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Coordinates: 40°22′35″N 28°53′00″E / 40.37639°N 28.88333°E / 40.37639; 28.88333
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{{Short description|Human settlement}}
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'''Apamea Myrlea''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|p|ə|ˈ|m|iː|ə|_|m|ər|ˈ|l|iː|ə|}}; {{lang-grc|Απάμεια Μύρλεια}}) was an ancient city on the [[Sea of Marmara]], in [[Bithynia]], [[Anatolia]]; its ruins are a few kilometers south of [[Mudanya]], [[Bursa Province]] in the [[Marmara Region]] of [[Turkey]].
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Apamea Myrlea
|native_name =
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|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = Turkey
|map_alt =
|map_size = 250
|location = [[Turkey]]
|region = [[Bursa Province]]
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|coordinates = {{coord|40|22|35|N|28|53|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|type =
|part_of =
|length =
|width =
|area =
|height =
|builder =
|material =
|built =
|abandoned =
|epochs =
|cultures =
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|event =
|excavations =
|archaeologists =
|condition =
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|management =
|public_access =
|website =
|notes =
}}


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'''Apamea Myrlea''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|p|ə|ˈ|m|iː|ə|_|m|ər|ˈ|l|iː|ə|}}; {{lang-grc|Απάμεια Μύρλεια}}) was an ancient city and bishopric ('''Apamea in Bithynia''') on the [[Sea of Marmara]], in [[Bithynia]], [[Anatolia]]; its ruins are a few kilometers south of [[Mudanya]], [[Bursa Province]] in the [[Marmara Region]] of Asian [[Turkey]].
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==Name==


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== Name ==
To distinguish this city from the many others called Apamea,<ref name=EB1911>[http://eb.tbicl.org/apamea/ 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref><ref name=Smith/><ref>See also the disambiguation page [[Apamea (disambiguation)|Apamea]]</ref> the name Apamea Myrlea used here adds to the name (Apamea) it was given when rebuilt as an important city the name (Myrlea) it previously bore as a smaller town.<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=apamea Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, ''A Latin Dictionary'', entry "Ăpămēa"]</ref> It was also referred to as Apamea Myrlēon (Apamea of Myrlea).<ref>[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002024900400;view=1up;seq=93 William Smith, ''A Classical Dictionary'', p. 83]</ref>
To distinguish this city from the many others called Apamea,<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Apamea|display=Apamea s.v. 4|volume=2|page=159|first=David George|last=Hogarth|author-link=David George Hogarth|short=y}}</ref><ref name=Smith/><ref>See also the disambiguation page [[Apamea (disambiguation)|Apamea]]</ref> the name Apamea Myrlea used here adds to the name (Apamea) it was given when rebuilt as an important city the name (Myrlea) it previously bore as a smaller town.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=apamea Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, ''A Latin Dictionary'', entry "Ăpămēa"]</ref> It was also referred to as Apamea Myrlēon (Apamea of Myrlea).<ref>[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002024900400;view=1up;seq=93 William Smith, ''A Classical Dictionary'', p. 83]</ref>


==History==
== History ==
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The town was founded as a [[Greek colony|colony]] of the [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]]ians and was called Μύρλεια (Myrleia or Myrlea). [[Philip V of Macedon]] took the town, as it appears, during his war against the king of [[Pergamon]], and gave it to his ally, King [[Prusias I of Bithynia]], who fortified and enlarged it – indeed almost rebuilt it<ref>[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002024900400;view=1up;seq=591 William Smith, ''A Classical Dictionary'', p. 581]</ref> – around 202 BC, renaming it Ἀπάμεια (transcribed as Apameia, Apamea, or Apamia), after his wife, [[Apama III]].<ref name=Smith>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dapameia-geo "Apameia" in William Smith, ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'' (1854)]</ref>


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The place was on the west coast of the [[Gulf of Gemlik]], and northwest of [[Bursa, Turkey|Bursa]], then called Prusa, for which it served as a port.<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
The town was founded as a colony of the [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]]ians and was called Μύρλεια (Myrleia or Myrlea). [[Philip V of Macedon]] took the town, as it appears, during his war against the king of [[Pergamon]], and gave it to his ally, King [[Prusias I of Bithynia]], who fortified and enlarged it – indeed almost rebuilt it<ref>[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002024900400;view=1up;seq=591 William Smith, ''A Classical Dictionary'', p. 581]</ref> – around 202 BC, renaming it Ἀπάμεια (transcribed as Apameia, Apamea, or Apamia), after his wife, [[Apama III]].<ref name=Smith>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dapameia-geo "Apameia" in William Smith, ''Dictionary of ''Greek and Roman Geography'' (1854)]</ref>


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The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] made Apamea a ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]'', apparently in the time of [[Augustus]], or perhaps [[Julius Caesar]], in view of the adjective "Iulia" that appear on its coins under Roman rule.<ref name=Smith/> Its earlier coins were stamped Ἀπαμέων Μυρλεάνων, but in Roman times they bore the label C.I.C.A. (= Colonia Iulia Concordia Apamea).<ref>[http://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=17 Asia Minor Coins – ancient coins of Apamea]</ref>
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The place was on the south coast of the [[Gulf of Erdek]], and northwest of [[Bursa, Turkey|Bursa]], then called Prusa, for which it served as a port.<ref name=EB1911/>

⚫
The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] made Apamea a ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]'', apparently in the time of [[Augustus]], or perhaps [[Julius Caesar]], in view of the adjective "Iulia" that appear on its coins under Roman rule.<ref name=Smith/> Its earlier coins were stamped Ἀπαμέων Μυρλεάνων, but in Roman times they bore the label C.I.C.A. (= Colonia Iulia Concordia Apamea).<ref>[http://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=17 Asia Minor Coins - ancient coins of Apamea]</ref>


When [[Pliny the Younger]] was governor of [[Bithynia]], he consulted [[Trajan]] about a claim by the ''colonia'' not to have its accounts of receipts and expenditures examined by the [[Roman governor]].<ref name=Smith/>
When [[Pliny the Younger]] was governor of [[Bithynia]], he consulted [[Trajan]] about a claim by the ''colonia'' not to have its accounts of receipts and expenditures examined by the [[Roman governor]].<ref name=Smith/>
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A passage of [[Ulpian]] shows use of the adjectival form of the name was ''Apamenus'': "''Apamena: est in Bithynia colonia Apamena''.<ref name=Smith/>
A passage of [[Ulpian]] shows use of the adjectival form of the name was ''Apamenus'': "''Apamena: est in Bithynia colonia Apamena''.<ref name=Smith/>


== Bishopric ==
== Ecclesiastical history ==
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This Apamea in the Late [[Roman province]] of Bithynia became the seat of a Christian [[bishop]] in the 4th century and was at first a [[suffragan]] of [[Nicaea]], but became an autocephalous [[archdiocese]] some time before the [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic)]] in 869, at which its [[archbishop]] Paulus took part.<ref>Michel Lequien, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 655–658</ref><ref>Gaetano Moroni, ''Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=I7QAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA235 Vol. 2], p.&nbsp;235</ref>


=== Titular see ===
⚫
This Apamea in the [[Roman province]] of Bithynia became the seat of a Christian [[bishop]] in the 4th century and was at first a [[suffragan]] of [[Nicaea]], but became an autocephalous [[archdiocese]] some time before the [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic)]] in 869, at which its [[archbishop]] Paulus took part.<ref>Michel Lequien, [http://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 655-658</ref><ref>Gaetano Moroni, ''Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=I7QAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA235 Vol. 2], p.&nbsp;235</ref>
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No longer a residential bishopric, '''Apamea in Bithynia''' is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]],<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 834</ref> of the intermediary Archiepiscopal rank.


Since the Latin Catholic archdiocese was thus nominally restored (in ?1633), it has had the following archiepiscopal incumbents, but is vacant since decades :
⚫
No longer a residential bishopric, Apamea in Bithynia is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 834</ref>
* Nicola Maria Tedeschi, [[Benedictines]] (O.S.B.) (1722.03.02 – death 1741.09.29), eemritate as former Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lipari|Lipari]] (Italy) (1710.03.10 – 1722.02.28)
* Stefano Evodio Assemani (1736 – death 1782.11.24), no actual office recorded
* [[Luigi Ruffo Scilla]] (1785.04.11 – 1801.02.23), as [[Apostolic Nuncio]] (papal ambassador) to [[Austria-Hungary]] (1793.08.23 – 1802.08.09); later Metropolitan Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Napoli|Napoli (Naples)]] (southern Italy) (1802.08.09 – death 1832.11.17), created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[S. Martino ai Monti]] (1802.08.09 – 1832.11.17), became [[Protopriest of Sacred College of Cardinals]] (1830.01.24 – 1832.11.17)
* David Mathew (1946.02.20 – death 1975.12.12), first as [[Apostolic Delegate]] (papal legation chief) to [[British East Africa]] and [[British West Africa]] (1946.02.20 – 1953), then [[Military Vicar]] of [[Military Vicariate of Great Britain|Great Britain]] (UK) (1954.04.16 – retired 1963.03.23); previously Titular Bishop of [[Æliæ]] (1938.12.03 – 1946.02.20) as [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster|Westminster]] (England) (1938.12.03 – 1946.02.20)


==References==
==See also==
* [[List of ancient Greek cities]]
{{reflist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources and external links ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0152.htm GCatholic, with incumbent bio links]


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
*[[Richard Talbert]], [[Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World]], (ISBN 0-691-03169-X), p. 52.
* [[Richard Talbert]], [[Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World]], ({{ISBN|0-691-03169-X}}), p. 52.
*[[Stephanus of Byzantium]], s. v. Apameia
* [[Stephanus of Byzantium]], s. v. Apameia


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{{Coord|40|22|31|N|28|52|56|E|display=title}}
{{Former settlements in Turkey}}
{{Former settlements in Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region]]
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[[Category:Bithynian colonies]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
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[[Category:History of Turkey]]
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[[Category:Bursa]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Turkey]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Turkey]]
[[Category:History of Bursa Province]]
[[Category:Geography of Bursa Province]]
[[Category:Geography of Bursa Province]]
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[[Category:History of Bursa Province]]
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[[Category:Bithynian colonies]]
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[[Category:History of Bursa]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bithynia]]

Latest revision as of 18:05, 14 March 2023

Apamea Myrlea
Apamea Myrlea is located in Turkey
Apamea Myrlea
Shown within Turkey
StandortTürkei
RegionBursa Province
Coordinates40°22′35″N 28°53′00″E / 40.37639°N 28.88333°E / 40.37639; 28.88333

Apamea Myrlea (/ˌæpəˈmiːə mərˈliːə/; Ancient Greek: Απάμεια Μύρλεια) was an ancient city and bishopric (Apamea in Bithynia) on the Sea of Marmara, in Bithynia, Anatolia; its ruins are a few kilometers south of Mudanya, Bursa Province in the Marmara Region of Asian Turkey.

Name

[edit]

To distinguish this city from the many others called Apamea,[1][2][3] the name Apamea Myrlea used here adds to the name (Apamea) it was given when rebuilt as an important city the name (Myrlea) it previously bore as a smaller town.[4] It was also referred to as Apamea Myrlēon (Apamea of Myrlea).[5]

History

[edit]

The town was founded as a colony of the Colophonians and was called Μύρλεια (Myrleia or Myrlea). Philip V of Macedon took the town, as it appears, during his war against the king of Pergamon, and gave it to his ally, King Prusias I of Bithynia, who fortified and enlarged it – indeed almost rebuilt it[6] – around 202 BC, renaming it Ἀπάμεια (transcribed as Apameia, Apamea, or Apamia), after his wife, Apama III.[2]

The place was on the west coast of the Gulf of Gemlik, and northwest of Bursa, then called Prusa, for which it served as a port.[1]

The Romans made Apamea a colonia, apparently in the time of Augustus, or perhaps Julius Caesar, in view of the adjective "Iulia" that appear on its coins under Roman rule.[2] Its earlier coins were stamped Ἀπαμέων Μυρλεάνων, but in Roman times they bore the label C.I.C.A. (= Colonia Iulia Concordia Apamea).[7]

When Pliny the Younger was governor of Bithynia, he consulted Trajan about a claim by the colonia not to have its accounts of receipts and expenditures examined by the Roman governor.[2]

A passage of Ulpian shows use of the adjectival form of the name was Apamenus: "Apamena: est in Bithynia colonia Apamena.[2]

Ecclesiastical history

[edit]

This Apamea in the Late Roman province of Bithynia became the seat of a Christian bishop in the 4th century and was at first a suffragan of Nicaea, but became an autocephalous archdiocese some time before the Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic) in 869, at which its archbishop Paulus took part.[8][9]

Titular see

[edit]

No longer a residential bishopric, Apamea in Bithynia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see,[10] of the intermediary Archiepiscopal rank.

Since the Latin Catholic archdiocese was thus nominally restored (in ?1633), it has had the following archiepiscopal incumbents, but is vacant since decades :

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Hogarth, David George (1911). "Apamea s.v. 4" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). p. 159.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Apameia" in William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)
  3. ^ See also the disambiguation page Apamea
  4. ^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, entry "Ăpămēa"
  5. ^ William Smith, A Classical Dictionary, p. 83
  6. ^ William Smith, A Classical Dictionary, p. 581
  7. ^ Asia Minor Coins – ancient coins of Apamea
  8. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 655–658
  9. ^ Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, Vol. 2, p. 235
  10. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 834
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
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