List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 175: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|None}} |
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{{Use American English|date=January 2022}} |
{{Use American English|date=January 2022}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}} |
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| image = Seal of the United States Supreme Court.svg |
| image = Seal of the United States Supreme Court.svg |
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| imagesize = 180 |
| imagesize = 180 |
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⚫ | |||
| established = {{start date and age|1789|3|4}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lawson|first1=Gary|last2=Seidman|first2=Guy|title=When Did the Constitution Become Law?|journal=Notre Dame Law Review|volume=77|pages=1–37|year=2001|url=http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol77/iss1/1/}}</ref> |
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| location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |
| location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|38|53|26|N|77|00|16|W|type:landmark_region:US-DC|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{Coord|38|53|26|N|77|00|16|W|type:landmark_region:US-DC|display=inline,title}} |
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| type = Presidential nomination with Senate [[advice and consent|confirmation]] |
| type = Presidential nomination with Senate [[advice and consent|confirmation]] |
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| authority = [[Constitution of the United States]], Art. III, §{{nbsp}}1 |
| authority = [[Constitution of the United States]], Art. III, §{{nbsp}}1 |
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| terms = life tenure, subject to [[ |
| terms = life tenure, subject to [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeachment]] and removal |
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| positions = 9 (by statute) |
| positions = 9 (by statute) |
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| website = {{URL|supremecourt.gov}} |
| website = {{URL|supremecourt.gov}} |
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| chiefjudgetitle = [[Chief Justice of the United States]] |
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| chiefjudgename = [[John Roberts]] |
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⚫ | |||
}} |
}} |
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{{SCOTUS series}} |
{{SCOTUS series}} |
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{{United States constitutional law}} |
{{United States constitutional law}} |
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This is a '''list of |
This is a '''list of cases reported in volume 175 of ''[[United States Reports]]''''', decided by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in 1899 and 1900. |
||
== Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 175 U.S. == |
== Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 175 U.S. == |
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{{see also|List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States}} |
|||
{{see also|List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office}} |
{{see also|List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office}} |
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{{see also|List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition}} |
{{see also|List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition}} |
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⚫ | |||
The Supreme Court is established by [[Article Three of the United States Constitution|Article III, Section 1]] of the [[Constitution of the United States]], which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] to set the number of justices. Under the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/supreme_court|title=Supreme Court Research Guide |access-date=7 April 2021 |publisher=Georgetown Law Library}}</ref> Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to [[Seventh Circuit Act of 1807|seven]], [[Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837|nine]], [[Tenth Circuit Act of 1863|ten]], and back to [[Judiciary Act of 1869|nine]] justices (always including one chief justice). |
The Supreme Court is established by [[Article Three of the United States Constitution|Article III, Section 1]] of the [[Constitution of the United States]], which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] to set the number of justices. Under the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/supreme_court|title=Supreme Court Research Guide |access-date=7 April 2021 |publisher=Georgetown Law Library}}</ref> Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to [[Seventh Circuit Act of 1807|seven]], [[Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837|nine]], [[Tenth Circuit Act of 1863|ten]], and back to [[Judiciary Act of 1869|nine]] justices (always including one chief justice). |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Portrait |
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! Portrait !! Justice !! Office !! Home State !! Succeeded !! Date confirmed by the Senate<br />(Vote) !! Tenure on Supreme Court |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Justice |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Office |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Home State |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Succeeded |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Date confirmed by the Senate<br />(Vote) |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Tenure on Supreme Court |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:Melville Weston Fuller Chief Justice 1908.jpg| |
| [[File:Melville Weston Fuller Chief Justice 1908.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[Melville Fuller]] |
| [[Melville Fuller]] |
||
| [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Chief Justice]] |
| [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Chief Justice]] |
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Line 42: | Line 48: | ||
| {{dts|October 8, 1888}}<br />–<br />July 4, 1910<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
| {{dts|October 8, 1888}}<br />–<br />July 4, 1910<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:JudgeJMHarlan.jpg| |
| [[File:JudgeJMHarlan.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[John Marshall Harlan]] |
| [[John Marshall Harlan]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
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Line 50: | Line 56: | ||
| {{dts|December 10, 1877}}<br />–<br />October 14, 1911<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
| {{dts|December 10, 1877}}<br />–<br />October 14, 1911<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:Horacegrayphoto.jpg| |
| [[File:Horacegrayphoto.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[Horace Gray]] |
| [[Horace Gray]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
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Line 58: | Line 64: | ||
| {{dts|January 9, 1882}}<br />–<br />September 15, 1902<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
| {{dts|January 9, 1882}}<br />–<br />September 15, 1902<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:DavidBrewer.jpg| |
| [[File:DavidBrewer.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[David Josiah Brewer]] |
| [[David Josiah Brewer]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
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Line 66: | Line 72: | ||
| {{dts|January 6, 1890}}<br />–<br />March 28, 1910<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
| {{dts|January 6, 1890}}<br />–<br />March 28, 1910<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:Portrait of Henry Billings Brown.jpg| |
| [[File:Portrait of Henry Billings Brown.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[Henry Billings Brown]] |
| [[Henry Billings Brown]] |
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| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
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| {{dts|January 5, 1891}}<br />–<br />May 28, 1906<br /><small>(Retired)</small> |
| {{dts|January 5, 1891}}<br />–<br />May 28, 1906<br /><small>(Retired)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:George Shiras Jr.jpg| |
| [[File:George Shiras Jr.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[George Shiras Jr.]] |
| [[George Shiras Jr.]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
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Line 82: | Line 88: | ||
| {{dts|October 10, 1892}}<br />–<br />February 23, 1903<br /><small>(Retired)</small> |
| {{dts|October 10, 1892}}<br />–<br />February 23, 1903<br /><small>(Retired)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:Edward White, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left, 1905.jpg| |
| [[File:Edward White, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left, 1905.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[Edward Douglass White]] |
| [[Edward Douglass White]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
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Line 88: | Line 94: | ||
| [[Samuel Blatchford]] |
| [[Samuel Blatchford]] |
||
| {{dts|February 19, 1894}}<br />(Acclamation) |
| {{dts|February 19, 1894}}<br />(Acclamation) |
||
| {{dts|March 12, 1894}}<br />–<br />December 18, 1910<br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Continued as chief justice)</small> |
| {{dts|March 12, 1894}}<br />–<br />December 18, 1910<br /><small><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">(Continued as chief justice)</span></small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:Rufus Wheeler Peckham cph.3b30513.jpg| |
| [[File:Rufus Wheeler Peckham cph.3b30513.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[Rufus W. Peckham]] |
| [[Rufus W. Peckham]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
||
Line 98: | Line 104: | ||
| {{dts|January 6, 1896}}<br />–<br />October 24, 1909<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
| {{dts|January 6, 1896}}<br />–<br />October 24, 1909<br /><small>(Died)</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:Justice McKenna.jpg|alt=| |
|[[File:Justice McKenna.jpg|alt=|75px]] |
||
| [[Joseph McKenna]] |
| [[Joseph McKenna]] |
||
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
| [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] |
||
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** ''e.g.,''"M.D. Ala." = [[United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama]] |
** ''e.g.,''"M.D. Ala." = [[United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama]] |
||
* "Ct. Cl." = [[United States Court of Claims]] |
* "Ct. Cl." = [[United States Court of Claims]] |
||
* "Ct. Com. Pl." = [[Court of Common Pleas]] (a state court) |
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* The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time. |
* The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time. |
||
** ''e.g.,''"Pa." = [[Supreme Court of Pennsylvania]] |
** ''e.g.,''"Pa." = [[Supreme Court of Pennsylvania]] |
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== List of cases in volume 175 U.S. == |
== List of cases in volume 175 U.S. == |
||
⚫ | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="col" style="width: 450px;" | Case Name |
! scope="col" style="width: 450px;" | Case Name |
||
! scope="col" style="width: |
! scope="col" style="width: 95px;" | Page and year |
||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Opinion of the Court |
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Opinion of the Court |
||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Concurring opinion(s) |
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Concurring opinion(s) |
||
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Dissenting opinion(s) |
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Dissenting opinion(s) |
||
! scope="col" style="width: |
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Lower Court |
||
! scope="col" style="width: |
! scope="col" style="width: 190px;" | Disposition of case |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Jones v. Meehan'' |
| ''Jones v. Meehan'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95101/jones-v-meehan |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95101/jones-v-meehan 1 (1899)] |
||
| Gray |
| Gray |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 153: | Line 161: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Scudder v. Comptroller'' |
| ''Scudder v. Comptroller'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95102/scudder-v-comptroller-of-ny |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95102/scudder-v-comptroller-of-ny 32 (1899)] |
||
| Gray |
| Gray |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[New York Surrogate's Court|N.Y. |
| [[New York Surrogate's Court|N.Y. County Sur. Ct.]] |
||
| dismissed |
| dismissed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Anglo-Californian Bank v. United States'' |
| ''Anglo-Californian Bank v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95103/anglo-californian-bank-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95103/anglo-californian-bank-v-united-states 37 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 168: | Line 176: | ||
| dismissed |
| dismissed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''De la Vergne Refrigerating |
| ''De la Vergne Refrigerating Machine Company v. German Savings Institution'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95104/de-la-vergne-co-v-german-savings-inst |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95104/de-la-vergne-co-v-german-savings-inst 40 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 177: | Line 185: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''United States v. Conway'' |
| ''United States v. Conway'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95105/united-states-v-conway |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95105/united-states-v-conway 60 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 184: | Line 192: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Real de Dolores |
| ''Real de Dolores v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95106/real-de-dolores-del-oro-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95106/real-de-dolores-del-oro-v-united-states 71 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 192: | Line 200: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Ainsa v. New Mexico |
| ''Ainsa v. New Mexico and Arizona Railroad Company'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95107/ainsa-v-new-mexico-arizona-r-co |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95107/ainsa-v-new-mexico-arizona-r-co 76 (1899)] |
||
| Gray |
| Gray |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 200: | Line 208: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[The Hartford|Hartford Fire |
| ''[[The Hartford|Hartford Fire Insurance Company]] v. [[Milwaukee Road|Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Company]]'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95108/hartford-ins-co-v-chicago-c-railway |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95108/hartford-ins-co-v-chicago-c-railway 91 (1899)] |
||
| Gray |
| Gray |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 208: | Line 216: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Bienville Water Supply |
| ''Bienville Water Supply Company v. [[Mobile, Alabama|City of Mobile]]'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95109/bienville-water-supply-co-v-mobile |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95109/bienville-water-supply-co-v-mobile 109 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 217: | Line 225: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''In re Blake'' |
| ''In re Blake'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95110/in-re-blake-and-others-ex-parte |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95110/in-re-blake-and-others-ex-parte 114 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 225: | Line 233: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[New Orleans, Louisiana|City of New Orleans]] v. Warner'' |
| ''[[New Orleans, Louisiana|City of New Orleans]] v. Warner'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95111/new-orleans-v-warner |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95111/new-orleans-v-warner 120 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit|5th Cir.]] |
| [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit|5th Cir.]] |
||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Brady v. Daly'' |
| ''Brady v. Daly'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95112/brady-v-daly |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95112/brady-v-daly 148 (1899)] |
||
| Peckham |
| Peckham |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 241: | Line 249: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Simms v. Simms'' |
| ''Simms v. Simms'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95113/simms-v-simms |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95113/simms-v-simms 162 (1899)] |
||
| Gray |
| Gray |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[Arizona Supreme Court|Sup. Ct. Terr. Ariz.]] |
| [[Arizona Supreme Court|Sup. Ct. Terr. Ariz.]] |
||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Brown v. [[New Jersey]]'' |
| ''Brown v. [[New Jersey]]'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95114/brown-v-new-jersey |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95114/brown-v-new-jersey 172 (1899)] |
||
| Brewer |
| Brewer |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[Oyer and terminer|N.J. |
| [[Oyer and terminer|N.J.O. and T.]] |
||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Coudert v. United States'' |
| ''Coudert v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95115/coudert-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95115/coudert-v-united-states 178 (1899)] |
||
| McKenna |
| McKenna |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 265: | Line 273: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Markuson v. Boucher'' |
| ''Markuson v. Boucher'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95116/markuson-v-boucher |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95116/markuson-v-boucher 184 (1899)] |
||
| McKenna |
| McKenna |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 273: | Line 281: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''The New York'' |
| ''The New York'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95117/the-new-york |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95117/the-new-york 187 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 280: | Line 288: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Addyston Pipe |
| ''Addyston Pipe and Steel Company v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95118/addyston-pipe-steel-co-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95118/addyston-pipe-steel-co-v-united-states 211 (1899)] |
||
| Peckham |
| Peckham |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 289: | Line 297: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Hays v. United States'' |
| ''Hays v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95119/hays-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95119/hays-v-united-states 248 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 296: | Line 304: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Bolles v. Outing |
| ''Bolles v. Outing Company'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95120/bolles-v-outing-co |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95120/bolles-v-outing-co 262 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 304: | Line 312: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Arkansas |
| ''Arkansas Building and Loan Association v. Madden'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95121/arkansas-building-and-loan-assn-v-madden |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95121/arkansas-building-and-loan-assn-v-madden 269 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[United States Circuit Court|C.C.W.D. Tex.]] |
| [[United States Circuit Court|C.C.W.D. Tex.]] |
||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Seeberger v. McCormick'' |
| ''Seeberger v. McCormick'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95122/seeberger-v-mccormick |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95122/seeberger-v-mccormick 274 (1899)] |
||
| Shiras |
| Shiras |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[Illinois Supreme Court|Ill.]] |
| [[Illinois Supreme Court|Ill.]] |
||
| dismissed |
| dismissed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Malony v. Adsit'' |
| ''Malony v. Adsit'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95123/malony-v-adsit |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95123/malony-v-adsit 281 (1899)] |
||
| Shiras |
| Shiras |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 329: | Line 337: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Bradfield v. Roberts'' |
| ''Bradfield v. Roberts'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95124/bradfield-v-roberts |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95124/bradfield-v-roberts 291 (1899)] |
||
| Peckham |
| Peckham |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 336: | Line 344: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Niles v. Cedar Point Club'' |
| ''Niles v. [[Cedar Point]] Club'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95125/niles-v-cedar-point-club |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95125/niles-v-cedar-point-club 300 (1899)] |
||
| Brewer |
| Brewer |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 345: | Line 353: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[New Orleans, Louisiana|City of New Orleans]] v. Stemple'' |
| ''[[New Orleans, Louisiana|City of New Orleans]] v. Stemple'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95126/new-orleans-v-stempel |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95126/new-orleans-v-stempel 309 (1899)] |
||
| Brewer |
| Brewer |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 352: | Line 360: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[New York and New England Railroad |
| ''[[New York and New England Railroad]] Company v. Conroy'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95127/new-england-r-co-v-conroy |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95127/new-england-r-co-v-conroy 323 (1899)] |
||
| Shiras |
| Shiras |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| Harlan |
| Harlan |
||
| [[United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit|1st Cir.]] |
| [[United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit|1st Cir.]] |
||
| certification |
|||
| [[remand (court procedure)|remanded to divided lower court]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Tullis v. [[Lake Erie and Western Railroad |
| ''Tullis v. [[Lake Erie and Western Railroad]] Company'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95128/tullis-v-lake-erie-western-r-co |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95128/tullis-v-lake-erie-western-r-co 348 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit|7th Cir.]] |
| [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit|7th Cir.]] |
||
| certification |
|||
| [[remand (court procedure)|remanded to divided lower court]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''The Pedro'' |
| ''The Pedro'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95129/the-pedro |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95129/the-pedro 354 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 377: | Line 385: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''The Guido'' |
| ''The Guido'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95130/the-guido |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95130/the-guido 382 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 384: | Line 392: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''The |
| ''The Steamship Buena Ventura'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95131/the-buena-ventura |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95131/the-buena-ventura 384 (1899)] |
||
| Peckham |
| Peckham |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 393: | Line 401: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''King v. Cross'' |
| ''King v. Cross'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95132/king-v-cross |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95132/king-v-cross 396 (1899)] |
||
| White |
| White |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 400: | Line 408: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Abbott v. Tacoma Bank |
| ''Abbott v. Tacoma Bank'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95133/abbott-v-tacoma-bank-of-commerce |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95133/abbott-v-tacoma-bank-of-commerce 409 (1899)] |
||
| Harlan |
| Harlan |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 409: | Line 417: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Hamilton v. Rathbone'' |
| ''Hamilton v. Rathbone'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95134/hamilton-v-rathbone |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95134/hamilton-v-rathbone 414 (1899)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 416: | Line 424: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''La Abra Silver Mining |
| ''La Abra Silver Mining Company v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95135/la-abra-silver-mining-co-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95135/la-abra-silver-mining-co-v-united-states 423 (1899)] |
||
| Harlan |
| Harlan |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 425: | Line 433: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''United States v. Pena'' |
| ''United States v. Pena'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95136/united-states-v-pena |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95136/united-states-v-pena 500 (1899)] |
||
| Brewer |
| Brewer |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 433: | Line 441: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''United States v. Chavez'' |
| ''United States v. Chavez'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95137/united-states-v-chavez |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95137/united-states-v-chavez 509 (1899)] |
||
| McKenna |
| McKenna |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 440: | Line 448: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Bardes v. Hawarden First |
| ''Bardes v. Hawarden First National Bank'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95138/bardes-v-hawarden-first-nat-bank |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95138/bardes-v-hawarden-first-nat-bank 526 (1899)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 448: | Line 456: | ||
| dismissed |
| dismissed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Cumming v. [[Richmond County, Georgia|Richmond |
| ''Cumming v. [[Richmond County, Georgia|Richmond County]]'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95139/cumming-v-richmond-county-bd-of-ed |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95139/cumming-v-richmond-county-bd-of-ed 528 (1899)] |
||
| Harlan |
| Harlan |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 457: | Line 465: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Peabody v. United States'' |
| ''Peabody v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95140/peabody-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95140/peabody-v-united-states 546 (1899)] |
||
| Peckham |
| Peckham |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 465: | Line 473: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Chavez v. United States'' |
| ''Chavez v. United States'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95141/j-francisco-chavez-appt-v-united-states |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95141/j-francisco-chavez-appt-v-united-states 552 (1900)] |
||
| Peckham |
| Peckham |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 472: | Line 480: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Northern Pacific Railroad |
| ''[[Northern Pacific Railroad]] Company v. Amacker'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95142/northern-pacific-r-co-v-amacker |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95142/northern-pacific-r-co-v-amacker 564 (1900)] |
||
| Brewer |
| Brewer |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 480: | Line 488: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Blackburn v. Portland Gold Mining |
| ''Blackburn v. Portland Gold Mining Company'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95143/blackburn-v-portland-gold-mining-co |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95143/blackburn-v-portland-gold-mining-co 571 (1900)] |
||
| Shiras |
| Shiras |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 489: | Line 497: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''United States v. Gleason '' |
| ''United States v. Gleason '' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95144/united-states-v-gleason |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95144/united-states-v-gleason 588 (1900)] |
||
| Shiras |
| Shiras |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 496: | Line 504: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Canada Sugar |
| ''Canada Sugar Refining Company v. Insurance Company of North America'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95145/canada-sugar-refining-co-v-insurance-co-of-north-america |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95145/canada-sugar-refining-co-v-insurance-co-of-north-america 609 (1900)] |
||
| Shiras |
| Shiras |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 504: | Line 512: | ||
| reversed |
| reversed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Keokuk |
| ''Keokuk and Hamilton Bridge Company v. [[Illinois]]'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95146/keokuk-hamilton-bridge-co-v-illinois |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95146/keokuk-hamilton-bridge-co-v-illinois 626 (1900)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 513: | Line 521: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Whitcomb v. Smithson'' |
| ''Whitcomb v. Smithson'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95147/whitcomb-v-smithson |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95147/whitcomb-v-smithson 635 (1900)] |
||
| Fuller |
| Fuller |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 520: | Line 528: | ||
| affirmed |
| affirmed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''Telluride Power Transmission |
| ''Telluride Power Transmission Company v. Rio Grande Western Railway Company'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95148/telluride-power-co-v-rio-grande-c-ry |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95148/telluride-power-co-v-rio-grande-c-ry 639 (1900)] |
||
| Brown |
| Brown |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| none |
| none |
||
| [[Utah Supreme Court|Utah]] |
| [[Utah Supreme Court|Utah]] |
||
| dismissed |
| dismissed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Louisville |
| ''[[Louisville and Nashville Railroad|Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company]] v. Behlmer'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95149/louisville-nashville-r-co-v-behlmer |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95149/louisville-nashville-r-co-v-behlmer 648 (1900)] |
||
| White |
| White |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 537: | Line 545: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''The Paquete Habana'' |
| ''The Paquete Habana'' |
||
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95150/the-paquete-habana |
| align="right"|[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/95150/the-paquete-habana 677 (1899)] |
||
| Gray |
| Gray |
||
| none |
| none |
||
Line 569: | Line 577: | ||
{{SCOTUSCases|175}} |
{{SCOTUSCases|175}} |
||
{{SCOTUScaselists}} |
{{SCOTUScaselists}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Supreme Court cases by volume}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Supreme Court cases by volume}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:1899 in United States case law| ]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:1900 in United States case law| ]] |
||
[[Category: 1900 in United States case law| ]] |
Latest revision as of 23:54, 9 March 2023
Supreme Court of the United States | |
---|---|
![]() | |
![]() | |
38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W | |
Established | March 4, 1789 |
Location | Washington, D.C. |
Coordinates | 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W |
Composition method | Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation |
Authorized by | Constitution of the United States, Art. III, § 1 |
Judge term length | life tenure, subject to impeachment and removal |
Number of positions | 9 (by statute) |
Website | supremecourt |
This article is part of a series on the |
Supreme Court of the United States |
---|
![]() |
The Court |
Current membership |
|
Lists of justices |
|
Court functionaries |
This is a list of cases reported in volume 175 of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1899 and 1900.
Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 175 U.S.
[edit]The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).[1] Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).
When the cases in volume 175 were decided the Court comprised the following nine members:
Portrait | Justice | Office | Home State | Succeeded | Date confirmed by the Senate (Vote) |
Tenure on Supreme Court |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Melville Fuller | Chief Justice | Illinois | Morrison Waite | July 20, 1888 (41–20) |
October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910 (Died) |
![]() |
John Marshall Harlan | Associate Justice | Kentucky | David Davis | November 29, 1877 (Acclamation) |
December 10, 1877 – October 14, 1911 (Died) |
![]() |
Horace Gray | Associate Justice | Massachusetts | Nathan Clifford | December 20, 1881 (51–5) |
January 9, 1882 – September 15, 1902 (Died) |
![]() |
David Josiah Brewer | Associate Justice | Kansas | Stanley Matthews | December 18, 1889 (53–11) |
January 6, 1890 – March 28, 1910 (Died) |
![]() |
Henry Billings Brown | Associate Justice | Michigan | Samuel Freeman Miller | December 29, 1890 (Acclamation) |
January 5, 1891 – May 28, 1906 (Retired) |
![]() |
George Shiras Jr. | Associate Justice | Pennsylvania | Joseph P. Bradley | July 26, 1892 (Acclamation) |
October 10, 1892 – February 23, 1903 (Retired) |
![]() |
Edward Douglass White | Associate Justice | Louisiana | Samuel Blatchford | February 19, 1894 (Acclamation) |
March 12, 1894 – December 18, 1910 (Continued as chief justice) |
![]() |
Rufus W. Peckham | Associate Justice | New York | Howell Edmunds Jackson | December 9, 1895 (Acclamation) |
January 6, 1896 – October 24, 1909 (Died) |
![]() |
Joseph McKenna | Associate Justice | California | Stephen Johnson Field | January 21, 1898 (Acclamation) |
January 26, 1898 – January 5, 1925 (Retired) |
Citation style
[edit]Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
The Judiciary Act of 1891 created the United States Courts of Appeals and reassigned the jurisdiction of most routine appeals from the district and circuit courts to these appellate courts. The Act created nine new courts that were originally known as the "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals." The new courts had jurisdiction over most appeals of lower court decisions. The Supreme Court could review either legal issues that a court of appeals certified or decisions of court of appeals by writ of certiorari.
Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.
- "# Cir." = United States Court of Appeals
- e.g., "3d Cir." = United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
- "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . .
- e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
- "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . .
- e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
- e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
- e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
- "Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims
- The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
- e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
- e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine
List of cases in volume 175 U.S.
[edit]Case Name | Page and year | Opinion of the Court | Concurring opinion(s) | Dissenting opinion(s) | Lower Court | Disposition of case |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jones v. Meehan | 1 (1899) | Gray | none | none | C.C.D. Minn. | affirmed |
Scudder v. Comptroller | 32 (1899) | Gray | none | none | N.Y. County Sur. Ct. | dismissed |
Anglo-Californian Bank v. United States | 37 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | 9th Cir. | dismissed |
De la Vergne Refrigerating Machine Company v. German Savings Institution | 40 (1899) | Brown | none | none | 8th Cir. | reversed |
United States v. Conway | 60 (1899) | Brown | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | reversed |
Real de Dolores v. United States | 71 (1899) | Brown | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | affirmed |
Ainsa v. New Mexico and Arizona Railroad Company | 76 (1899) | Gray | none | none | Sup. Ct. Terr. Ariz. | reversed |
Hartford Fire Insurance Company v. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Company | 91 (1899) | Gray | none | none | 8th Cir. | affirmed |
Bienville Water Supply Company v. City of Mobile | 109 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ala. | affirmed |
In re Blake | 114 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | Tenn. | mandamus denied |
City of New Orleans v. Warner | 120 (1899) | Brown | none | none | 5th Cir. | affirmed |
Brady v. Daly | 148 (1899) | Peckham | none | none | 2d Cir. | affirmed |
Simms v. Simms | 162 (1899) | Gray | none | none | Sup. Ct. Terr. Ariz. | affirmed |
Brown v. New Jersey | 172 (1899) | Brewer | none | none | N.J.O. and T. | affirmed |
Coudert v. United States | 178 (1899) | McKenna | none | none | 2d Cir. | affirmed |
Markuson v. Boucher | 184 (1899) | McKenna | none | none | D.N.D. | affirmed |
The New York | 187 (1899) | Brown | none | none | 6th Cir. | reversed |
Addyston Pipe and Steel Company v. United States | 211 (1899) | Peckham | none | none | 6th Cir. | affirmed |
Hays v. United States | 248 (1899) | Brown | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | affirmed |
Bolles v. Outing Company | 262 (1899) | Brown | none | none | 2d Cir. | affirmed |
Arkansas Building and Loan Association v. Madden | 269 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | C.C.W.D. Tex. | affirmed |
Seeberger v. McCormick | 274 (1899) | Shiras | none | none | Ill. | dismissed |
Malony v. Adsit | 281 (1899) | Shiras | none | none | D. Alaska | affirmed |
Bradfield v. Roberts | 291 (1899) | Peckham | none | none | D.C. Cir. | affirmed |
Niles v. Cedar Point Club | 300 (1899) | Brewer | none | none | 6th Cir. | affirmed |
City of New Orleans v. Stemple | 309 (1899) | Brewer | none | none | C.C.E.D. La. | reversed |
New York and New England Railroad Company v. Conroy | 323 (1899) | Shiras | none | Harlan | 1st Cir. | certification |
Tullis v. Lake Erie and Western Railroad Company | 348 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | 7th Cir. | certification |
The Pedro | 354 (1899) | Fuller | none | White | S.D. Fla. | affirmed |
The Guido | 382 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | S.D. Fla. | affirmed |
The Steamship Buena Ventura | 384 (1899) | Peckham | none | none | S.D. Fla. | reversed |
King v. Cross | 396 (1899) | White | none | none | R.I. | affirmed |
Abbott v. Tacoma Bank | 409 (1899) | Harlan | none | none | Wash. | affirmed |
Hamilton v. Rathbone | 414 (1899) | Brown | none | none | D.C. Cir. | reversed |
La Abra Silver Mining Company v. United States | 423 (1899) | Harlan | none | none | Ct. Cl. | affirmed |
United States v. Pena | 500 (1899) | Brewer | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | reversed |
United States v. Chavez | 509 (1899) | McKenna | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | affirmed |
Bardes v. Hawarden First National Bank | 526 (1899) | Fuller | none | none | N.D. Iowa | dismissed |
Cumming v. Richmond County | 528 (1899) | Harlan | none | none | Ga. Super. Ct. | affirmed |
Peabody v. United States | 546 (1899) | Peckham | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | affirmed |
Chavez v. United States | 552 (1900) | Peckham | none | none | Ct. Priv. Land Cl. | affirmed |
Northern Pacific Railroad Company v. Amacker | 564 (1900) | Brewer | none | none | 9th Cir. | affirmed |
Blackburn v. Portland Gold Mining Company | 571 (1900) | Shiras | none | none | C.C.D. Colo. | affirmed |
United States v. Gleason | 588 (1900) | Shiras | none | none | Ct. Cl. | reversed |
Canada Sugar Refining Company v. Insurance Company of North America | 609 (1900) | Shiras | none | none | 2d Cir. | reversed |
Keokuk and Hamilton Bridge Company v. Illinois | 626 (1900) | Fuller | none | none | Ill. | affirmed |
Whitcomb v. Smithson | 635 (1900) | Fuller | none | none | Minn. | affirmed |
Telluride Power Transmission Company v. Rio Grande Western Railway Company | 639 (1900) | Brown | none | none | Utah | dismissed |
Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company v. Behlmer | 648 (1900) | White | none | none | 4th Cir. | reversed |
The Paquete Habana | 677 (1899) | Gray | none | Fuller | S.D. Fla. | reversed |
Notes and references
[edit]- ^ "Supreme Court Research Guide". Georgetown Law Library. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- [1] Case reports in volume 175 from Library of Congress
- [2] Case reports in volume 175 from Court Listener
- [3] Case reports in volume 175 from the Caselaw Access Project of Harvard Law School
- [4] Case reports in volume 175 from Google Scholar
- [5] Case reports in volume 175 from Justia
- [6] Case reports in volume 175 from Open Jurist
- Website of the United States Supreme Court
- United States Courts website about the Supreme Court
- National Archives, Records of the Supreme Court of the United States
- American Bar Association, How Does the Supreme Court Work?
- The Supreme Court Historical Society