HMS Hogue (1900): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|1900 Cressy-class armored cruiser}} |
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{{other ships|HMS Hogue}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}} |
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|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Hogue.jpg|300px]] |
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{{Use British English|date=January 2017}} |
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|Ship caption=HMS ''Hogue'' |
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{{Good article}} |
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}} |
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|Ship image=HMS Hogue.jpg |
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|Ship image size=300px |
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|Ship caption=''Hogue'' at anchor |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox ship career |
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|Ship country= |
|Ship country=United Kingdom |
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|Ship flag= |
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}} |
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|Ship class= |
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|Ship name=HMS ''Hogue'' |
|Ship name=HMS ''Hogue'' |
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|Ship namesake=[[Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue|Battle of La Hogue]] |
|Ship namesake=[[Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue|Battle of La Hogue]] |
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|Ship ordered= |
|Ship ordered= |
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|Ship awarded= |
|Ship awarded= |
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|Ship builder=Vickers |
|Ship builder=[[Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd|Vickers, Sons & Maxim]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]] |
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|Ship laid down= |
|Ship laid down=14 July 1898 |
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|Ship launched=13 August 1900 |
|Ship launched=13 August 1900 |
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|Ship completed=October 1902 |
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|Ship commissioned= |
|Ship commissioned=19 November 1902 |
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|Ship in service= |
|Ship in service= |
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|Ship out of service= |
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|Ship fate=Sunk by [[SM U-9|''U-9'']], 22 September 1914 |
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|Ship fate=Sunk by [[Unterseeboot 9 (1910)|''U-9'']], 22 September 1914 |
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{{Infobox Ship Characteristics |
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|Ship displacement={{convert|12000|LT|t|lk=on|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship length={{convert|472|ft|m|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship beam={{convert|69|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship draught= |
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|Ship propulsion=2 × triple expansion [[steam engine]]s <br/> 2 × screws |
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|Ship speed={{convert|21|kn|mph km/h|lk=on|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship range= |
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|Ship capacity= |
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|Ship complement= |
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|Ship armament=2 × [[BL 9.2 inch gun Mk IX - X|BL {{convert|9.2|in|mm|abbr=on}} Mk X gun]]s <br/> 12 × [[BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun|BL {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} Mk VII gun]]s |
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|Ship notes= |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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|Ship class={{sclass|Cressy|cruiser|0}} [[armoured cruiser]] |
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|Ship displacement={{convert|12000|LT|t}} (normal) |
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|Ship length={{convert|472|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} ([[Length overall|o/a]]) |
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|Ship beam={{convert|69|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship draught={{convert|26|ft|9|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (maximum) |
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|Ship power=*{{convert|21000|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}} |
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*30 [[Belleville boiler]]s |
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|Ship propulsion=*2 × Shafts |
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*2 × [[Triple-expansion steam engine]]s |
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|Ship speed={{convert|21|kn|lk=in}} |
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|Ship range= |
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|Ship complement=725–760 |
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|Ship armament=*2 × single [[BL 9.2 inch gun Mk IX - X|BL 9.2-inch Mk X guns]] |
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*12 × single [[BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun|BL 6-inch Mk VII guns]] |
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*12 × single [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|QF 12-pdr 12 cwt guns]]<ref group=Note>"Cwt" is the abbreviation for [[hundredweight]], 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.</ref> |
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*3 × [[Ordnance QF 3 pounder Vickers|QF 3-pounder]] [[Hotchkiss gun]]s |
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*2 × single submerged [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch]] [[torpedo tube]]s |
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|Ship armour=*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convert|2|-|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]s: {{convert|1|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} |
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*[[Barbette]]s: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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*[[Gun turret|Turrets]]: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} |
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*[[Conning tower]]: {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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*[[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkhead]]s: {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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{{otherships|HMS Hogue}} |
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'''HMS ''Hogue''''' was a {{sclass|Cressy|cruiser|0}} [[armoured cruiser]] built for the [[Royal Navy]] around 1900. Upon completion she was assigned to the [[Channel Fleet]] and the [[China Station]]. In 1906 she became a [[training ship]] for the [[North America and West Indies Station]] before being placed in [[Reserve fleet|reserve]] in 1908. [[Ship commissioning|Recommissioned]] at the start of World War I, she played a minor role in the [[Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)|Battle of Heligoland Bight]] a few weeks after the beginning of the war. ''Hogue'' was sunk by the German [[submarine]] [[SM U-9|''U-9'']], together with two of her [[sister ship]]s, [[Action of 22 September 1914|on 22 September 1914]]. |
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'''HMS ''Hogue''''' was a [[Cressy class cruiser|''Cressy''-class]] [[armoured cruiser]] in the [[Royal Navy]]. ''Hogue'' was sunk by the [[Imperial Germany|German]] U-boat [[SM U-9|''U-9'']] on 22 September 1914. |
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==Design and description== |
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==Service history== |
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''Hogue'' was designed to [[Displacement (ship)|displace]] {{convert|12000|LT|t}}. The ship had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|472|ft|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|69|ft|6|in|m|1}} and a deep [[draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|26|ft|9|in|m|1}}.<ref>Friedman 2012, pp. 335–36</ref> She was powered by two 4-cylinder [[triple-expansion steam engine]]s, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of {{convert|21,000|ihp|lk=in|-1}} using steam provided by 30 [[Belleville boiler]]s. The engines were designed to give a maximum speed of {{convert|21|kn|lk=in}}, although ''Hogue'' reached {{convert|22.06|kn}} with {{convert|21432|ihp}} on her [[sea trial]]s.<ref>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 69</ref> She carried a maximum of {{convert|1600|LT|t}} of coal and her complement ranged from 725<ref name=f6>Friedman 2012, p. 336</ref> to 760 officers and ratings.<ref name=ck8>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 68</ref> |
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In June 1906, ''Hogue'' served in the [[4th Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|4th Cruiser Squadron]] on the North America & West Indies Station under the command of [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Arthur Y. Moggridge]]. |
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Her main armament consisted of two [[List of British ordnance terms#BL|breech-loading]] (BL) [[BL 9.2 inch gun Mk IX - X|{{convert|9.2|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}} Mk X guns]] in single [[gun turret]]s, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.<ref name=f6/> They fired {{convert|380|lb|adj=on}} shells to a range of {{convert|15500|yd}}.<ref>Friedman 2011, pp. 71–72</ref> Her secondary armament of twelve [[BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun|BL 6-inch Mk VII guns]] was arranged in [[casemate]]s amidships. Eight of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.<ref>Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 260–61</ref> They had a maximum range of approximately {{convert|12200|yd}} with their {{convert|100|lb|adj=on}} shells.<ref>Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81</ref> A dozen [[quick-firing gun|quick-firing (QF)]] [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder 12 cwt guns]] were fitted for defence against [[torpedo boat]]s, eight on casemates on the upper deck and four in the superstructure.<ref>Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 336</ref> The ship also carried three [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder]] [[Hotchkiss gun]]s and two submerged [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch]] [[torpedo tube]]s.<ref name=ck8/> |
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Shortly after the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in August 1914, ''Hogue'' was assigned to the [[7th Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|7th Cruiser Squadron]], tasked with patrolling the [[Broad Fourteens]] of the [[North Sea]], in support of a force of [[destroyer]]s and [[submarine]]s based at Harwich which blocked the Eastern end of the [[English Channel|Channel]] from German warships attempting to attack the supply route between [[United Kingdom|England]] and [[France]]. |
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The ship's [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|armour belt]] had a maximum thickness of {{convert|6|in|0}} and was closed off by {{convert|5|in|adj=on|0}} transverse [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]]s. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while the casemate armour was 5 inches thick. The protective [[deck (ship)|deck]] armour ranged in thickness from {{convert|1|-|3|in|mm|0}} and the conning tower was protected by {{convert|12|in|0}} of armour.<ref name=ck8/> |
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==Fate== |
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[[File:SM U9 Postcard.jpg|thumb|left|Victories of ''U-9'' on a Postcard]] |
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==Construction and service == |
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''Hogue'' was sunk [[Action of 22 September 1914|in action on 22 September 1914]]. At 07:00, about 30 minutes after the action commenced, ''Hogue'' was struck by two [[torpedo]]es from [[SM U-9|''U-9'']] as she attempted to rescue survivors from her [[sister ship]], {{HMS|Aboukir|1900|2}}. She sank within 15 minutes. |
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[[File:Launching of the HMS Hogue (1900).jpg|thumb|left|Launching of ''Hogue'', 1900]] |
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''Hogue'', named after the 1692 [[Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue|Battle of La Hogue]], was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 14 July 1898 by [[Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd|Vickers, Sons & Maxim]] at their [[Barrow-in-Furness]] [[shipyard]] and [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 13 August 1900.<ref name=s9>Silverstone, p. 239</ref> She arrived at [[Plymouth Dockyard|Plymouth]] to begin [[fitting out]] in September 1901,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military Intelligence |date=16 September 1901 |page=8 |issue=36561}}</ref> and commenced her sea trials in early December.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=4 December 1901 |page=10 |issue=36629}}</ref> ''Hogue'' was completed in late Autumn the following year, and commissioned at [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]] on 19 November 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=20 November 1902 |page=10 |issue=36930}}</ref> She was assigned to the [[Channel Fleet|Channel Squadron]]. On 11 March 1904 she collided with the merchant ship {{SS|Meurthe}} off [[Europa Point]]. Later that year she was transferred to the China Station after a refit.<ref name=s9/> |
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Two years later ''Hogue'' became the boys' training ship for the [[4th Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|4th Cruiser Squadron]] on the North America and West Indies Station. She was reduced to reserve at [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]] in 1908 and then assigned to the reserve Third Fleet at the [[Nore]] the next year. On 26 November 1909 a coal bunker explosion killed two crewmen. The ship received a lengthy refit at [[Chatham Dockyard]] in 1912–13 and was assigned to the [[7th Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|7th Cruiser Squadron]] shortly after the outbreak of World War I in August 1914.<ref>Friedman 2012, p. 241; Silverstone, p. 239</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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The squadron was tasked with patrolling the [[Broad Fourteens]] of the [[North Sea]] in support of a force of [[destroyer]]s and [[submarine]]s based at [[Harwich Dockyard|Harwich]] which protected the eastern end of the [[English Channel]] from German warships attempting to attack the supply route between [[United Kingdom|England]] and [[France]]. During the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August, the ship was part of Cruiser Force 'C', in reserve off the Dutch coast, and saw no action.<ref>Corbett, pp. 100, 171–72</ref> ''Hogue'' did, however, tow the heavily damaged [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Arethusa|1913|2}}, [[flagship]] of the commander of the [[Harwich Force]], [[Commodore (Royal Navy)|Commodore]] [[Reginald Tyrwhitt]], back to port after the battle was over.<ref>Osborne, p. 104</ref> |
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*{{Colledge}} |
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===Fate=== |
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{{Main|Action of 22 September 1914}} |
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[[File:Action of 22 September 1914 - EN.svg|thumb|left|Manoeuvres]] |
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On the morning of 22 September, ''Hogue'' and her sisters, {{HMS|Aboukir|1900|2}} and {{HMS|Cressy|1899|2}}, were on patrol without any escorting destroyers as they had been forced to seek shelter from bad weather. The three sisters were in [[line abreast]], about {{convert|2000|yd}} apart, at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. They were not expecting submarine attack, but they had lookouts posted and had one gun manned on each side to attack any submarines sighted. The weather had moderated earlier that morning and Tyrwhitt was en route to reinforce the cruisers with eight destroyers.<ref>Corbett, pp. 172–175</ref> |
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[[File:Arthur Thiele Unterseeboot U9 im Kampfe mit den englischen Kreuzern Hogue Abukir u Cressy.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Thiele]], "[[SM U-9|Submarine ''U-9'']] attacking the English cruisers ''Hogue'', [[HMS Aboukir (1900)|''Aboukir'']], and [[HMS Cressy (1899)|''Cressy''"]]]] |
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''U-9'', commanded by ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' [[Otto Weddigen]], had been ordered to attack British transports at [[Ostend]], but had been forced to dive and take shelter from the storm. On surfacing, she spotted the British ships and moved to attack. She fired one torpedo at 06:20 at ''Aboukir'' that struck her on the starboard side; the ship's [[captain (nautical)|captain]] thought he had struck a [[naval mine|mine]] and ordered the other two ships to close to transfer his wounded men. ''Aboukir'' quickly began [[list (watercraft)|listing]] and [[capsized]] around 06:55. As ''Hogue'' approached her sinking sister, [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] [[Wilmot Nicholson]] realized that it had been a submarine attack and signalled ''Cressy'' to look for a periscope although his ship continued to close on ''Aboukir'' as her crew threw overboard anything that would float to aid the survivors in the water. Having stopped and lowered all her boats, ''Hogue'' was struck by two torpedoes around 06:55. The sudden weight loss of the two torpedoes caused ''U-9'' to broach the surface and ''Hogue''{{'}}s gunners opened fire without effect before the submarine could submerge again. The cruiser capsized about ten minutes after being torpedoed as all of her watertight doors had been open and sank at 07:15.<ref>Massie, pp. 133–135</ref> |
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[[File:SM U9 Postcard.jpg|thumb|Victories of ''U-9'' on a postcard]] |
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''Cressy'' attempted to ram the submarine, but did not hit anything and resumed her rescue efforts until she too was torpedoed at 07:20. She too took on a heavy list and then capsized before sinking at 07:55. Several Dutch ships began rescuing survivors at 08:30 and were joined by British fishing trawlers before Tyrwhitt and his ships arrived at 10:45. The combined total from all three ships was 837 men rescued and 62 officers and 1,397 ratings lost.<ref>Massie, p. 135</ref> ''Hogue'' lost 377 men.<ref>[http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Hogue_(1900)#Service ''The Dreadnought Project'': H.M.S. Hogue (1900).]</ref> |
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In 1954 the British government sold the salvage rights to all three ships to a German company and they were subsequently sold again to a Dutch salvage company which began salvaging the wrecks' metal in 2011.<ref>{{cite journal|year=2011 |title=Booty Trawl |journal=Private Eye |issue=1302 |page=31 |publisher=Pressdram}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-ships-graves-idUKTRE79B50320111012|title=Scrap metal hunt is wrecking UK warship graves - veterans|last=Ambrogi|first=Stefano|date=12 October 2011|work=Reuters|publisher=Thomson Reuters|access-date=20 February 2014}}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=Note}} |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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== Bibliography == |
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* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|name-list-style=amp|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Corbett|title=Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands|edition=2nd, reprint of the 1938|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|volume=I|year=1997|publisher=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-256-X}} |
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*{{cite journal |last1=Firme |first1=Tim|last2=Johnson|first2=Harold|last3=MacDonald|first3=Kevin C. |title=Question 27/04: British WW I Armored Cruiser Wrecks |journal=Warship International |date=2005 |volume=XLII |issue=3 |page=242|issn=0043-0374|name-list-style=amp}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers of the Victorian Era|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-068-9}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}} |
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* {{cite book|title=[[Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea]] |last=Massie|first=Robert K.|author-link=Robert K. Massie|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=2004|location= London|isbn=0-224-04092-8}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Osborne|first=Eric W.|title=The Battle of Heligoland Bight|year=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=0-253-34742-4}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|HMS Hogue (ship, 1900)|HMS Hogue}} |
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*[http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?56 HMS Hogue on the wrecksite] |
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*[http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx? |
*[http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?56 HMS ''Hogue'' on wrecksite] |
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*[http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Hogue_(1900) ''The Dreadnought Project'': H.M.S. Hogue (1900)] |
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*[http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?57 HMS Aboukir on the wrecksite] |
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{{Cressy class cruiser}} |
{{Cressy class cruiser}} |
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{{September 1914 shipwrecks}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hogue (1899)}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hogue (1899)}} |
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[[Category:Cressy |
[[Category:Cressy-class cruisers]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]] |
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[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom]] |
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines]] |
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I]] |
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[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea]] |
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea]] |
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[[Category:1900 ships]] |
[[Category:1900 ships]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1914]] |
[[Category:Maritime incidents in September 1914]] |
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[[Category:Protected Wrecks of the United Kingdom]] |
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[[pl:HMS Hogue (1902)]] |
Revision as of 08:19, 13 July 2023
![]() Hogue at anchor
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History | |
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Name | HMS Hogue |
Namesake | Battle of La Hogue |
Builder | Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Barrow-in-Furness |
Laid down | 14 July 1898 |
Launched | 13 August 1900 |
Completed | October 1902 |
Commissioned | 19 November 1902 |
Fate | Sunk by U-9, 22 September 1914 |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Cressy-class armoured cruiser |
Displacement | 12,000 long tons (12,000 t) (normal) |
Length | 472 ft (143.9 m) (o/a) |
Beam | 69 ft 6 in (21.2 m) |
Draught | 26 ft 9 in (8.2 m) (maximum) |
Installed power |
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Propulsion |
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Speed | 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) |
Complement | 725–760 |
Armament |
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Armour |
HMS Hogue was a Cressy-class armoured cruiser built for the Royal Navy around 1900. Upon completion she was assigned to the Channel Fleet and the China Station. In 1906 she became a training ship for the North America and West Indies Station before being placed in reserve in 1908. Recommissioned at the start of World War I, she played a minor role in the Battle of Heligoland Bight a few weeks after the beginning of the war. Hogue was sunk by the German submarine U-9, together with two of her sister ships, on 22 September 1914.
Design and description
Hogue was designed to displace 12,000 long tons (12,000 t). The ship had an overall length of 472 feet (143.9 m), a beam of 69 feet 6 inches (21.2 m) and a deep draught of 26 feet 9 inches (8.2 m).[1] She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of 21,000 indicated horsepower (15,660 kW) using steam provided by 30 Belleville boilers. The engines were designed to give a maximum speed of 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph), although Hogue reached 22.06 knots (40.86 km/h; 25.39 mph) with 21,432 indicated horsepower (15,982 kW) on her sea trials.[2] She carried a maximum of 1,600 long tons (1,600 t) of coal and her complement ranged from 725[3] to 760 officers and ratings.[4]
Her main armament consisted of two breech-loading (BL) 9.2-inch (234 mm) Mk X guns in single gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.[3] They fired 380-pound (170 kg) shells to a range of 15,500 yards (14,200 m).[5] Her secondary armament of twelve BL 6-inch Mk VII guns was arranged in casemates amidships. Eight of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.[6] They had a maximum range of approximately 12,200 yards (11,200 m) with their 100-pound (45 kg) shells.[7] A dozen quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 12 cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats, eight on casemates on the upper deck and four in the superstructure.[8] The ship also carried three 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes.[4]
The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of 6 inches (152 mm) and was closed off by 5-inch (127 mm) transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while the casemate armour was 5 inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from 1–3 inches (25–76 mm) and the conning tower was protected by 12 inches (305 mm) of armour.[4]
Construction and service
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Launching_of_the_HMS_Hogue_%281900%29.jpg/220px-Launching_of_the_HMS_Hogue_%281900%29.jpg)
Hogue, named after the 1692 Battle of La Hogue, was laid down on 14 July 1898 by Vickers, Sons & Maxim at their Barrow-in-Furness shipyard and launched on 13 August 1900.[9] She arrived at Plymouth to begin fitting out in September 1901,[10] and commenced her sea trials in early December.[11] Hogue was completed in late Autumn the following year, and commissioned at Devonport on 19 November 1902.[12] She was assigned to the Channel Squadron. On 11 March 1904 she collided with the merchant ship SS Meurthe off Europa Point. Later that year she was transferred to the China Station after a refit.[9]
Two years later Hogue became the boys' training ship for the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station. She was reduced to reserve at Devonport in 1908 and then assigned to the reserve Third Fleet at the Nore the next year. On 26 November 1909 a coal bunker explosion killed two crewmen. The ship received a lengthy refit at Chatham Dockyard in 1912–13 and was assigned to the 7th Cruiser Squadron shortly after the outbreak of World War I in August 1914.[13]
The squadron was tasked with patrolling the Broad Fourteens of the North Sea in support of a force of destroyers and submarines based at Harwich which protected the eastern end of the English Channel from German warships attempting to attack the supply route between England and France. During the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August, the ship was part of Cruiser Force 'C', in reserve off the Dutch coast, and saw no action.[14] Hogue did, however, tow the heavily damaged light cruiser Arethusa, flagship of the commander of the Harwich Force, Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt, back to port after the battle was over.[15]
Fate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Action_of_22_September_1914_-_EN.svg/220px-Action_of_22_September_1914_-_EN.svg.png)
On the morning of 22 September, Hogue and her sisters, Aboukir and Cressy, were on patrol without any escorting destroyers as they had been forced to seek shelter from bad weather. The three sisters were in line abreast, about 2,000 yards (1,800 m) apart, at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). They were not expecting submarine attack, but they had lookouts posted and had one gun manned on each side to attack any submarines sighted. The weather had moderated earlier that morning and Tyrwhitt was en route to reinforce the cruisers with eight destroyers.[16]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arthur_Thiele_Unterseeboot_U9_im_Kampfe_mit_den_englischen_Kreuzern_Hogue_Abukir_u_Cressy.jpg/220px-Arthur_Thiele_Unterseeboot_U9_im_Kampfe_mit_den_englischen_Kreuzern_Hogue_Abukir_u_Cressy.jpg)
U-9, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Otto Weddigen, had been ordered to attack British transports at Ostend, but had been forced to dive and take shelter from the storm. On surfacing, she spotted the British ships and moved to attack. She fired one torpedo at 06:20 at Aboukir that struck her on the starboard side; the ship's captain thought he had struck a mine and ordered the other two ships to close to transfer his wounded men. Aboukir quickly began listing and capsized around 06:55. As Hogue approached her sinking sister, Captain Wilmot Nicholson realized that it had been a submarine attack and signalled Cressy to look for a periscope although his ship continued to close on Aboukir as her crew threw overboard anything that would float to aid the survivors in the water. Having stopped and lowered all her boats, Hogue was struck by two torpedoes around 06:55. The sudden weight loss of the two torpedoes caused U-9 to broach the surface and Hogue's gunners opened fire without effect before the submarine could submerge again. The cruiser capsized about ten minutes after being torpedoed as all of her watertight doors had been open and sank at 07:15.[17]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SM_U9_Postcard.jpg/220px-SM_U9_Postcard.jpg)
Cressy attempted to ram the submarine, but did not hit anything and resumed her rescue efforts until she too was torpedoed at 07:20. She too took on a heavy list and then capsized before sinking at 07:55. Several Dutch ships began rescuing survivors at 08:30 and were joined by British fishing trawlers before Tyrwhitt and his ships arrived at 10:45. The combined total from all three ships was 837 men rescued and 62 officers and 1,397 ratings lost.[18] Hogue lost 377 men.[19]
In 1954 the British government sold the salvage rights to all three ships to a German company and they were subsequently sold again to a Dutch salvage company which began salvaging the wrecks' metal in 2011.[20][21]
Notes
- ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.
Footnotes
- ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 335–36
- ^ Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 69
- ^ a b Friedman 2012, p. 336
- ^ a b c Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 68
- ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 71–72
- ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 260–61
- ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81
- ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 336
- ^ a b Silverstone, p. 239
- ^ "Naval & Military Intelligence". The Times. No. 36561. London. 16 September 1901. p. 8.
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36629. London. 4 December 1901. p. 10.
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36930. London. 20 November 1902. p. 10.
- ^ Friedman 2012, p. 241; Silverstone, p. 239
- ^ Corbett, pp. 100, 171–72
- ^ Osborne, p. 104
- ^ Corbett, pp. 172–175
- ^ Massie, pp. 133–135
- ^ Massie, p. 135
- ^ The Dreadnought Project: H.M.S. Hogue (1900).
- ^ "Booty Trawl". Private Eye (1302). Pressdram: 31. 2011.(subscription required)
- ^ Ambrogi, Stefano (12 October 2011). "Scrap metal hunt is wrecking UK warship graves - veterans". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
Bibliography
- Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
- Corbett, Julian (1997). Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd, reprint of the 1938 ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-256-X.
- Firme, Tim; Johnson, Harold & MacDonald, Kevin C. (2005). "Question 27/04: British WW I Armored Cruiser Wrecks". Warship International. XLII (3): 242. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Friedman, Norman (2012). British Cruisers of the Victorian Era. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-59114-068-9.
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
- Massie, Robert K. (2004). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-04092-8.
- Osborne, Eric W. (2006). The Battle of Heligoland Bight. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34742-4.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
External links
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