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Feminization most commonly refers to:

Feminization (biology), the hormonally induced development of female sexual characteristics
Feminization (activity), a sexual or lifestyle practice where a person assumes a female role
Feminization (sociology), a perceived societal shift of gender roles toward the characteristically "female"

Feminization may also refer to:

Health care

Facial feminization, a set of reconstructive surgical procedures that alter typically male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features
Feminizing hormone therapy, a type of hormone therapy and sex reassignment therapy to change secondary sex characteristics
Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female), surgical procedures to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity
Voice feminization, the desired goal of changing a perceived male sounding voice to a perceived female sounding voice

Trends

Feminization of language, the process of making a word or name female
Feminization of migration, a trend where a higher rate of women migrate to labor or marriage
Feminization of poverty, a phenomenon in which women represent disproportionate percentages of the world's poor
Feminisation of the workplace, the trend towards greater employment of women, and of men willing and able to operate with these more 'feminine' modes of interaction
- Feminization of agriculture, the measurable increase of women's participation in agriculture

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+{{wiktionary|feminization}}
-{{split}}
+'''Feminization''' most commonly refers to:
+* [[Feminization (biology)]], the hormonally induced development of female sexual characteristics
-'''Feminization''' is the process of making something more [[femininity|feminine]], sometimes by making it less [[masculinity|masculine]]. This can be literal <ref name="sax">Leonard Sax, M.D. (2001). [http://www.worldandi.com/public/2001/October/sax.html The Feminization of American Culture: How Modern Chemicals May Be Changing Human Biology.] via The World & I</ref> or figurative. <ref name="neutopia">Doctress Neutopia (1994). [http://feminism.eserver.org/feminization-of-cyberspace.txt The Feminization of Cyberspace.] Feminism and Women's Studies</ref>
+* [[Feminization (activity)]], a sexual or lifestyle practice where a person assumes a female role
+* [[Feminization (sociology)]], a perceived societal shift of gender roles toward the characteristically "female"
+'''Feminization''' may also refer to:
+== Health care ==
-==Feminization in biology==
+* [[Facial feminization surgery|Facial feminization]], a set of reconstructive surgical procedures that alter typically male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features
-Feminization can be induced by environmental factors and has been observed in most animal species. <ref name="fry">DM Fry and CK Toone (1981). DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos Science, Vol 213, Issue 4510, 922-924</ref> <ref name="Gimeno">Sylvia Gimeno, Anton Gerritsen, Tim Bowmer & Hans KomenFeminization of male carp Nature 384, 221 - 222 (21 November 1996); doi:10.1038/384221a0</ref>
+* [[Feminizing hormone therapy]], a type of hormone therapy and sex reassignment therapy to change secondary sex characteristics
+* [[Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)]], surgical procedures to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity
+* [[Transgender voice therapy|Voice feminization]], the desired goal of changing a perceived male sounding voice to a perceived female sounding voice
+== Trends ==
-==Feminization as a figurative transformation==
+* [[Feminization of language]], the process of making a word or name female
-The term can also be used to describe a shift in [[gender role]]s and [[sex role]]s in a society. Scholar Ann Douglas chronicled the rise of what she describes as sentimental "feminization" of American mass culture in the 19th century, in which writers of both sexes underscored popular convictions about women's weaknesses, desires, and proper place in the world. <ref name="douglas">Ann Douglas (1977). ''The Feminization of American Culture''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux ISBN 0-374-52558-7</ref>
+* [[Feminization of migration]], a trend where a higher rate of women migrate to labor or marriage
+* [[Feminization of poverty]], a phenomenon in which women represent disproportionate percentages of the world's poor
-==Feminization as an alternative lifestyle preference/fetish==
+* [[Feminisation of the workplace]], the trend towards greater employment of women, and of men willing and able to operate with these more 'feminine' modes of interaction
+** [[Feminization of agriculture]], the measurable increase of women's participation in agriculture
-As a lifestyle desire or fetish activity Feminization is a person's voluntary transformation from male to female, either physically, behaviorally, or both.  This transformation can either be permanent, or temporary.  Additionally, this transformation can be something that the male goes through only in private (temporarily - fetish)or in public, temporarily or permanently.
-[[Transgenderism]] and [[cross-dressing]] can be types of feminization, but these are not all inclusive.  There are many other feminization type activities such as Hypnotic Feminization and Forced Feminization (See below).
-==Hypnotic Feminization==
-For some involved with the practice of voluntary Feminization hypnosis can be a very effective way to allow a person to experience their fantasy or desire.  With hypnosis a male can actually feel a physical transformation into a female, or a behavioral transformation, or both.
-The physical hypnotic feminization of a male to a female can have the male participant actually feeling as if their body is that of a female, with breasts and female genitals.  With hypnosis this physical transformation can be experienced as if it were so real that the participant is actually able to feel their new body, and even see it in a mirror.
-The behavioral feminization of a male using hypnosis causes the male participant to actually believe they are a female, act as if they are female, and respond to the environment both actively and emotionally as '''they would perceive''' a female behaving. This can even go as far as creating a sexual attraction to males, as '''they would perceive''' a female would be attracted to them.
-Hypnotic Feminization, both physical and behavioral, can be done so that the male participant can experience the transformation effects on a temporary basis, or a more permanently conditioned basis.  When participating in hypnotic feminization on a temporary basis hypnotic "trigger words" can be set for the participant to use, which will cause him to experience the transformation, and cause the transformation to reverse any time he says the words.  The transformation may also be set so the effects wear off after a set time period rather than controlled by trigger words.
-==Forced Feminization as a sexual practice==
-In erotic and psycho-sexual terms, Forced Feminization (a.k.a. "sissification") is sometimes used to describe the practice, especially in [[female dominance]], of switching the gender role of a male [[Submissive (BDSM)|submissive]],   [http://www.sissify.com (see this semi-explicit reference site)]. However, it is also sometimes associated with sexual reassignment, which may be sought by a transgendered individual.  It is usually achieved through [[cross-dressing]], where the male is dressed in female attire, ranging from just wearing female undergarments to being fully dressed in female attire. Some males take on tasks, behaviours and roles that are overtly feminine, and adopt female mannerisms and postures in task such as sitting, walking and acting in a feminine manner.
-"Forced Feminization" is when the man is told to put on women's clothes and instructed how to behave and talk. What makes this fantasy difficult to understand is that the submissive male (while pretending to be reluctant) actually wants this treatment.[http://www.lockedinlace.com/essays/forcedfeminization.html  (See the Locked In Lace essay)]  Their protests and demands for the treatment to stop are often surface deep, while their arousal and deepest fantasies crave the fantasy to continue with even more intensity.This emasculation may be coupled with punishments such as spanking or caning to gain cooperation and heighten submission of submissive male. In practice the man has consented to, if not paid for, the feminization. Probably the most common modern incident of true "forced feminization" is sexual slavery in prisons (although the rate and severity of prison rape is controversial). For this reason it is not uncommon that men with "forced fem" fantasies also enjoy "prison rape" fantasies; although there are some hetreosexual men who only have interest in feminization by women.
-Costumes are sometimes very domestic, suggestive of servitude or [[ageplay]]. The clothes may be those of a traditional submissive female role, such as schoolgirl, secretary or "sissy" maid. In certain cases the feminized or sissified male can also be restrained in devices such as posture collars, locking high heels, and locking dresses. Traditional bondage restraints may also be used to immobilize the male in helpless and exposed postions or to prepare the male for corporal punishment or anal penetration.  Such control techniques are used by the dominant female to impress upon the male his submission to behavior modification and feminization.
-Naming may also be employed. Feminization can also be the conversion of a [[masculine]] name into a [[feminine]] name such as "Stephen" into "Stephanie", "Joseph" into "Josephine" or "Daniel" into "Danielle". Feminization of a masculine name can be achieved by adding an "ie" or "a" to the name though there are several irregular names that can not follow this model such as "Samuel" to "Samantha". In general feminine names end with an ē or au sound. A submissive male may be given a feminine name, designated as "a good girl", or given explicitly female insults, such as "slut" or "whore".  The male's penis may also be renamed a clit or clitoris, his anus as a vagina or "hole", while his nipples may be referred to as breasts.
-Forced Feminization may also include the male receiving [[anal sex]] from a female using a [[strap-on dildo]] (sometimes called [[Pegging (sexual practice)|pegging]]), or employing some form of [[Erotic sexual denial|orgasm control]], usually through the use of a [[chastity]] [[Chastity belt|belt]] or [[chastity cage|cage]].
-==References==
-<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
 ==See also==
-*[[Bottom (BDSM)]]
+* [[Feminine]]
-*[[Domination and submission]]
-*[[Erotic humiliation]]
-*[[Female dominance]]
-*[[Forced Homosexuality]]
-*[[Gender Reassignment Surgery]]
-*[[Mind control]]
-*[[Petticoating]]
-*[[Skoptic syndrome]]
-{{BDSM}}
-[[Category:BDSM]]
+{{Set index}}
-[[de:Feminisierung (BDSM)]]
-[[ru:Феминизация]]
-[[sr:Феминизација]]