Bowen Island (Jervis Bay): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Cliffs on the southern coast of Bowen Island November 2021.jpg|thumb|250px|Cliffs on the southern coast of Bowen Island]] |
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[[File:Eudyptula minor family exiting burrow.jpg|thumb|right|Little penguins]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Bowen Island''' is a [[sandstone]] island lying {{convert|250|m|yd}} off the tip of the [[Bherwerre Parish|Bherwerre Peninsula]] at the entrance to [[Jervis Bay]], on the coast of [[New South Wales]], Australia. The island, however, is not part of the state of New South Wales but of the [[Jervis Bay Territory]], administered by [[Government of Australia|Australia's federal government]]. It lies within the [[Booderee National Park and Botanic Gardens|Booderee National Park]].<ref name="mp">{{cite book |title=Booderee National Park Management Plan |author=Booderee National Park Board of Management and the Director of National Parks |year=2002 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-54825-0 |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/publications/booderee/pubs/management-plan.pdf }}</ref> In the 1990s it was raised as a prospective site to establish an internment camp for drug users to recover from heroin addiction.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130568363|title=Cold Turkey Island is a dead penguin|date=1995-11-04|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2020-04-21|pages=13}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | '''Bowen Island''' is a [[sandstone]] island lying {{convert|250|m|yd}} off the tip of the [[Bherwerre Parish|Bherwerre Peninsula]] at the entrance to [[Jervis Bay]], on the coast of [[New South Wales]], Australia. The island, however, is not part of the state of New South Wales but of the [[Jervis Bay Territory]], administered by [[Government of Australia|Australia's federal government]]. It lies within the [[Booderee National Park and Botanic Gardens|Booderee National Park]].<ref name="mp">{{cite book |title=Booderee National Park Management Plan |author=Booderee National Park Board of Management and the Director of National Parks |year=2002 |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The island is [[tears|tear]]-shaped, about {{convert|1.1|km|yd}} long north to south, and {{convert|600|m|yd}} wide. It slopes sharply from the cliffs on its eastern, or oceanic, side down to rock platforms at sea level on its west. Much of it is covered by windblown sand supporting, and stabilised by, various vegetation communities.<ref name=mp/> |
The island is [[tears|tear]]-shaped, about {{convert|1.1|km|yd}} long north to south, and {{convert|600|m|yd}} wide. It slopes sharply from the cliffs on its eastern, or oceanic, side down to rock platforms at sea level on its west. Much of it is covered by windblown sand supporting, and stabilised by, various vegetation communities.<ref name=mp/> |
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The island was named after Lieutenant [[Richard Bowen (Royal Navy)|Richard Bowen]] [[Royal Navy|RN]]. Another [[Bowen Island]], in Canada, is named after Richard's eldest brother Rear-Admiral [[James Bowen (Royal Navy officer)|James Bowen]] [[Royal Navy|RN]]. |
The island was named after Lieutenant [[Richard Bowen (Royal Navy)|Richard Bowen]] [[Royal Navy|RN]]. Another [[Bowen Island]], in Canada, is named after Richard's eldest brother Rear-Admiral [[James Bowen (Royal Navy officer)|James Bowen]] [[Royal Navy|RN]]. |
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[[File:Bowen Island from Governor Head (cropped).jpg|thumb|700px|centre|Bowen Island seen from Governor Head, Jervis Bay Territory]] |
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==Birds== |
==Birds== |
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The island, with the waters on its western side, constitutes a special purpose zone intended to protect nesting seabirds and their habitat from disturbance, and is not open to general public access.<ref name="mp" /> Birds nesting on the island include [[sooty oystercatcher]]s and three species of [[shearwater]] ([[little shearwater|little]], [[wedge-tailed shearwater|wedge-tailed]] and [[short-tailed shearwater|short-tailed]]). |
The island, with the waters on its western side, constitutes a special purpose zone intended to protect nesting seabirds and their habitat from disturbance, and is not open to general public access.<ref name="mp" /> Birds nesting on the island include [[sooty oystercatcher]]s and three species of [[shearwater]] ([[little shearwater|little]], [[wedge-tailed shearwater|wedge-tailed]] and [[short-tailed shearwater|short-tailed]]). |
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=== Australian little penguin colony === |
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Bowen Island is home to an important [[little penguin]] [[bird colony|colony]], with some 5000 breeding pairs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/booderee/visitor-activities/birdwatching.html |title=Little Penguin | |
Bowen Island is home to an important [[Eudyptula novaehollandiae| Australian little penguin]] [[bird colony|colony]], with some 5000 breeding pairs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/booderee/visitor-activities/birdwatching.html |title=Little Penguin |access-date=8 September 2012 |work=Booderee National Park: Birdwatching |publisher=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australia |date=23 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825131303/http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/booderee/visitor-activities/birdwatching.html |archive-date=25 August 2012 }}</ref> The population has increased from 1000 breeding pairs in 1979,<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110969781|title = What future for the penguins of Bowen Island?|date = 25 November 1979|access-date = 13 August 2014|newspaper = The Canberra Times|location = Canberra, Australia}}</ref> to 1500 breeding pairs in 1985<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127534493/13763477|title = The Struggle for Bowen Island|last = Susskind|first = Anne|date = 3 November 1985|access-date = 13 August 2014|newspaper = The Canberra Times|location = Canberra, Australia}}</ref> and 2500 breeding pairs in 1993.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126976347|title = Algae threatens Bowen Island penguins|last = Lang|first = Rebecca|date = 15 February 1993|access-date = 13 August 2014|newspaper = The Canberra Times|location = Canberra, Australia}}</ref> In 2012, just over 50 individuals were marked as part of a little penguin research project. DNA samples were also collected and some birds were micro-chipped.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://littlefairypenguin.wordpress.com/2012/10/10/a-weekend-on-bowen-island/|title = A weekend on Bowen Island|date = 10 October 2012|access-date = 13 August 2014|website = Little Penguin research}}</ref> The Bowen Island colony was revisited several times in 2013 with results to be published in a forthcoming PhD thesis.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://littlefairypenguin.wordpress.com/2014/08/05/penguin-project-in-the-making/|title = Penguin project in the making|date = 5 August 2014|access-date = 13 August 2014|website = Little penguin research}}</ref> |
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A description of the island from 1948 warned 'one is apt to trip over penguins if he wanders around at night.'<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article103725415|title = Island Resort|date = 3 March 1948| |
A description of the island from 1948 warned 'one is apt to trip over penguins if he wanders around at night.'<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article103725415|title = Island Resort|date = 3 March 1948|access-date = 13 August 2014|newspaper = Goulburn Evening Post}}</ref> Penguins were known to inhabit the island since at least 1908, when they were described as being present in large numbers.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article107687386|title = Jervis Bay. A Fisherman's Paradise.|date = 25 July 1908|access-date = 13 August 2014|newspaper = The Muswellbrook Chronicle}}</ref> |
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[[File:RAN Jervis Bay.jpg|thumb|700px|centre|Panorama of Jervis Bay with Bowen Island in the central background]] |
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==Coastal defence battery== |
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A coastal defence battery named Bowen Battery was established on the island during [[World War II]] to protect ships anchored in Jervis Bay. A single [[QF 4.7-inch Mk I – IV naval gun|QF 4.7-inch Mk 1]] was emplaced, and a jetty, several buildings, a concrete command and observation post and an underground ammunition magazine were constructed. The gun was elderly and in poor condition after being extensively used in previous roles. It proved to be very inaccurate on the only occasion it was test fired. The battery was probably closed in 1943 as part of a general reduction in coastal defence units in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mercer |first1=Jack |title=Coastal Artillery at Jervis Bay |url=https://artilleryhistory.org/moments_in_history/ww2/fortification_of_jervis_bay/fortification_of_jervis_bay.html |publisher=Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company |access-date=5 December 2021 |date=2011}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Jervis Bay Territory}} |
{{Jervis Bay Territory}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Coord|35|07|06|S|150|46|07|E|display=title}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bowen Island (Jervis Bay)}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bowen Island (Jervis Bay)}} |
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[[Category:Islands of Australia]] |
[[Category:Islands of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Seabird colonies]] |
[[Category:Seabird colonies]] |
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[[Category:Penguin colonies]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:31, 28 May 2023
Bowen Island is a sandstone island lying 250 metres (270 yd) off the tip of the Bherwerre Peninsula at the entrance to Jervis Bay, on the coast of New South Wales, Australia. The island, however, is not part of the state of New South Wales but of the Jervis Bay Territory, administered by Australia's federal government. It lies within the Booderee National Park.[1] In the 1990s it was raised as a prospective site to establish an internment camp for drug users to recover from heroin addiction.[2]
Description
[edit]The island is tear-shaped, about 1.1 kilometres (1,200 yd) long north to south, and 600 metres (660 yd) wide. It slopes sharply from the cliffs on its eastern, or oceanic, side down to rock platforms at sea level on its west. Much of it is covered by windblown sand supporting, and stabilised by, various vegetation communities.[1] The island was named after Lieutenant Richard Bowen RN. Another Bowen Island, in Canada, is named after Richard's eldest brother Rear-Admiral James Bowen RN.
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Birds
[edit]The island, with the waters on its western side, constitutes a special purpose zone intended to protect nesting seabirds and their habitat from disturbance, and is not open to general public access.[1] Birds nesting on the island include sooty oystercatchers and three species of shearwater (little, wedge-tailed and short-tailed).
Australian little penguin colony
[edit]Bowen Island is home to an important Australian little penguin colony, with some 5000 breeding pairs.[3] The population has increased from 1000 breeding pairs in 1979,[4] to 1500 breeding pairs in 1985[5] and 2500 breeding pairs in 1993.[6] In 2012, just over 50 individuals were marked as part of a little penguin research project. DNA samples were also collected and some birds were micro-chipped.[7] The Bowen Island colony was revisited several times in 2013 with results to be published in a forthcoming PhD thesis.[8]
A description of the island from 1948 warned 'one is apt to trip over penguins if he wanders around at night.'[9] Penguins were known to inhabit the island since at least 1908, when they were described as being present in large numbers.[10]
Coastal defence battery
[edit]A coastal defence battery named Bowen Battery was established on the island during World War II to protect ships anchored in Jervis Bay. A single QF 4.7-inch Mk 1 was emplaced, and a jetty, several buildings, a concrete command and observation post and an underground ammunition magazine were constructed. The gun was elderly and in poor condition after being extensively used in previous roles. It proved to be very inaccurate on the only occasion it was test fired. The battery was probably closed in 1943 as part of a general reduction in coastal defence units in Australia.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Booderee National Park Board of Management and the Director of National Parks (2002). Booderee National Park Management Plan (PDF). Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN 0-642-54825-0.
- ^ "Cold Turkey Island is a dead penguin". Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995). 4 November 1995. p. 13. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ "Little Penguin". Booderee National Park: Birdwatching. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australia. 23 May 2012. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ "What future for the penguins of Bowen Island?". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australia. 25 November 1979. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ Susskind, Anne (3 November 1985). "The Struggle for Bowen Island". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australia. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ Lang, Rebecca (15 February 1993). "Algae threatens Bowen Island penguins". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australia. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ "A weekend on Bowen Island". Little Penguin research. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ "Penguin project in the making". Little penguin research. 5 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ "Island Resort". Goulburn Evening Post. 3 March 1948. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ "Jervis Bay. A Fisherman's Paradise". The Muswellbrook Chronicle. 25 July 1908. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ Mercer, Jack (2011). "Coastal Artillery at Jervis Bay". Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
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