edit]

The brick church has a steep gabled roof and is laid in English garden wall brick bond. The structure, two bays wide and three bays deep, faces east with twin entrance doors in the north and south bays. Each bay is rectangular, surmounted by a Federal-style transom and reached by two stone steps. The nave windows are rectangular, holding twelve-over-twelve lites and, decorated with splayed brick flat arched lintels. The interior contains a gallery which extends around three sides of the church.[6]

History

[edit]

The Christ Church was funded by a parishioner poll tax on tobacco at Elkridge Landing, paying church and sheriff expenses. During the early 1800s the Episcopal Church in Maryland grew very slowly.[2] The American Revolutionary War created tremendous conflicts within the Episcopal Church in the colonies. The clergy, who had been ordained in England, had taken an oath of allegiance to the king. This conflicted with their Oath of Fidelity required by the local assembly. Some clergy returned to England and others simply stopped preaching.[7] After the end of the Revolutionary War the Church of England, the Episcopal Church's parent church, was disestablished as the state religion.[4] Having lost its official government support, the church was low on funds, and few new churches were built.

In 1789, Anglican congregations in nine states adopted The Protestant Episcopal Church as their name and was formally separated from the Church of England. The American Episcopal church was incorporated as “the first Anglican Province outside the British Isles.” Churches that were built during the period of time after the founding of the American church were usually of an economical design. In 1809, the Christ Church was one of the first Episcopal churches constructed in the state after the Revolution.[8] Judge Henry Ridgely oversaw the construction of the brick structure.[3] The only architecturally sophisticated feature is the three-part window over the entrances. In the interior, the paneled gallery is a simple and direct interpretation of much larger churches built during the 18th century in major Episcopal cities like Philadelphia and London.[2]

Pastors

[edit]

The Reverend James MacGill was chosen in 1728 as Christ Church's first full-time rector. MacGill was a native of Perth, Scotland who served in the church for 50 years.,[2] living in nearby Athol Manor. The Rev Thomas John Claggett was rector from 1781-1782; he became the first Bishop of Maryland in 1792, and was the first Episcopal bishop consecrated in America. In 1806 Rev Oliver Norris was appointed director. In 1830 Rev Billop was appointed rector.[9]

Historical significance

[edit]

The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[1]

See also

[edit]
[edit]
  • Christ Church Guilford Interior, September 2009
    Christ Church Guilford Interior, September 2009
  • Christ Church Guilford Historic Marker, September 2009
    Christ Church Guilford Historic Marker, September 2009
  • February 2015
    February 2015

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Maryland Historical Trust". Christ Church Guilford, Howard County. Maryland Historical Trust. 2008-11-21.
  3. ^ a b Stein, Charles Francis (1972). Origin and History of Howard County Maryland (First ed.). Charles Francis Stein, Jr. p. 245.
  4. ^ a b c "Old Brick". Christ Episcopal Church. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  5. ^ Ruth Besse (17 May 1985). "Traveling Back in time". The Washington Post.
  6. ^ "National Register of Historic Places—Application" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior. December 1, 1976. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  7. ^ "A history of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington". History of the Diocese. Episcopal Diocese of Washington. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  8. ^ Howard's Roads to the Past. Howard County Sesquicentennial Celebration Committee, 2001. 2001. p. 82.
  9. ^ "Convention of Maryland". The Christian Journal, and Literary Register: 3. 1 January 1830.

This article incorporates public domain text from the United States government.

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christ_Church_Guilford&oldid=1132338468"