Geoffrey II of Villehardouin: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox monarch |
{{Infobox monarch |
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| name =Geoffrey II<br>{{lang|fr| |
| name = Geoffrey II<br>{{lang|fr|Geoffroi II}} |
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| title =[[Prince of Achaea]] |
| title = [[Prince of Achaea]] |
||
| image= |
| image = Coat of arms of the Principality of Achaea.svg |
||
| caption =Coat of Arms of the [[Principality of Achaea]] |
| caption = Coat of Arms of the [[Principality of Achaea]] |
||
| reign =''c.'' 1229-1246 |
| reign = ''c.'' 1229-1246 |
||
| predecessor =[[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin|Geoffrey I]] |
| predecessor = [[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin|Geoffrey I]] |
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| successor =[[William II Villehardouin|William II]] |
| successor = [[William II Villehardouin|William II]] |
||
| |
| spouse = Agnes of Courtenay |
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| issue =''None'' |
| issue = ''None'' |
||
| father =[[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin|Geoffrey I]] |
| father = [[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin|Geoffrey I]] |
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| mother = Elisabeth of Chappes |
| mother = Elisabeth of Chappes |
||
| dynasty =Villehardouin |
| dynasty = Villehardouin |
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| birth_date =''c.'' |
| birth_date = ''c.'' 1195 |
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| birth_place =''Unknown'' |
| birth_place =''Unknown'' |
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| death_date =after May 6, 1246 |
| death_date = after May 6, 1246 |
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| death_place =''Unknown'' |
| death_place = ''Unknown'' |
||
| place of burial |
| place of burial= Church of St James, Andravida |
||
|}} |
|}} |
||
'''Geoffrey II of Villehardouin''' ({{lang-fr|Geoffroi de Villehardouin}}) (''c.'' |
'''Geoffrey II of Villehardouin''' ({{lang-fr|Geoffroi II de Villehardouin}}) (''c.'' 1195- after May 6, 1246) was the third [[prince of Achaea]] (''c.'' 1229-1246).<ref name='Longnon 242'>Longnon 1969, p. 242.</ref> From his accession to the princely throne, he was a powerful and respected person, and even [[France|French]] [[knight]]s came to the principality to enter his service.<ref name="Setton 56"/> Geoffrey II emerged as the most powerful vassal of the [[Latin Empire of Constantinople]], the person around whom the [[Crusades|crusader]]s' states in modern [[Greece]] gradually regrouped themselves.<ref name='Longnon 242'/> He came to the rescue of the imperial capital three times.<ref name='Longnon 242'/> As a reward of his services to the Latin Empire, he was granted suzerainty over the island of [[Euboea]] by his brother-in-law, Emperor [[Baldwin II of Constantinople]] (1228–1261).<ref name='Longnon 242'/><ref name='Fine 614'>Fine 1994, p. 614.</ref> He was also a humane prince, benevolent and just, solicitous for the condition of the common people.<ref name='Longnon 243'>Longnon 1969, p. 243.</ref> |
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== Early years == |
== Early years == |
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Geoffrey was born as the eldest son of [[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin|Geoffrey of Villehardouin]], a French knight from [[Champagne, France|Champagne]] and his wife, Elisabeth of Chappes. |
Geoffrey was born as the eldest son of [[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin|Geoffrey of Villehardouin]], a French knight from [[Champagne, France|Champagne]] and his wife, Elisabeth of Chappes. His father joined the [[Fourth Crusade]] in 1199, later conquered a significant part of the [[Peloponnese]] and seized the throne of the Principality of Achaea following the death of its first prince, [[William of Champlitte|William I]] (1205–1209).<ref>Fine 1994, pp. 69-72.</ref> |
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The new prince summoned his wife from Champagne during the early period of his residence in the Peloponnese.<ref>Setton 1976, p. 49.</ref> She came with their young son, Geoffrey and the family took up its residence in the castles of [[Sparta|La Crémonie]] (now Sparta, Greece) and [[Kalamata]].<ref>Setton 1976, p. 49-50.</ref> |
The new prince summoned his wife from Champagne during the early period of his residence in the Peloponnese.<ref>Setton 1976, p. 49.</ref> She came with their young son, Geoffrey and the family took up its residence in the castles of [[Sparta|La Crémonie]] (now Sparta, Greece) and [[Kalamata]].<ref>Setton 1976, p. 49-50.</ref> |
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== His reign == |
== His reign == |
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Geoffrey II succeeded his father at the age of about 35.<ref name='Longnon 242'/> He lived in a noble style, keeping always at his court 80 knights with golden spurs, supported on his bounty.<ref name='Longnon 242'/> |
Geoffrey II succeeded his father at the age of about 35.<ref name='Longnon 242'/> He lived in a noble style, keeping always at his court 80 knights with golden spurs, supported on his bounty.<ref name='Longnon 242'/> |
||
He began his reign during a very critical period in the history of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, because the fall of the [[Kingdom of Thessalonica]] in 1224 had interposed formidable enemies between the capital of the empire on the one hand and the |
He began his reign during a very critical period in the history of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, because the fall of the [[Kingdom of Thessalonica]] in 1224 had interposed formidable enemies between the capital of the empire on the one hand and the crusaders' states in the Peloponnese on the other.<ref name='Setton 56'>Setton 1976, p. 56.</ref><ref>Fine 1994, p. 119.</ref> But the defeat of Emperor [[Theodore Komnenos Doukas]] of Thessalonica (''c.'' 1225-1230) by Tzar [[Ivan Asen II]] of Bulgaria (1218–1241) [[Battle of Klokotnitsa|at Klokotnitza in April, 1230]] freed them from the dangers inherent in the great concentration of power in the hand of Theodore Komnenos Doukas.<ref name='Setton 56'/><ref>Fine 1994, pp. 120., 614., 616.</ref> |
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Living on good terms with his [[Greeks|Greek]] neighbors, Geoffrey II assured the peace and prosperity of his principality.<ref name='Longnon 243'/><ref>Fine 1994, p. 122.</ref> He frequently sent investigators to the courts of the barons to inform him of their way of life and of the manner in which they treated their vassals.<ref name='Longnon 243'/> |
Living on good terms with his [[Greeks|Greek]] neighbors, Geoffrey II assured the peace and prosperity of his principality.<ref name='Longnon 243'/><ref>Fine 1994, p. 122.</ref> He frequently sent investigators to the courts of the barons to inform him of their way of life and of the manner in which they treated their vassals.<ref name='Longnon 243'/> |
||
His resources permitted him to send financial aid to his liege lord Emperor [[John of Brienne|John I of Constantinople]] (1231–1237).<ref name='Fine 614'/><ref name='Longnon 243'/> In 1236 he intervened in person to succor Constantinople, besieged by the forces of the Greek Emperor [[John III Vatatzes]] of Nicaea (1222–1254).<ref name='Longnon 243'/><ref>Fine 1994, p. 613.</ref> With a fleet manned by 100 knights, 300 crossbow-men, and 500 archers, he forced the blockade and then, in conjunction with the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]], [[Republic of Pisa|Pisans]], and [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]], repulsed the Greek fleet and delivered the capital.<ref name='Longnon 243'/> In the same year, Count Maio I Orsini of Cephalonia (1194–1238) placed himself under Geoffrey |
His resources permitted him to send financial aid to his liege lord Emperor [[John of Brienne|John I of Constantinople]] (1231–1237).<ref name='Fine 614'/><ref name='Longnon 243'/> In 1236 he intervened in person to succor Constantinople, besieged by the forces of the Greek Emperor [[John III Vatatzes]] of Nicaea (1222–1254).<ref name='Longnon 243'/><ref>Fine 1994, p. 613.</ref> With a fleet manned by 100 knights, 300 crossbow-men, and 500 archers, he forced the blockade and then, in conjunction with the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]], [[Republic of Pisa|Pisans]], and [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]], repulsed the Greek fleet and delivered the capital.<ref name='Longnon 243'/> In the same year, Count Maio I Orsini of Cephalonia (1194–1238) placed himself under Geoffrey II's suzerainty.<ref>Longnon 1969, pp. 243., 846-847.</ref> In July 1237 he gave the [[Teutonic Knights]] a hospital in Andravida.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} |
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In 1238, uniting his ships with those of Venice, he again came to the rescue of Constantinople, once more besieged by the [[emperor of Nicaea]].<ref name='Longnon 243'/> In the following year, Geoffrey II wished to take part in the crusade of his overlord of France, Count [[Theobald I of Navarre|Theobald IV of Champagne]] (1201–1253), but [[Pope Gregory IX]] ordered him to turn his forces against the Greek emperor in order to ensure the safety of Constantinople.<ref name='Longnon 243'/> On February 9, 1240, the pope granted him an indulgence to the effect that the vow he had made of going as a crusader to the [[Holy Land]] might be fulfilled, with all benefits, by rendering continued assistance to the beleaguered Latin Empire.<ref>Setton 1976, p. 63.</ref> |
In 1238, uniting his ships with those of Venice, he again came to the rescue of Constantinople, once more besieged by the [[emperor of Nicaea]].<ref name='Longnon 243'/> In the following year, Geoffrey II wished to take part in the crusade of his overlord of France, Count [[Theobald I of Navarre|Theobald IV of Champagne]] (1201–1253), but [[Pope Gregory IX]] ordered him to turn his forces against the Greek emperor in order to ensure the safety of Constantinople.<ref name='Longnon 243'/> On February 9, 1240, the pope granted him an indulgence to the effect that the vow he had made of going as a crusader to the [[Holy Land]] might be fulfilled, with all benefits, by rendering continued assistance to the beleaguered Latin Empire.<ref>Setton 1976, p. 63.</ref> |
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In 1243, upon the false rumor of the death of his brother-in-law, Emperor [[Baldwin II of Constantinople]] (1228–1261), Geoffrey II returned to the capital of the empire in order to secure the regency during the minority of his |
In 1243, upon the false rumor of the death of his brother-in-law, Emperor [[Baldwin II of Constantinople]] (1228–1261), Geoffrey II returned to the capital of the empire in order to secure the regency during the minority of his wife's nephew, [[Philip of Courtenay|Philip]].<ref name='Fine 614'/><ref name='Longnon 243'/> |
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Geoffrey II died in 1246 and was buried in his capital, [[Andravida]], in the church of the monastery of St. Jacob. |
Geoffrey II died in 1246 and was buried in his capital, [[Andravida]], in the church of the monastery of St. Jacob. |
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== |
==Footnotes== |
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==See also== |
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*[[Principality of Achaea]] |
*[[Principality of Achaea]] |
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*[[Chronicle of Morea]] |
*[[Chronicle of Morea]] |
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== |
==References== |
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* {{La Morée franque}} |
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*Fine, John V. A. (1994). ''The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest''. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. |
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* {{The Late Medieval Balkans}} |
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*Longnon, Jean (1969). ''The Frankish States in Greece, 1204-1311''. ''In:'' Setton, Kenneth M.; Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (1969); ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311''; The University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-04844-6. |
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* {{Setton-A History of the Crusades | volume = 2 | chapter = The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311 | pages = 234–275 | last = Longnon | first = Jean | chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=History.CrusTwo.i0021&id=History.CrusTwo }} |
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*Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). ''The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries''. The American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-114-0. |
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* {{The Papacy and the Levant | volume = 1}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[ |
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2850425 Finley jr, John H.: ''Corinth in the Middle Ages.'' Speculum, Vol. 7, No. 4. 1932, pp. 477-499.] |
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*[ |
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/623369 Tozer, H. F.: ''The Franks in the Peloponnese.'' The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 4. (1883), pp. 165-236.] |
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{{Princes of Achaea}} |
{{Princes of Achaea}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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|name= Geoffrey 02 Of Villehardouin |
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|alternative names= |
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|short description= |
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|date of birth= 1195 |
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|place of birth= ''Unknown'' |
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|date of death= May 6, 1246 |
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|place of death= ''Unknown'' |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Geoffrey 02 Of Villehardouin}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Geoffrey 02 Of Villehardouin}} |
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[[Category:1195 births]] |
[[Category:1195 births]] |
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[[Category:1246 deaths]] |
[[Category:1246 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Christians of the Crusades]] |
[[Category:Christians of the Crusades]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Villehardouin family]] |
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[[Category:Princes of Achaea]] |
[[Category:Princes of Achaea]] |
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[[Category:Burials at the Church and Hospice of St. James (Andravida)]] |
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[[Category:13th-century people from the Principality of Achaea]] |
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{{Link GA|es}} |
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[[ca:Jofre II d'Acaia]] |
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[[de:Gottfried II. von Villehardouin]] |
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[[el:Γοδεφρείδος Β΄ Βιλλεαρδουίνος]] |
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[[es:Godofredo II de Villehardouin]] |
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[[fr:Geoffroy II d'Achaïe]] |
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[[it:Goffredo II di Villehardouin]] |
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[[nl:Godfried II van Villehardouin]] |
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[[ja:ジョフロワ2世・ド・ヴィルアルドゥアン]] |
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[[pl:Gotfryd II Villehardouin]] |
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[[ru:Жоффруа II де Виллардуэн]] |
Latest revision as of 00:39, 14 June 2023
Geoffrey II Geoffroi II | |
---|---|
Prince of Achaea | |
![]() Coat of Arms of the Principality of Achaea | |
Reign | c. 1229-1246 |
Predecessor | Geoffrey I |
Successor | William II |
Born | c. 1195 Unknown |
Died | after May 6, 1246 Unknown |
Burial | Church of St James, Andravida |
Spouse | Agnes of Courtenay |
Issue | None |
Dynasty | Villehardouin |
Father | Geoffrey I |
Mother | Elisabeth of Chappes |
Geoffrey II of Villehardouin (French: Geoffroi II de Villehardouin) (c. 1195- after May 6, 1246) was the third prince of Achaea (c. 1229-1246).[1] From his accession to the princely throne, he was a powerful and respected person, and even French knights came to the principality to enter his service.[2] Geoffrey II emerged as the most powerful vassal of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, the person around whom the crusaders' states in modern Greece gradually regrouped themselves.[1] He came to the rescue of the imperial capital three times.[1] As a reward of his services to the Latin Empire, he was granted suzerainty over the island of Euboea by his brother-in-law, Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople (1228–1261).[1][3] He was also a humane prince, benevolent and just, solicitous for the condition of the common people.[4]
Early years
[edit]Geoffrey was born as the eldest son of Geoffrey of Villehardouin, a French knight from Champagne and his wife, Elisabeth of Chappes. His father joined the Fourth Crusade in 1199, later conquered a significant part of the Peloponnese and seized the throne of the Principality of Achaea following the death of its first prince, William I (1205–1209).[5]
The new prince summoned his wife from Champagne during the early period of his residence in the Peloponnese.[6] She came with their young son, Geoffrey and the family took up its residence in the castles of La Crémonie (now Sparta, Greece) and Kalamata.[7]
In 1217 the young Geoffrey married Agnes, the daughter of Emperor Peter I of Constantinople (1217).[1][3]
His reign
[edit]Geoffrey II succeeded his father at the age of about 35.[1] He lived in a noble style, keeping always at his court 80 knights with golden spurs, supported on his bounty.[1]
He began his reign during a very critical period in the history of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, because the fall of the Kingdom of Thessalonica in 1224 had interposed formidable enemies between the capital of the empire on the one hand and the crusaders' states in the Peloponnese on the other.[2][8] But the defeat of Emperor Theodore Komnenos Doukas of Thessalonica (c. 1225-1230) by Tzar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria (1218–1241) at Klokotnitza in April, 1230 freed them from the dangers inherent in the great concentration of power in the hand of Theodore Komnenos Doukas.[2][9]
Living on good terms with his Greek neighbors, Geoffrey II assured the peace and prosperity of his principality.[4][10] He frequently sent investigators to the courts of the barons to inform him of their way of life and of the manner in which they treated their vassals.[4]
His resources permitted him to send financial aid to his liege lord Emperor John I of Constantinople (1231–1237).[3][4] In 1236 he intervened in person to succor Constantinople, besieged by the forces of the Greek Emperor John III Vatatzes of Nicaea (1222–1254).[4][11] With a fleet manned by 100 knights, 300 crossbow-men, and 500 archers, he forced the blockade and then, in conjunction with the Venetians, Pisans, and Genoese, repulsed the Greek fleet and delivered the capital.[4] In the same year, Count Maio I Orsini of Cephalonia (1194–1238) placed himself under Geoffrey II's suzerainty.[12] In July 1237 he gave the Teutonic Knights a hospital in Andravida.[citation needed]
In 1238, uniting his ships with those of Venice, he again came to the rescue of Constantinople, once more besieged by the emperor of Nicaea.[4] In the following year, Geoffrey II wished to take part in the crusade of his overlord of France, Count Theobald IV of Champagne (1201–1253), but Pope Gregory IX ordered him to turn his forces against the Greek emperor in order to ensure the safety of Constantinople.[4] On February 9, 1240, the pope granted him an indulgence to the effect that the vow he had made of going as a crusader to the Holy Land might be fulfilled, with all benefits, by rendering continued assistance to the beleaguered Latin Empire.[13]
In 1243, upon the false rumor of the death of his brother-in-law, Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople (1228–1261), Geoffrey II returned to the capital of the empire in order to secure the regency during the minority of his wife's nephew, Philip.[3][4]
Geoffrey II died in 1246 and was buried in his capital, Andravida, in the church of the monastery of St. Jacob.
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Longnon 1969, p. 242.
- ^ a b c Setton 1976, p. 56.
- ^ a b c d Fine 1994, p. 614.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Longnon 1969, p. 243.
- ^ Fine 1994, pp. 69-72.
- ^ Setton 1976, p. 49.
- ^ Setton 1976, p. 49-50.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 119.
- ^ Fine 1994, pp. 120., 614., 616.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 122.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 613.
- ^ Longnon 1969, pp. 243., 846-847.
- ^ Setton 1976, p. 63.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe [The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea] (in French). Paris: De Boccard. OCLC 869621129.
- Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- Longnon, Jean (1969) [1962]. "The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311 (Second ed.). Madison, Milwaukee, and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 234–275. ISBN 0-299-04844-6.
- Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-114-0.