107 mm gun M1910/30: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox weapon |
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|name=107 mm gun M1910/30 |
|name=107 mm gun M1910/30 |
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|image= |
| image=107mm gun 1930.JPG |
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| image_size = 300 |
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|caption=M1910/30 in the Artillery Museum, Saint Petersburg. |
|caption=M1910/30 in the Artillery Museum, Saint Petersburg. |
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|origin=[[USSR]] |
|origin=[[USSR]] |
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| Line 24: | Line 25: | ||
|variants= |
|variants= |
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<!-- General specifications --> |
<!-- General specifications --> |
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|weight= |
|weight=Combat: 2,535 kg<br>(5,589 lbs)<br>Travel: 3,000 kg<br>(6,614 lbs) |
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|length=7.53 |
|length={{convert|7.53|m|ftin}} |
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|part_length= |
|part_length=Bore: {{convert|3.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/36.6<br>Overall: {{convert|4.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/38<br>(without [[muzzle brake]]) |
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|width=2.06 |
|width={{convert|2.06|m|ftin}} |
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|height=1.74 |
|height={{convert|1.74|m|ftin}} |
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|crew=8 |
|crew=8 |
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<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> |
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> |
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|cartridge= 106.7 x 420mmR<br>Separate loading charge and projectile |
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|cartridge= |
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|caliber=106.7 mm (4.21 in) |
|caliber=106.7 mm (4.21 in) |
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|action= |
|action= |
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| Line 41: | Line 42: | ||
|sights= |
|sights= |
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<!-- Artillery specifications --> |
<!-- Artillery specifications --> |
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|breech=interrupted screw |
|breech=[[interrupted screw]] |
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|recoil=[[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|hydro-pneumatic]] |
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|recoil=hydropneumatic |
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|carriage=box trail |
|carriage=[[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|box trail]] |
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|elevation=-5° to 37° |
|elevation=-5° to 37° |
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|traverse=6° |
|traverse=6° |
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<!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> |
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> |
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|blade_type= |
|blade_type= |
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|hilt_type= |
|hilt_type= |
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| Line 52: | Line 53: | ||
|head_type= |
|head_type= |
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|haft_type= |
|haft_type= |
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<!-- Explosive specifications --> |
<!-- Explosive specifications --> |
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|diameter= |
|diameter= |
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|filling= |
|filling= |
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|speed= |
|speed= |
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}} |
}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The gun was based on an artillery piece originally developed by the French arms manufacturer [[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider]] prior to World War I and used by the [[Russian Empire]] as the [[107 mm gun M1910]]. The modernized variant, adopted in 1931, differed from the original design mainly by having a larger chamber and longer barrel, resulting in longer range. The M1910/30 remained in production until the mid-1930s and was employed by the [[Red Army]] in World War II, mainly in corps artillery and Reserve of the Main Command units. |
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| ⚫ | |||
A number of captured guns were used by the ''[[Wehrmacht]]''. |
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| ⚫ | The gun was based on an artillery piece originally developed by the |
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==Development and production== |
==Development and production== |
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From late 1920s the RKKA sought to upgrade its First World War era artillery pieces. One of the modernized weapons was the 107 mm gun M1910, originally designed by the French arms manufacturer |
From the late 1920s the RKKA sought to upgrade its First World War era artillery pieces. One of the modernized weapons was the 107 mm gun M1910, originally designed by the French arms manufacturer Schneider. Modernization projects were submitted by Orudiyno-Arsenalny Trest (OAT) and by the design bureau of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the [[Main Agency of Missiles and Artillery of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation|Main Directorate of Artillery]] (KB NTK GAU). After trials it was decided to adopt the weapon designed by KB NTK GAU, but to fit it with an equilibrating [[counterweight]] as used in the OAT project. The modernized weapon was adopted in 1931 as the 107 mm gun M1910/30.<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA">Shirokorad - ''Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery''.</ref> |
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The upgrade included the following: |
The upgrade included the following:{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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*The [[Gun barrel|barrel]] was lengthened by 10 calibers and fitted with [[muzzle brake]]; |
*The [[Gun barrel|barrel]] was lengthened by 10 calibers and fitted with a [[muzzle brake]]; |
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*The [[Chamber (firearms)|chamber]] was lengthened; |
*The [[Chamber (firearms)|chamber]] was lengthened; |
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*Separate cartridge loading was introduced; |
*Separate cartridge loading was introduced; |
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*There were changes in recuperator, cradle and elevation mechanism. |
*There were changes in the recuperator, cradle and elevation mechanism. |
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The weapon was manufactured by the [[Obukhov State Plant|Bolshevik Plant]] in [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] and by the [[Barrikady Industrial Association|Barrikady Plant]] in [[Volgograd|Stalingrad]] from 1931 until 1935 or later.<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA"/> Additionally, a |
The weapon was manufactured by the [[Obukhov State Plant|Bolshevik Plant]] in [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] and by the [[Barrikady Industrial Association|Barrikady Plant]] in [[Volgograd|Stalingrad]] from 1931 until 1935 or later.<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA"/> Additionally, a number of M1910 pieces were upgraded by Bolshevik, ''No 7'', ''No 13'' and ''KKZ'' plants.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[Image:30 gun 09.jpg|right|thumb|M1910/30, left side view |
[[Image:30 gun 09.jpg|right|thumb|M1910/30, left side view]] |
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The barrel of M1910/30 was longer than the original barrel and was fitted with slotted muzzle brake ( |
The barrel of the M1910/30 was longer than the original barrel and was fitted with a slotted [[muzzle brake]] (which reduced recoil by 25%); in order to balance the barrel, a special weight was fitted to the opposite end of the tube. The [[Breechblock|breech]] was of the [[interrupted screw]] type. The recoil system, consisting of a hydraulic recoil buffer and a [[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|hydro-pneumatic]] recuperator, was located in a sleigh below the barrel. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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The box trail carriage was nearly identical to that of the M1910. It had either unsprung wooden wheels or metal wheels with solid rubber tires. With wooden wheels, the speed of transportation was limited to about 6 km/h. A team of eight horses was needed to tow the gun; another six towed an ammunition box with 42 rounds.<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA"/> |
The [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|box trail]] carriage was nearly identical to that of the M1910. It had either unsprung wooden wheels or metal wheels with solid rubber tires. With wooden wheels, the speed of transportation was limited to about 6 km/h. A team of eight horses was needed to tow the gun; another six towed an ammunition box with 42 rounds.<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA"/> |
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==Organization and service== |
==Organization and service== |
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===Red Army=== |
===Red Army=== |
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The M1910/30 guns were issued to [[corps]] artillery. In 1941, three variants of corps artillery [[regiment]]s existed: |
The M1910/30 guns were issued to [[corps]] artillery. In 1941, three variants of corps artillery [[regiment]]s existed:{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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*Two battalions of [[152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20)|152 mm howitzer-guns M1937 (ML-20)]] (24 pieces) and one battalion of 107 mm guns (12 pieces). |
*Two battalions of [[152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20)|152 mm howitzer-guns M1937 (ML-20)]] (24 pieces) and one battalion of 107 mm guns (12 pieces). |
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*Two battalions of ML-20 (24 pieces) and two battalions of 122 mm guns or 107 mm guns (24 pieces). |
*Two battalions of ML-20 (24 pieces) and two battalions of 122 mm guns or 107 mm guns (24 pieces). |
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*Three battalions of ML-20 (36 pieces). |
*Three battalions of ML-20 (36 pieces). |
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In September 1941 rifle corps of the RKKA were disbanded |
In September 1941 rifle corps of the RKKA were disbanded, therefore corps level artillery ceased to exist. 107 mm guns were then issued to Reserve of the Main Command units, in 12, 18 or 24-piece gun regiments or 36-piece [[Brigade|gun brigades]].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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When corps level was reintroduced in 1943, most 107 mm pieces were again given to corps artillery. New corps artillery regiments had 16-20 pieces |
When corps level was reintroduced in 1943, most 107 mm pieces were again given to corps artillery. New corps artillery regiments had 16-20 pieces and along with 107 mm guns included 122 mm guns and 152 mm howitzers.<ref name="MHJ-200505">''Military History Journal'', no 5, 2005.</ref> |
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Many 107 mm guns were also used by independent artillery regiments of fortified regions |
Many 107 mm guns were also used by the independent artillery regiments of fortified regions and by independent battalions and [[Artillery battery|batteries]] belonging to [[Front (Soviet Army)|fronts]] and [[Field army|armies]].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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The M1910/30 were used by the Red Army in the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], where four pieces were lost.<ref>Kolomiets - ''The Battle of River Khalkhin-Gol.''</ref> They also saw action in the [[Winter War]] (12 pieces in the 7th Army, 24 in the 467th Artillery Regiment of the 8th Army, 12 in the 51st Artillery Regiment of the 9th Army), apparently without losses.<ref>Shirokorad - ''Northern Wars of Russia''.</ref> |
The M1910/30 were used by the Red Army in the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], where four pieces were lost.<ref>Kolomiets - ''The Battle of River Khalkhin-Gol.''</ref> They also saw action in the [[Winter War]] (12 pieces in the 7th Army, 24 in the 467th Artillery Regiment of the 8th Army, 12 in the 51st Artillery Regiment of the 9th Army), apparently without losses.<ref>Shirokorad - ''Northern Wars of Russia''.</ref> |
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In June 1941, according to different sources, the Red Army possessed 828 (including four belonging to the [[Soviet Navy|navy]])<ref>''Red Army on 22 June 1941, Statistics'', no 1.</ref> or 863<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA"/> pieces of this type. 474 107 mm guns, including a limited numbers of the new [[107 mm gun M1940 (M-60)|M-60]], belonged to western military districts.<ref>tank.uw.ru.</ref> Many were lost |
In June 1941, according to different sources, the Red Army possessed 828 (including four belonging to the [[Soviet Navy|navy]])<ref>''Red Army on 22 June 1941, Statistics'', no 1.</ref> or 863<ref name="SHIROKORAD-ESA"/> pieces of this type. 474 107 mm guns, including a limited numbers of the new [[107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60)|M-60]], belonged to western military districts.<ref>tank.uw.ru.</ref> Many were lost at the beginning of the [[Great Patriotic War]]. In 1943, the RKKA had at least 490 107 mm guns of all models, the majority of them M1910/30;<ref name="MHJ-200505"/> some remained in service until the end of the war.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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A surviving piece can be seen in the Artillery Museum in [[Saint Petersburg]]. |
A surviving piece can be seen in the Artillery Museum in [[Saint Petersburg]].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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===Wehrmacht=== |
===''Wehrmacht''=== |
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A number of |
A number of M1910/30 guns were captured by the ''Wehrmacht'' and pressed into service in both field and coastal artillery. In [[Nazi Germany|German]] service, the gun was designated the '''10,7 cm K 352(r)'''. In March 1944, the ''Wehrmacht'' still possessed 17 pieces, all on the Eastern Front.<ref>Shirokorad - ''The God of War of The Third Reich''.</ref> |
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==Summary== |
==Summary== |
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The modernization of M1910/30 gave the Red Army a relatively lightweight, reliable corps artillery piece with improved range and wide array of ammunition. On the other side, it failed to address other drawbacks of the weapon. Because of unsprung wheels, the M1910/30 was unsuitable for high-speed transportation. |
The modernization of the M1910/30 gave the Red Army a relatively lightweight, reliable corps artillery piece with improved range and a wide array of ammunition. On the other side, it failed to address other drawbacks of the weapon. Because of its unsprung wheels, the M1910/30 was unsuitable for high-speed transportation. A very small traverse of 6 degrees limited the effectiveness of the gun against enemy tanks, despite decent armor penetration.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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For the sake of comparison, the standard [[Nazi Germany|German]] 105 mm gun, the [[10.5 cm schwere Kanone 18|10.5 cm sK 18]], surpassed the M1910/30 in range (19 km, or 21 km for a modernized K 18/40), traverse (60 degrees) and transportation speed (up to 40 km/h). This, however, came at a price of much larger weight of about six tons. |
For the sake of comparison, the standard [[Nazi Germany|German]] 105 mm gun, the [[10.5 cm schwere Kanone 18|10.5 cm sK 18]], surpassed the M1910/30 in range (19 km, or 21 km for a modernized K 18/40), traverse (60 degrees) and transportation speed (up to 40 km/h). This, however, came at a price of a much larger weight of about six tons.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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In 1940, the RKKA adopted a more modern 107 mm gun, the M-60. Although originally intended - and officially designated - as a divisional gun, in practice the M-60 was never used by rifle divisions; from 1943 it mainly served in the reintroduced corps artillery. However, soon after the outbreak of |
In 1940, the RKKA adopted a more modern 107 mm gun, the M-60. Although originally intended - and officially designated - as a divisional gun, in practice the M-60 was never used by rifle divisions; from 1943 it mainly served in the reintroduced corps artillery. However, soon after the outbreak of war, production of the M-60 was stopped. In 1943 another 107 mm gun, the 9S-1, was developed, but it was never adopted, leaving the M1910/30 the last mass production 107 mm piece in Red Army service.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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==Ammunition== |
==Ammunition== |
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The gun fired separately loaded, cased charge ammunition. Two different charges |
The gun fired separately loaded, [[Shell (projectile)#Separate loading cased charge|cased charge]] ammunition. Two different charges – full and reduced – were used. Use of the full charge was prohibited with the muzzle brake removed, or with old [[Shell (projectile)#High-explosive|high-explosive]] ammunition, [[shrapnel shell|shrapnel]] and [[Shell (projectile)#Smoke|smoke]] rounds.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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The explosion of the OF-420 shell, with the [[Fuse (explosives)|fuse]] set to the fragmentation action, resulted in |
The explosion of the OF-420 shell, with the [[Fuse (explosives)|fuse]] set to the fragmentation action, resulted in damage to 90% of targets in the 6 to 14 meters area and to 50% of targets in a 20 to 42 meter area. When the fuse was set to high-explosive action, the shell made a crater 1–1.5 m in diameter and 40–60 cm deep in an average soil.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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The [[Shrapnel shell|shrapnel]] shell contained more than 600 bullets |
The [[Shrapnel shell|shrapnel]] shell contained more than 600 bullets and covered an area about 800 m long and 45–50 m wide.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%" |
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%" |
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| width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Range, m |
| width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Range, m |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" |
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| colspan="6" | Armor |
| colspan="6" | Armor-piercing |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" |
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| style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | APCBC |
| style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | APCBC |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 3,000 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 3,000 |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#ddb;" |
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| colspan="6" | High |
| colspan="6" | High-explosive and fragmentation projectiles |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" |
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| Line 238: | Line 240: | ||
| style="border:1px solid #996" | OH-420 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | OH-420 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 17.2 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 17.2 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 670 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 670 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16,130 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16,130 |
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| Line 245: | Line 247: | ||
| style="border:1px solid #996" | HS-420 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | HS-420 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16.9 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16.9 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 670 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 670 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16,130 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16,130 |
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| Line 252: | Line 254: | ||
| style="border:1px solid #996" | HN-422 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | HN-422 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16.4 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 16.4 |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 580 (reduced charge) |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 580 (reduced charge) |
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| style="border:1px solid #996" | 11,220 |
| style="border:1px solid #996" | 11,220 |
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: |
: |
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: |
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{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%;" |
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%;" |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Commons category |
{{Commons category}} |
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*Ivanov A. - ''Artillery of the USSR in Second World War'' - SPb Neva, 2003 (Иванов А. - Артиллерия СССР во Второй Мировой войне. — СПб., Издательский дом Нева, 2003., ISBN |
*Ivanov A. - ''Artillery of the USSR in Second World War'' - SPb Neva, 2003 (Иванов А. - Артиллерия СССР во Второй Мировой войне. — СПб., Издательский дом Нева, 2003., {{ISBN|5-7654-2731-6}}) |
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*Kolomiets M. - ''The Battle of River Khalkhin-Gol'' - "Frontovaya Illustratsiya" magazine, no. 2, 2002 (М.Коломиец. - Бои у реки Халхин-Гол. - журнал «Фронтовая иллюстрация», |
*Kolomiets M. - ''The Battle of River Khalkhin-Gol'' - "Frontovaya Illustratsiya" magazine, no. 2, 2002 (М.Коломиец. - Бои у реки Халхин-Гол. - журнал «Фронтовая иллюстрация», No. 2, 2002) |
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*Shirokorad A. B. - ''Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery'' - Mn. Harvest, 2000 (Широкорад А. Б. Энциклопедия отечественной артиллерии. — Мн.: Харвест, 2000., ISBN |
*Shirokorad A. B. - ''Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery'' - Mn. Harvest, 2000 (Широкорад А. Б. Энциклопедия отечественной артиллерии. — Мн.: Харвест, 2000., {{ISBN|985-433-703-0}}) |
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*Shirokorad A. B. - ''Northern Wars of Russia'' - M. AST, 2001 (Широкорад А. Б. - Северные войны России. — М., АСТ, 2001. — 848 с., ISBN |
*Shirokorad A. B. - ''Northern Wars of Russia'' - M. AST, 2001 (Широкорад А. Б. - Северные войны России. — М., АСТ, 2001. — 848 с., {{ISBN|5-17-009849-9}}) |
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*Shirokorad A. B. - ''The God of War of The Third Reich'' - M. AST, 2002 (Широкорад А. Б. - Бог войны Третьего рейха. — М.,ООО Издательство АСТ, 2002., ISBN |
*Shirokorad A. B. - ''The God of War of The Third Reich'' - M. AST, 2002 (Широкорад А. Б. - Бог войны Третьего рейха. — М.,ООО Издательство АСТ, 2002., {{ISBN|5-17-015302-3}}) |
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*Shunkov V. N. - ''The Weapons of the Red Army'', Mn. Harvest, 1999 (Шунков В. Н. - Оружие Красной Армии. — Мн.: Харвест, 1999.) ISBN |
*Shunkov V. N. - ''The Weapons of the Red Army'', Mn. Harvest, 1999 (Шунков В. Н. - Оружие Красной Армии. — Мн.: Харвест, 1999.) {{ISBN|985-433-469-4}} |
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*''Military History Journal'', no 5, 2005. |
*''Military History Journal'', no 5, 2005. |
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*''Red Army on 22 June 1941, Statistics'', no 1. |
*''Red Army on 22 June 1941, Statistics'', no 1. |
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{{SovArtyGPW}} |
{{SovArtyGPW}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:107 mm gun M1910 30}} |
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{{Link GA|ru}} |
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[[de:107-mm-Kanone M1910/30]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[ja:M1910/30 107mmカノン砲]] |
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[[Category:Obukhov State Plant products]] |
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[[pl:107 mm armata wz. 1910/30]] |
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[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s]] |
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[[ru:107-мм пушка образца 1910/30 годов]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:22, 13 May 2023
| 107 mm gun M1910/30 | |
|---|---|
 M1910/30 in the Artillery Museum, Saint Petersburg. | |
| Typ | field gun |
| Place of origin | USSR |
| Production history | |
| Designer | KB NTK GAU |
| Manufacturer | Bolshevik, Barrikady |
| Produced | 1931-1935 |
| No. built | 828+ |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Combat: 2,535 kg (5,589 lbs) Travel: 3,000 kg (6,614 lbs) |
| Length | 7.53 metres (24 ft 8 in) |
| Barrel length | Bore: 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in) L/36.6 Overall: 4.05 m (13 ft 3 in) L/38 (without muzzle brake) |
| Width | 2.06 metres (6 ft 9 in) |
| Height | 1.74 metres (5 ft 9 in) |
| Crew | 8 |
| Shell | 106.7 x 420mmR Separate loading charge and projectile |
| Caliber | 106.7 mm (4.21 in) |
| Breech | interrupted screw |
| Recoil | hydro-pneumatic |
| Carriage | box trail |
| Elevation | -5° to 37° |
| Traverse | 6° |
| Rate of fire | 5-6 rounds per minute |
| Effective firing range | 16,130 m (17,640 yds) |
107 mm gun M1910/30 (Russian: 107-мм пушка образца 1910/30 годов, romanized: pushka obraztsa M1910/1930 godov, English: "Cannon Model of 1910 / year of 1930") was a Soviet 106.7 mm field gun.
The gun was based on an artillery piece originally developed by the French arms manufacturer Schneider prior to World War I and used by the Russian Empire as the 107 mm gun M1910. The modernized variant, adopted in 1931, differed from the original design mainly by having a larger chamber and longer barrel, resulting in longer range. The M1910/30 remained in production until the mid-1930s and was employed by the Red Army in World War II, mainly in corps artillery and Reserve of the Main Command units.
A number of captured guns were used by the Wehrmacht.
Development and production
[edit]From the late 1920s the RKKA sought to upgrade its First World War era artillery pieces. One of the modernized weapons was the 107 mm gun M1910, originally designed by the French arms manufacturer Schneider. Modernization projects were submitted by Orudiyno-Arsenalny Trest (OAT) and by the design bureau of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Main Directorate of Artillery (KB NTK GAU). After trials it was decided to adopt the weapon designed by KB NTK GAU, but to fit it with an equilibrating counterweight as used in the OAT project. The modernized weapon was adopted in 1931 as the 107 mm gun M1910/30.[1]
The upgrade included the following:[citation needed]
- The barrel was lengthened by 10 calibers and fitted with a muzzle brake;
- The chamber was lengthened;
- Separate cartridge loading was introduced;
- There were changes in the recuperator, cradle and elevation mechanism.
The weapon was manufactured by the Bolshevik Plant in Leningrad and by the Barrikady Plant in Stalingrad from 1931 until 1935 or later.[1] Additionally, a number of M1910 pieces were upgraded by Bolshevik, No 7, No 13 and KKZ plants.[citation needed]
Description
[edit]
The barrel of the M1910/30 was longer than the original barrel and was fitted with a slotted muzzle brake (which reduced recoil by 25%); in order to balance the barrel, a special weight was fitted to the opposite end of the tube. The breech was of the interrupted screw type. The recoil system, consisting of a hydraulic recoil buffer and a hydro-pneumatic recuperator, was located in a sleigh below the barrel. [citation needed]
The box trail carriage was nearly identical to that of the M1910. It had either unsprung wooden wheels or metal wheels with solid rubber tires. With wooden wheels, the speed of transportation was limited to about 6 km/h. A team of eight horses was needed to tow the gun; another six towed an ammunition box with 42 rounds.[1]
Organization and service
[edit]Red Army
[edit]The M1910/30 guns were issued to corps artillery. In 1941, three variants of corps artillery regiments existed:[citation needed]
- Two battalions of 152 mm howitzer-guns M1937 (ML-20) (24 pieces) and one battalion of 107 mm guns (12 pieces).
- Two battalions of ML-20 (24 pieces) and two battalions of 122 mm guns or 107 mm guns (24 pieces).
- Three battalions of ML-20 (36 pieces).
In September 1941 rifle corps of the RKKA were disbanded, therefore corps level artillery ceased to exist. 107 mm guns were then issued to Reserve of the Main Command units, in 12, 18 or 24-piece gun regiments or 36-piece gun brigades.[citation needed]
When corps level was reintroduced in 1943, most 107 mm pieces were again given to corps artillery. New corps artillery regiments had 16-20 pieces and along with 107 mm guns included 122 mm guns and 152 mm howitzers.[2]
Many 107 mm guns were also used by the independent artillery regiments of fortified regions and by independent battalions and batteries belonging to fronts and armies.[citation needed]
The M1910/30 were used by the Red Army in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, where four pieces were lost.[3] They also saw action in the Winter War (12 pieces in the 7th Army, 24 in the 467th Artillery Regiment of the 8th Army, 12 in the 51st Artillery Regiment of the 9th Army), apparently without losses.[4]
In June 1941, according to different sources, the Red Army possessed 828 (including four belonging to the navy)[5] or 863[1] pieces of this type. 474 107 mm guns, including a limited numbers of the new M-60, belonged to western military districts.[6] Many were lost at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, the RKKA had at least 490 107 mm guns of all models, the majority of them M1910/30;[2] some remained in service until the end of the war.[citation needed]
A surviving piece can be seen in the Artillery Museum in Saint Petersburg.[citation needed]
Wehrmacht
[edit]A number of M1910/30 guns were captured by the Wehrmacht and pressed into service in both field and coastal artillery. In German service, the gun was designated the 10,7 cm K 352(r). In March 1944, the Wehrmacht still possessed 17 pieces, all on the Eastern Front.[7]
Summary
[edit]The modernization of the M1910/30 gave the Red Army a relatively lightweight, reliable corps artillery piece with improved range and a wide array of ammunition. On the other side, it failed to address other drawbacks of the weapon. Because of its unsprung wheels, the M1910/30 was unsuitable for high-speed transportation. A very small traverse of 6 degrees limited the effectiveness of the gun against enemy tanks, despite decent armor penetration.[citation needed]
For the sake of comparison, the standard German 105 mm gun, the 10.5 cm sK 18, surpassed the M1910/30 in range (19 km, or 21 km for a modernized K 18/40), traverse (60 degrees) and transportation speed (up to 40 km/h). This, however, came at a price of a much larger weight of about six tons.[citation needed]
In 1940, the RKKA adopted a more modern 107 mm gun, the M-60. Although originally intended - and officially designated - as a divisional gun, in practice the M-60 was never used by rifle divisions; from 1943 it mainly served in the reintroduced corps artillery. However, soon after the outbreak of war, production of the M-60 was stopped. In 1943 another 107 mm gun, the 9S-1, was developed, but it was never adopted, leaving the M1910/30 the last mass production 107 mm piece in Red Army service.[citation needed]
Ammunition
[edit]The gun fired separately loaded, cased charge ammunition. Two different charges – full and reduced – were used. Use of the full charge was prohibited with the muzzle brake removed, or with old high-explosive ammunition, shrapnel and smoke rounds.[citation needed]
The explosion of the OF-420 shell, with the fuse set to the fragmentation action, resulted in damage to 90% of targets in the 6 to 14 meters area and to 50% of targets in a 20 to 42 meter area. When the fuse was set to high-explosive action, the shell made a crater 1–1.5 m in diameter and 40–60 cm deep in an average soil.[citation needed]
The shrapnel shell contained more than 600 bullets and covered an area about 800 m long and 45–50 m wide.[citation needed]
| Ammunition available[1] | |||||
| Typ | Model | Weight, kg | HE weight, kg | Muzzle velocity, m/s | Range, m |
| Armor-piercing | |||||
| APCBC | B-420 | 18.71 | 0.44 | 655 | 3,000 |
| High-explosive and fragmentation projectiles | |||||
| HE-frag, long range, steel | OF-420 | 17.2 | 2.15 | 670 | 16,130 |
| HE-frag | OF-420U | 17.4 | 2.01 | 670 | 16,130 |
| HE | F-420U | 16.54 | 1.8 | 581 (reduced charge) | 14,150 |
| HE, old | F-422L | 16.41 | 1.56 | 580 (reduced charge) | 11,220 |
| HE, old | F-422K | 16.41 | 1.54 | 580 (reduced charge) | 11,220 |
| HE, old | F-422M | 16.41 | 1.7 | 580 (reduced charge) | 11,220 |
| Shrapnel projectiles | |||||
| Shrapnel with 45 sec tube | Sh-422 | 16.54-17.25 | 0.44 | 579 (reduced charge) | 9,400 |
| Shrapnel with T-6 tube | Sh-422T | 16.44 | 0.44 | 579 (reduced charge) | 10,700 |
| Smoke projectiles | |||||
| Smoke | D-422U | 16.73 | 0.32/1.76 | 580 (reduced charge) | 11,220 |
| Incendiary projectiles | |||||
| Incendiary, with T-6 / T-7 tube | Z-420 | 17.2 | 0.035/1.6 | 670 | 10,800 (15,000) |
| Incendiary, with T-6 / T-7 tube | Z-420 | 16,37 | 0,035/1,6 | 680 | 10,180 (15,260) |
| Chemical projectiles | |||||
| Frag-chemical | OH-420 | 17.2 | 670 | 16,130 | |
| Chemical | HS-420 | 16.9 | 670 | 16,130 | |
| Chemical with "NOV" | HN-422 | 16.4 | 580 (reduced charge) | 11,220 | |
| Chemical with "SOV" | HS-422 | 16.4 | 0.35/1.7 | 580 (reduced charge) | 11,220 |
| Armor penetration table[1] | ||
| APCBC projectile B-420 | ||
| Distance, m | Meet angle 60°, mm | Meet angle 90°, mm |
| 100 | 95 | 117 |
| 250 | 93 | 115 |
| 500 | 90 | 111 |
| 750 | 87 | 107 |
| 1,000 | 84 | 103 |
| 1,500 | 78 | 95 |
| 2,000 | 72 | 89 |
| 2,500 | 67 | 82 |
| 3,000 | 62 | 76 |
| This data was obtained by Soviet methodics of armour penetration measurement (penetration probability 75%). It is not directly comparable with western data of similar type. | ||
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Shirokorad - Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery.
- ^ a b Military History Journal, no 5, 2005.
- ^ Kolomiets - The Battle of River Khalkhin-Gol.
- ^ Shirokorad - Northern Wars of Russia.
- ^ Red Army on 22 June 1941, Statistics, no 1.
- ^ tank.uw.ru.
- ^ Shirokorad - The God of War of The Third Reich.
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 107 mm gun M1910/30.
- Ivanov A. - Artillery of the USSR in Second World War - SPb Neva, 2003 (Иванов А. - Артиллерия СССР во Второй Мировой войне. — СПб., Издательский дом Нева, 2003., ISBN 5-7654-2731-6)
- Kolomiets M. - The Battle of River Khalkhin-Gol - "Frontovaya Illustratsiya" magazine, no. 2, 2002 (М.Коломиец. - Бои у реки Халхин-Гол. - журнал «Фронтовая иллюстрация», No. 2, 2002)
- Shirokorad A. B. - Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery - Mn. Harvest, 2000 (Широкорад А. Б. Энциклопедия отечественной артиллерии. — Мн.: Харвест, 2000., ISBN 985-433-703-0)
- Shirokorad A. B. - Northern Wars of Russia - M. AST, 2001 (Широкорад А. Б. - Северные войны России. — М., АСТ, 2001. — 848 с., ISBN 5-17-009849-9)
- Shirokorad A. B. - The God of War of The Third Reich - M. AST, 2002 (Широкорад А. Б. - Бог войны Третьего рейха. — М.,ООО Издательство АСТ, 2002., ISBN 5-17-015302-3)
- Shunkov V. N. - The Weapons of the Red Army, Mn. Harvest, 1999 (Шунков В. Н. - Оружие Красной Армии. — Мн.: Харвест, 1999.) ISBN 985-433-469-4
- Military History Journal, no 5, 2005.
- Red Army on 22 June 1941, Statistics, no 1.
- Artillery of Western Districts, 1-15 June 1941 at tank.uw.ru
Soviet artillery of World War II (naming convention) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Anti-tank guns |   | |
| Mountain guns | ||
| Regimental guns | ||
| Divisional guns |
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| Corps and army level guns | ||
| Very heavy guns | ||
| Air defense guns | ||