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Anticipatory democracy is a theory of civics relying on democratic decision making that takes into account predictions of future events that have some credibility with the electorate. The phrase was coined by Alvin Toffler in his book Future Shock^[1] and was expanded on in the 1978 book Anticipatory Democracy, edited by Clement Bezold.

Other well-known advocates of the anticipatory approach include Newt Gingrich, Heidi Toffler, K. Eric Drexler, and Robin Hanson. They all advocate approaches where the public, not just experts, participate in this "anticipation".

The FutureMAP program of the Information Awareness Office program of the United States government proposed a prediction market prior to its cancellation on July 29, 2003.

Variants

Bioregional democracy can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates (using a similar scientific process) the ecological health outcomes of any given action. However it usually relies more on far less fragile means, and less on compared measures and quantities.

An alternative, deliberative democracy, may combine with either the anticipatory or the bioregional model. It relies less on formal models and a market system for betting on future events, and more on discussion.

Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of participatory democracy with different thresholds of ease of participation, burden of proof, concern for non-human life or future generations, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferences or ideals of truth. Sometimes a deliberative model is described as more "left" and an anticipatory model as more "right". Those who wish to avoid this debate and see merits to both approaches, e.g. Greens, usually prefer the generic term "participatory democracy". This term has become fundamental to green politics itself.

Other terms which likewise have more specific associations with advocates or methods include: grassroots democracy, semi-direct democracy, consensus democracy.

References

^ "Anticipatory democracy". The Indian journal of public administration, Volume 26. 1980. p. 879. Retrieved December 8, 2011.

Bibliography

Future Shock - Alvin Toffler
Anticipatory Democracy: People in the Politics of the Future, Clement Bezold, Random House, 1978. ISBN 0-394-41236-2.

[1] "Anticipatory democracy". The Indian journal of public administration, Volume 26. 1980. p. 879. Retrieved December 8, 2011.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{POV-check|date=December 2007}}
 {{Democracy}}
-'''Anticipatory democracy''' is a theory of [[civics]] relying on democratic [[decision making]] that takes into account [[futurology|predictions of future events]] that have some credibility with the electorate.  It closely resembles the civic ideal of [[Technocracy (bureaucratic)|technocracy]].  The phrase was apparently coined by [[Alvin Toffler]] in his book ''[[Future Shock]]'',<ref>[http://www.interlog.com/~blake/nov99/toffler.html "Strategies for Survival"] - interview of Alvin Toffler by Blake Harris</ref> and was expanded on in the 1978 book ''Anticipatory Democracy'', edited by [[Clement Bezold]].
+'''Anticipatory democracy''' is a theory of [[civics]] relying on democratic [[decision making]] that takes into account [[futurology|predictions of future events]] that have some credibility with the electorate. The phrase was coined by [[Alvin Toffler]] in his book ''[[Future Shock]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvbQAAAAMAAJ&q=Toffler | title=Anticipatory democracy | work=The Indian journal of public administration, Volume 26 | date=1980 | accessdate=December 8, 2011 | pages=879}}</ref> and was expanded on in the 1978 book ''Anticipatory Democracy'', edited by [[Clement Bezold]].
-Other well-known advocates of the anticipatory approach include [[Newt Gingrich]], [[Heidi Toffler]], [[K. Eric Drexler]], and [[Robin Hanson]].  They all advocate approaches where the public, not just experts, participate in this "anticipation".
+Other well-known advocates of the anticipatory approach include [[Newt Gingrich]], [[Heidi Toffler]], [[K. Eric Drexler]], and [[Robin Hanson]]. They all advocate approaches where the public, not just experts, participate in this "anticipation".
-To do this anticipation, [[prediction market]]s and other [[risk management]] techniques may be embedded into [[bureaucracies]] and agencies to overcome the [[groupthink]] inherent in such bodies,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} which makes it quite difficult for them to anticipate uncomfortable future events.  The FutureMAP program of the [[Information Awareness Office]] program of the [[United States of America|United States]] government proposed a prediction market prior to its cancellation on [[July 29]][[2003]].
+The FutureMAP program of the [[Information Awareness Office]] program of the [[United States of America|United States]] government proposed a prediction market prior to its cancellation on July 29, 2003.
 == Variants ==
-[[Bioregional democracy]] can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates (using a similar scientific process) the [[ecological health]] outcomes of any given action.  However it usually relies more on far less fragile means, and less on compared measures and quantities:
+[[Bioregional democracy]] can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates (using a similar scientific process) the [[ecological health]] outcomes of any given action. However it usually relies more on far less fragile means, and less on compared measures and quantities.
 An alternative, [[deliberative democracy]], may combine with either the anticipatory or the bioregional model.  It relies less on formal models and a [[market system]] for betting on future events, and more on discussion.
-Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of [[participatory democracy]] with different thresholds of ease of participation, [[burden of proof]], concern for non-human life or future generations, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferences or ideals of [[truth]].  Sometimes a deliberative model is described as more [[left-wing politics|"left"]] and an anticipatory model as more [[right-wing politics|"right"]].  Those who wish to avoid this debate and see merits to both approaches, e.g. [[Green politics|Greens]], usually prefer the generic term "[[participatory democracy]]."  This term has become fundamental to [[green politics]] itself.
+Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of [[participatory democracy]] with different thresholds of ease of participation, [[Legal burden of proof|burden of proof]], concern for non-human life or future generations, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferences or ideals of [[truth]].  Sometimes a deliberative model is described as more [[left-wing politics|"left"]] and an anticipatory model as more [[right-wing politics|"right"]]. Those who wish to avoid this debate and see merits to both approaches, e.g. [[Green politics|Greens]], usually prefer the generic term "[[participatory democracy]]". This term has become fundamental to [[green politics]] itself.
-Other terms which likewise have more specific associations with advocates or methods include: [[grassroots democracy]], [[semi-direct democracy]], [[consensus democracy]].  ''See outlines in the articles on [[democracy]] and on [[forms of government]].''
+Other terms which likewise have more specific associations with advocates or methods include: [[grassroots democracy]], [[semi-direct democracy]], [[consensus democracy]].
 ==See also==
@@ Line 22: / Line 21: @@
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-<references/>
 ==Bibliography==
-* [[Future Shock]] - Alvin Toffler
+*[[Future Shock]] - Alvin Toffler
-* ''Anticipatory Democracy: People in the Politics of the Future'', Clement Bezold, Random House, 1978.  ISBN 0-394-41236-2.
+*''Anticipatory Democracy: People in the Politics of the Future'', Clement Bezold, Random House, 1978.  {{ISBN|0-394-41236-2}}.
+[[Category:Active citizenship]]
-[[Category:Civics]]
+[[Category:Participatory democracy]]
+[[Category:Types of democracy]]