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{{Short description|Geomorphic unit covering northern Sweden}}
[[File:Sverigekarta-Norrland borders2.svg|200px|thumb|right|The purple line marks a version of the southern boundary of the Norrland Terrain.]]
[[File:Sverigekarta-Norrland borders2.svg|150px|thumb|right|The purple line marks a version of the southern boundary of the Norrland Terrain.]]
'''Norrland terrain''' ({{lang-sv|link=no|Norrlandsterräng}}) is a [[Geomorphology|geomorphic]] unit covering the bulk of [[Norrland]] and the northwestern half [[Svealand]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=De Geer |first=Sten |author-link=Sten De Geer|date=1926 |title=Norra Sveriges landforms-regioner |url= |language=Swedish |journal=[[Geografiska Annaler]] |publisher=Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography |volume=8 |issue= |pages=125–136 |doi= |access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref> Except for [[The High Coast]] the coastal areas of Norrland do not belong to the Norrland Terrain.<ref name=Karna/> [[Karna Lidmar-Bergström]] categorizes the Norrland Terrain into the following clases:<ref name=Karna>{{cite journal |last=Lidmar-Bergströrm |first=Karna |author-link=Karna Lidmar-Bergström|date=1995 |title=Relief and saprolites trough time on the Baltic Shield |url= |journal=[[Geomorphology (journal)|Geomorphology]] |publisher=Elsevier |volume=12 |issue= |pages=45–61 |doi= |access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref>
'''Norrland terrain''' ({{lang-sv|link=no|Norrlandsterräng}}) is a [[Geomorphology|geomorphic]] unit covering the bulk of [[Norrland]] and the northwestern half of [[Svealand]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=De Geer |first=Sten |author-link=Sten De Geer|date=1926 |title=Norra Sveriges landforms-regioner |language=sv |journal=[[Geografiska Annaler]] |publisher=Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography |volume=8 |pages=125–136 }}</ref> Except for [[High Coast|The High Coast]] the coastal areas of Norrland do not belong to the Norrland terrain.<ref name=Karna/> The southern and eastern boundary of the Norrland terrain is made up of [[fault (geology)|geological faults]] that disrupt the [[Sub-Cambrian peneplain]] found the lowlands.<ref name=Karna1996longterm/> In some locations these faults have been extensively eroded making the Norrland terrain boundary partly a result of erosion.<ref name=Karna1996longterm>{{cite journal |last=Lidmar-Bergströrm |first=Karna |author-link=Karna Lidmar-Bergström|date=1996 |title=Long term morphotectonic evolution in Sweden |journal=[[Geomorphology (journal)|Geomorphology]] |publisher=Elsevier |volume=16 |pages=33–59 }}</ref> [[Karna Lidmar-Bergström]] categorizes the Norrland Terrain into the following classes:<ref name=Karna>{{cite journal |last=Lidmar-Bergströrm |first=Karna |author-link=Karna Lidmar-Bergström|date=1995 |title=Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield |journal=[[Geomorphology (journal)|Geomorphology]] |publisher=Elsevier |volume=12 |pages=45–61 }}</ref>
⚫
#Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 [[m.a.s.l.]]
#Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 [[m.a.s.l.]]{{refn|name=note 1|group=note|Geographer [[Anders Rapp]] do however exclude the [[Scandinavian Mountains]] from the terrain.<ref name=Naten>{{cite web |url=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/norrlandsterr%C3%A4ng |title=norrlandsterräng |last=Rapp |first=Anders |author-link=Anders Rapp |website=[[Nationalencyklopedin]] |publisher=Cydonia Development |access-date=November 22, 2021 |language=sv}}</ref>}}
#Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden<ref group="note">"Plains with residual hills", "[[Monadrock]] plain" or "[[Inselberg]] plain" are translations of the original Swedish term "Bergkullsslätt".</ref>
#[[Muddus plains|Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden]]<ref group="note">"Plains with residual hills", "[[Monadnock]] plain" or "[[Inselberg]] plain" are translations of the original Swedish term "Bergkullsslätt". Another name for these surfaces in northern Sweden is [[Muddus plains]].</ref>
#Undulating hilly land of [[Övertorneå]]/[[Överkalix]]<ref group="note">"Undulating hilly land" is a translation of the original Swedish name "Bergkullsterräng" or "Bergkullsland".</ref>
#Undulating hilly land of [[Övertorneå]]/[[Överkalix]]<ref group="note">"Undulating hilly land" is a translation of the original Swedish name "Bergkullsterräng" or "Bergkullsland".</ref>
#Undulating hilly land of [[Boden, Sweden|Boden area]]
#Undulating hilly land of [[Boden, Sweden|Boden area]]
#Large scale joint valley landscapes<ref group="note">"Large scale joint valley landscape" is a translation of the original Swedish term "Storskalig sprickdalslandskap". Sprickdalslandskap is itself a renaming of the earlier concept "Rutplatåland" (Square plateau land).</ref>
#[[Joint valley landscape|Large scale joint valley landscapes]]<ref group="note">"Large scale joint valley landscape" is a translation of the original Swedish term "Storskalig sprickdalslandskap". Sprickdalslandskap is itself a renaming of the earlier concept "Rutplatåland" (Square plateau land).</ref>
#Plains with residual hills of [[Dalarna]]
#Plains with residual hills of [[Dalarna]]
#Undulanting hilly land of Central Sweden
#Undulating hilly land of central Sweden


==Phytogeography and soils==
From the south the entrance to the Norrland Terrain is not only seen in the relief but in the vast and contiguous [[Taiga|boreal forests]] that extend north of it.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sporrong |first=Ulf |chapter=The Scandinavian landscape and its resources |editor-last=Helle |editor-first=Knut|date=2003 |title=The Cambridge History of Scandinavia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issue=1 |pages=22 }}</ref> [[Till]] and [[peat]] are the overwhelmingly commonest [[soil type]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lundqvist |first=Magnus |last2=Lundqvist |first2=Jan |last3=Rystedt |first3=Gunnar |last4=Malmer |first4=Nils|last5=Ulfstrand |first5=Staffan |last6=Behrens |first6=Sven |last7=Fries |first7=Jöran |last8=Larsson |first8=Erik |last9=Segnestam |first9=Mats |last10=Landell |first10=Mils-Erik |last11=Persson |first11=Göran |last12=Rosén |first12=Bo |author-link2=Jan Lundqvist |authorlink1=Magnus Lundqvist | chapter=Landskapet date=1969 |title=Det Moderna Sverige |publisher=[[Bonniers]] |issue= |pages=64–67 |language=Swedish}}</ref>
From the south the entrance to the Norrland terrain is not only seen in the relief but in the vast and contiguous [[Taiga|boreal forests]] that extend north of it.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sporrong |first=Ulf |chapter=The Scandinavian landscape and its resources |editor-last=Helle |editor-first=Knut|date=2003 |title=The Cambridge History of Scandinavia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issue=1 |pages=22 }}</ref> These forests are known in Sweden as Norra barrskogsregionen (lit. the northern conifer forest region). The southern boundary of the Norrland terrain was identified as a major phytogeographical boundary by [[Rutger Sernander]]. For example, the boundary coincides with the northernmost extension of natural grown [[oak]]s. The phytogeographical boundary is not fully sharp as valleys of the Norrland terrain constitute transition zones for vegetation.<ref name=NatenGotlandterrang>{{cite web |url=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/gotland |title=Norrlandsgränsen |website=[[Nationalencyklopedin]] |publisher=Cydonia Development |access-date=December 12, 2017 |language=sv}}</ref> [[Till]] and [[peat]] are the overwhelmingly commonest [[soil type]]s.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Lundqvist |editor-first=Magnus |last1=Lundqvist |first1=Jan |author-link=Jan Lundqvist |editor-link=Magnus Lundqvist | chapter=Landskapet| date=1969 |title=Det Moderna Sverige |publisher=[[Bonniers]] |pages=64–67 |language=sv}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
⚫
File:Abisko_alps.JPG|Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l. at the [[Abisko|Abisko Alps]], Lappland
File:Jokkmokk utsikt från Storknabben.JPG|Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden at [[Jokkmokk]], Lappland
File:Häggvik High Coast.JPG|Large scale joint valley landscape at [[The High Coast]], Ångermanland
File:Gustafs från ovan (5).JPG|Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden seen at [[Säter Municipality]], Dalarna
File:Aerial view of Hagfors, Sweden.JPG|Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden at [[Hagfors]], Värmland
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Central Swedish lowland]]
*[[South Swedish highlands]]
*[[Sub-Cambrian peneplain]]
*[[Sub-Cambrian peneplain]]


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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{coord missing|Sweden}}
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[[Category:Landforms of Sweden]]



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[[Category:Geography of Sweden]]
{{geomorph-stub}}
[[Category:Norrland|Terrain]]

Latest revision as of 22:03, 5 June 2023

The purple line marks a version of the southern boundary of the Norrland Terrain.

Norrland terrain (Swedish: Norrlandsterräng) is a geomorphic unit covering the bulk of Norrland and the northwestern half of Svealand.[1] Except for The High Coast the coastal areas of Norrland do not belong to the Norrland terrain.[2] The southern and eastern boundary of the Norrland terrain is made up of geological faults that disrupt the Sub-Cambrian peneplain found the lowlands.[3] In some locations these faults have been extensively eroded making the Norrland terrain boundary partly a result of erosion.[3] Karna Lidmar-Bergström categorizes the Norrland Terrain into the following classes:[2]

  1. Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l.[note 1]
  2. Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden[note 2]
  3. Undulating hilly land of Övertorneå/Överkalix[note 3]
  4. Undulating hilly land of Boden area
  5. Large scale joint valley landscapes[note 4]
  6. Plains with residual hills of Dalarna
  7. Undulating hilly land of central Sweden

Phytogeography and soils

[edit]

From the south the entrance to the Norrland terrain is not only seen in the relief but in the vast and contiguous boreal forests that extend north of it.[5] These forests are known in Sweden as Norra barrskogsregionen (lit. the northern conifer forest region). The southern boundary of the Norrland terrain was identified as a major phytogeographical boundary by Rutger Sernander. For example, the boundary coincides with the northernmost extension of natural grown oaks. The phytogeographical boundary is not fully sharp as valleys of the Norrland terrain constitute transition zones for vegetation.[6] Till and peat are the overwhelmingly commonest soil types.[7]

[edit]
  • Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l. at the Abisko Alps, Lappland
    Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l. at the Abisko Alps, Lappland
  • Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden at Jokkmokk, Lappland
    Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden at Jokkmokk, Lappland
  • Large scale joint valley landscape at The High Coast, Ångermanland
    Large scale joint valley landscape at The High Coast, Ångermanland
  • Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden seen at Säter Municipality, Dalarna
    Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden seen at Säter Municipality, Dalarna
  • Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden at Hagfors, Värmland
    Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden at Hagfors, Värmland

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Geographer Anders Rapp do however exclude the Scandinavian Mountains from the terrain.[4]
  2. ^ "Plains with residual hills", "Monadnock plain" or "Inselberg plain" are translations of the original Swedish term "Bergkullsslätt". Another name for these surfaces in northern Sweden is Muddus plains.
  3. ^ "Undulating hilly land" is a translation of the original Swedish name "Bergkullsterräng" or "Bergkullsland".
  4. ^ "Large scale joint valley landscape" is a translation of the original Swedish term "Storskalig sprickdalslandskap". Sprickdalslandskap is itself a renaming of the earlier concept "Rutplatåland" (Square plateau land).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ De Geer, Sten (1926). "Norra Sveriges landforms-regioner". Geografiska Annaler (in Swedish). 8. Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography: 125–136.
  2. ^ a b Lidmar-Bergströrm, Karna (1995). "Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield". Geomorphology. 12. Elsevier: 45–61.
  3. ^ a b Lidmar-Bergströrm, Karna (1996). "Long term morphotectonic evolution in Sweden". Geomorphology. 16. Elsevier: 33–59.
  4. ^ Rapp, Anders. "norrlandsterräng". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Cydonia Development. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
  5. ^ Sporrong, Ulf (2003). "The Scandinavian landscape and its resources". In Helle, Knut (ed.). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
  6. ^ "Norrlandsgränsen". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Cydonia Development. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  7. ^ Lundqvist, Jan (1969). "Landskapet". In Lundqvist, Magnus (ed.). Det Moderna Sverige (in Swedish). Bonniers. pp. 64–67.

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