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{{Short description|Russian rocket stage}}
{{Infobox rocket stage
{{Infobox rocket stage
|name = KVTK
|name = KVTK
|image=KVTK and "Briz-M" upper stages layout on MAKS-2021 airshow.jpg
|manufacturer = [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center]]
|manufacturer = [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center]]
|country-origin = [[Russia]]
|country-origin = Russia
|rockets = [[Angara (rocket family)|Angara A5]] (proposed upper stage)
|rockets = [[Angara (rocket family)|Angara A5]] (upper stage)
|height = {{convert|10.4|m|ft|sp=us}}<ref name="sf1a"/>
|height = {{convert|10.4|m|ft|sp=us}}<ref name=spaceflight101-angara />
|diameter = {{convert|3.8|m|ft|sp=us}}<ref name="sf1a"/>
|diameter = {{convert|3.8|m|ft|sp=us}}<ref name=spaceflight101-angara />
|mass = {{convert|23,530|kg|lb}}<ref name="sf1a"/>
|mass = {{convert|23,530|kg|lb}}<ref name=spaceflight101-angara />
|propmass = {{convert|19,600|kg|lb}}<ref name="sf1a"/>
|propmass = {{convert|19,600|kg|lb}}<ref name=spaceflight101-angara />
{{Infobox rocket/stage
⚫
|engines = 1 [[RD-0146|RD-1046D]]
|name = KVTK
⚫
|thrust = {{convert|68.6|kN|lbf}}<ref name="sf1a"/>
⚫
|engines = 1 [[RD-0146|RD-0146D]]
|time = 1,350 seconds
|SI = 463 sec<ref name="sf1a"/>
|thrust = {{convert|68.6|kN|lbf}}<ref name=spaceflight101-angara />
|burntime = 1,350 s
⚫
|fuel = [[LH2]]/[[LOX]]}}
⚫
|SI = {{convert|463|isp}}<ref name=spaceflight101-angara />
⚫
|fuel = [[LH2]]/[[LOX]]
}}
}}


The '''KVTK''' ({{lang-ru|'''К'''ислородно-'''в'''одородный '''т'''яжёлого '''к'''ласса}}, Oxygen/Hydrogen Heavy Class) is a liquid oxygen/hydrogen [[upper stage]] for high energy orbits. The KVTK contains an RD-0146D engine and is designed for use on [[Angara (rocket family)|Angara]] rockets.<ref name="sf1a">{{Cite web|url = http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a5.html|title = Angara A5|date = |accessdate = July 2014|website = Spaceflight 101|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> KVTK would be the first hydrogen-powered upper stage for use on a Russian launch vehicle, although [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center|Khrunichev]] has previously produced a hydrogen-powered upper stage ([[KVD-1]]) for the [[Indian Space Research Organisation|Indian]] [[GSLV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara_kvtk.html|title = KVTK to give hydrogen power to Angara|date = June 26, 2014|accessdate = July 2014|website = RussianSpaceWeb|publisher = |last = Zak|first = Anatoly}}</ref> KVTK is designed to provide up to five ignitions, allowing for complex orbital maneuvering, and have an on-orbit lifespan of up to nine hours. KVTK would allow an increase in payload to GTO of 20-50% compared to the Angara A5's standard [[Briz-M]] upper stage, powered by UDMH and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=44|title = Angara Launch Vehicles Family|date = |accessdate = July 2014|website = khrunichev.ru|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
The '''KVTK''' ({{lang-ru|'''К'''ислородно-'''в'''одородный '''т'''яжёлого '''к'''ласса}}, Oxygen/Hydrogen Heavy Class) is a liquid oxygen/hydrogen [[upper stage]] for high energy orbits that is currently under development. The KVTK contains an RD-0146D engine and is designed for use on [[Angara (rocket family)|Angara]] rockets.<ref name=spaceflight101-angara /> KVTK would be the first hydrogen-powered upper stage for use on a Russian launch vehicle, although [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center|Khrunichev]] has previously produced a hydrogen-powered upper stage ([[KVD-1]]) for the [[Indian Space Research Organisation|Indian]] [[GSLV]].<ref name=russianspaceweb-angarakvtk /> KVTK is designed to provide up to five ignitions, allowing for complex orbital maneuvering, and have an on-orbit lifespan of up to nine hours. KVTK would allow an increase in payload to GTO of 20-50% compared to the Angara A5's standard [[Briz-M]] upper stage, powered by UDMH and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.<ref name=khrunichev-angara />

== History ==
The KVTK was originally studied as an upper stage for the Energia family of rockets, but in 1987 was superseded by the RCS stage (Retro and Corrections Stage), based loosely on the American [[S-IVB]]. In 1996, consideration was briefly given to constructing a KVTK-derived Russian Propulsion Module for the International Space Station. Most likely, this module would have been transported to the ISS by a Space Shuttle.

On 10 December 2020, [[Roscosmos]] signed a 20.6 billion [[Russian ruble]] (US$279M as of December 2020) contract with Khrunichev to manufacture KVTK test models and flight test them by December 2025.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20201214/angara-1589102188.html |script-title=ru:"Роскосмос" заключил контракт для повышения грузоподъемности "Ангары" |trans-title=Roscosmos signs a contract to increase the payload capacity of Angara |date=14 December 2020 |website=RIA Novosti |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref>

In August 2021, Khrunichev announced that the first flight test of the KVTK is expected to occur in 2027 on an [[Angara (rocket family)#Angara A5|Angara-A5M]] launch vehicle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20210825/angara-1747123377.html |title=Назван срок запуска первой "Ангары" с "водородным" разгонным блоком |trans-title=The launch date of the first "Angara" with a hydrogen upper stage has been announced |work=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=25 August 2021 |access-date=26 August 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>


== Variants ==
== Variants ==
⚫
The '''KVSK (RCAF) '''would be a smaller cryogenic stage carrying {{convert|10,760|kg|lb}} of propellant for the proposed Angara A3,<ref name=spaceflight101-angaraa3 /> while the '''KVSK-A7 '''would be a larger stage loaded with {{convert|26,500|kg|lb}} for the proposed Angara A7.<ref name=khrunichev-kvtk />


⚫
The '''RCAF '''would be a smaller cryogenic stage carrying {{convert|10,760|kg|lb}} of propellant for the proposed Angara A3,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a3.html|title = Angara A3|date = |accessdate = July 2014|website = Spaceflight 101|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> while the '''KVSK-A7 '''would be a larger stage loaded with {{convert|26,500|kg|lb}} for the proposed Angara A7.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=52|title = KVTK|date = |accessdate = July 2014|website = khrunichev.ru|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<references/>
<ref name=khrunichev-angara>{{Cite web|url = http://www.khrunichev.com/main.php?id=44 |title = Angara Launch Vehicles Family |date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = khrunichev.com |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
<ref name=khrunichev-kvtk>{{Cite web |url =http://www.khrunichev.com/main.php?id=52 |title = KVTK |date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website =khrunichev.com |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
<ref name=russianspaceweb-angarakvtk>{{Cite web|url = http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara_kvtk.html |title = KVTK to give hydrogen power to Angara|date = June 26, 2014 |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = RussianSpaceWeb |publisher = |last = Zak|first = Anatoly}}</ref>
<ref name=spaceflight101-angara>{{Cite web|url = http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a5.html |title = Angara A5|date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = Spaceflight 101 |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
<ref name=spaceflight101-angaraa3>{{Cite web|url = http://www.spaceflight101.com/angara-a3.html|title = Angara A3|date = |accessdate = August 11, 2016 |website = Spaceflight 101|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
}}


{{Upper stages}}
{{Upper stages}}
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[[Category:Rocket stages]]
[[Category:Rocket stages]]
[[Category:Space launch vehicles of Russia]]
[[Category:Space launch vehicles of Russia]]



{{rocket-stub}}
{{rocket-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:58, 18 July 2023

KVTK
ManufacturerKhrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
Country of originRussland
Used onAngara A5 (upper stage)
General characteristics
Height10.4 meters (34 ft)[1]
Diameter3.8 meters (12 ft)[1]
Gross mass23,530 kilograms (51,870 lb)[1]
Propellant mass19,600 kilograms (43,200 lb)[1]
KVTK
Powered by1 RD-0146D
Maximum thrust68.6 kilonewtons (15,400 lbf)[1]
Specific impulse463 seconds (4.54 km/s)[1]
Burn time1,350 s
PropellantLH2/LOX

The KVTK (Russian: Кислородно-водородный тяжёлого класса, Oxygen/Hydrogen Heavy Class) is a liquid oxygen/hydrogen upper stage for high energy orbits that is currently under development. The KVTK contains an RD-0146D engine and is designed for use on Angara rockets.[1] KVTK would be the first hydrogen-powered upper stage for use on a Russian launch vehicle, although Khrunichev has previously produced a hydrogen-powered upper stage (KVD-1) for the Indian GSLV.[2] KVTK is designed to provide up to five ignitions, allowing for complex orbital maneuvering, and have an on-orbit lifespan of up to nine hours. KVTK would allow an increase in payload to GTO of 20-50% compared to the Angara A5's standard Briz-M upper stage, powered by UDMH and N2O4.[3]

History

[edit]

The KVTK was originally studied as an upper stage for the Energia family of rockets, but in 1987 was superseded by the RCS stage (Retro and Corrections Stage), based loosely on the American S-IVB. In 1996, consideration was briefly given to constructing a KVTK-derived Russian Propulsion Module for the International Space Station. Most likely, this module would have been transported to the ISS by a Space Shuttle.

On 10 December 2020, Roscosmos signed a 20.6 billion Russian ruble (US$279M as of December 2020) contract with Khrunichev to manufacture KVTK test models and flight test them by December 2025.[4]

In August 2021, Khrunichev announced that the first flight test of the KVTK is expected to occur in 2027 on an Angara-A5M launch vehicle.[5]

Variants

[edit]

The KVSK (RCAF) would be a smaller cryogenic stage carrying 10,760 kilograms (23,720 lb) of propellant for the proposed Angara A3,[6] while the KVSK-A7 would be a larger stage loaded with 26,500 kilograms (58,400 lb) for the proposed Angara A7.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Angara A5". Spaceflight 101. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  2. ^ Zak, Anatoly (June 26, 2014). "KVTK to give hydrogen power to Angara". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  3. ^ "Angara Launch Vehicles Family". khrunichev.com. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  4. ^ "Роскосмос" заключил контракт для повышения грузоподъемности "Ангары" [Roscosmos signs a contract to increase the payload capacity of Angara]. RIA Novosti. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Назван срок запуска первой "Ангары" с "водородным" разгонным блоком" [The launch date of the first "Angara" with a hydrogen upper stage has been announced]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 25 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  6. ^ "Angara A3". Spaceflight 101. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  7. ^ "KVTK". khrunichev.com. Retrieved August 11, 2016.


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