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{{Infobox royalty
{{Merge from |Po Klong Garai |date=October 2018 }}
|name=Jaya Indravarman IV
⚫
'''Jaya Indravarman IV''' or '''Po Klong Garai''' was the [[king]] of [[Champa]], a former region located within modern-day [[Vietnam]], from 1167–1192. A usurper, "he called himself Jaya Indravarman on Vatu and said he came from the 'famous place known by the name Gramapuravijaya." He was "full of energy, courage and pride...well versed in all the [[shastra]]." He sent tribute to the Court of China and the [[Dai Viet]]. Unsuccessful in purchasing horses from China for an overland invasion, he prepared a squadron of water vessels.<ref name=Maspero>Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., {{ISBN|9747534991}}</ref>{{rp|77–79}}
| title = raja-di-raja
| image=
| caption =
| succession = [[King of Champa]]
|full name=Jaya Indravarman of Grāmapura-vijaya
|regnal name= Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva
|reign=1167–1192
|predecessor=[[Jaya Harivarman II]]
|successor=[[Vidyanandana]]
|spouse = Parameśvari {{br}} Rāya
| issue = Princess Bhägyavatī {{br}} Princess Sumitrā {{br}} Princess Sudakṣiṇā
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
| religion = [[Shaivism|Saivite]] Hinduism, [[Mahayana Buddhism]]
| birth_date = ?
|death_date=1192
}}


⚫
'''Jaya Indravarman IV''' was the [[king]] of [[Champa]], a former region located within modern-day [[Vietnam]], from 1167–1192. He probably was the same person as [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm|Panduranga]] ruler, [[Po Klong Garai]]. A usurper, "he called himself Jaya Indravarman on Vatu and said he came from the 'famous place known by the name Gramapuravijaya." He was "full of energy, courage and pride...well versed in all the [[shastra]]." He sent tribute to the Court of China and the [[Dai Viet]]. Unsuccessful in purchasing horses from China for an overland invasion, he prepared a squadron of water vessels.<ref name=Maspero>Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., {{ISBN|9747534991}}</ref>{{rp|77–79}}
⚫
He is noted for leading the Champa invasion of the [[Khmer Empire]] in 1177. His water forces travelled up the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers to [[Tonle Sap]] and sacked [[Angkor]], killing [[Tribhuvanadityavarman]].<ref name=Higham>Higham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, {{ISBN|9781842125847}}</ref>{{rp|120}}<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|authorlink= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|163–164,166}}


⚫
He is noted for leading the Champa invasion of the [[Khmer Empire]] in 1177. His naval forces traveled up the Mekong and [[Tonlé Sap|Tonle Sap]] rivers to [[Tonle Sap]] and sacked [[Angkor]], killing [[Tribhuvanadityavarman]].<ref name=Higham>Higham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, {{ISBN|9781842125847}}</ref>{{rp|120}}<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|authorlink= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|163–164,166}} One of Indravarman IV's inscriptions erected in the [[Po Nagar]] temple dated to 1183 recounts how extravagant were the looting gold and silver treasures from the country of Kambu(ja) that were stacked on horse carts, carried to Champa, and were used to donate to the divine [[Lady Po Nagar]] by Queen Parameśvari, Queen Rāya, all of the king's Princess Bhägyavatī, Sumitrā, and Sudakṣiṇā, while the rest of the looted Khmer trophy were given to his people throughout the kingdom.<ref>{{citation|last=Golzio|first=Karl-Heinz|year=2004|title=Inscriptions of Campā based on the editions and translations of Abel Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar. Newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given dates|publisher=Shaker Verlag}}</ref>
⚫
In 1190, the Khmer king [[Jayavarman VII]], the son and successor of [[Dharanindravarman II]], sought vengeance against Champa. The capital was taken by [[Vidyanandana]] and Jaya was brought back to Cambodia as a prisoner. The King of Cambodia later released him in an attempt to regain is throne in 1191. However, Vidyanandana defeated him and had Jaya put to death.<ref name=Maspero/>{{rp|78–79}}

⚫
In 1190, the Khmer king [[Jayavarman VII]], the son and successor of [[Dharanindravarman II]], sought vengeance against Champa. The capital was taken by [[Vidyanandana]] and Indravarman was brought back to Cambodia as a prisoner. The King of Cambodia later released him in an attempt to regain is throne in 1191. However, Vidyanandana defeated him and had Jaya put to death.<ref name=Maspero/>{{rp|78–79}}


He died in 1192. His [[given name|name]] translates as [[Sanskrit]] Jaya, "victorious"; Indra "possessing drops of rain" from Sanskrit इन्दु (indu) "a drop" and र (ra) "possessing"; and Varman, Sanskrit for an expert in the [[martial arts]]. [[Indra]] is also the ancient [[Hindu]] [[god of war|warrior god]] of the [[sky]] and of [[rain]]. He is the chief [[god]] in the [[Hindu religious texts|Hindu text]] the [[Rigveda]].
He died in 1192. His [[given name|name]] translates as [[Sanskrit]] Jaya, "victorious"; Indra "possessing drops of rain" from Sanskrit इन्दु (indu) "a drop" and र (ra) "possessing"; and Varman, Sanskrit for an expert in the [[martial arts]]. [[Indra]] is also the ancient [[Hindu]] [[god of war|warrior god]] of the [[sky]] and of [[rain]]. He is the chief [[god]] in the [[Hindu religious texts|Hindu text]] the [[Rigveda]].
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
⚫
[[Category:1167 births]]
{{succession box|
⚫
[[Category:1192 deaths]]
title=[[King of Champa]]|
[[Category:Cham rulers]]
before= [[Jaya Harivarman II]] 1166–1167|
⚫
[[Category:12th-century Vietnamese monarchy]]
after= [[Vidyanandana]] 1190–1191|
|years=1167–1190}}
{{s-end}}


{{Kings of Champa|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫
[[Category:1192 deaths]]
{{SEAsia-royal-stub}}
⚫
[[Category:Kings of Champa]]
⚫
[[Category:12th-century Vietnamese monarchs]]

Latest revision as of 14:25, 21 July 2023

Jaya Indravarman IV
raja-di-raja
King of Champa
Reign1167–1192
PredecessorJaya Harivarman II
SuccessorVidyanandana
Born?
Died1192
SpouseParameśvari
Rāya
IssuePrincess Bhägyavatī
Princess Sumitrā
Princess Sudakṣiṇā
Names
Jaya Indravarman of Grāmapura-vijaya
Regnal name
Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva
ReligionSaivite Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism

Jaya Indravarman IV was the king of Champa, a former region located within modern-day Vietnam, from 1167–1192. He probably was the same person as Panduranga ruler, Po Klong Garai. A usurper, "he called himself Jaya Indravarman on Vatu and said he came from the 'famous place known by the name Gramapuravijaya." He was "full of energy, courage and pride...well versed in all the shastra." He sent tribute to the Court of China and the Dai Viet. Unsuccessful in purchasing horses from China for an overland invasion, he prepared a squadron of water vessels.[1]: 77–79 

He is noted for leading the Champa invasion of the Khmer Empire in 1177. His naval forces traveled up the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers to Tonle Sap and sacked Angkor, killing Tribhuvanadityavarman.[2]: 120 [3]: 163–164, 166  One of Indravarman IV's inscriptions erected in the Po Nagar temple dated to 1183 recounts how extravagant were the looting gold and silver treasures from the country of Kambu(ja) that were stacked on horse carts, carried to Champa, and were used to donate to the divine Lady Po Nagar by Queen Parameśvari, Queen Rāya, all of the king's Princess Bhägyavatī, Sumitrā, and Sudakṣiṇā, while the rest of the looted Khmer trophy were given to his people throughout the kingdom.[4]

In 1190, the Khmer king Jayavarman VII, the son and successor of Dharanindravarman II, sought vengeance against Champa. The capital was taken by Vidyanandana and Indravarman was brought back to Cambodia as a prisoner. The King of Cambodia later released him in an attempt to regain is throne in 1191. However, Vidyanandana defeated him and had Jaya put to death.[1]: 78–79 

He died in 1192. His name translates as Sanskrit Jaya, "victorious"; Indra "possessing drops of rain" from Sanskrit इन्दु (indu) "a drop" and र (ra) "possessing"; and Varman, Sanskrit for an expert in the martial arts. Indra is also the ancient Hindu warrior god of the sky and of rain. He is the chief god in the Hindu text the Rigveda.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., ISBN 9747534991
  2. ^ Higham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 9781842125847
  3. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  4. ^ Golzio, Karl-Heinz (2004), Inscriptions of Campā based on the editions and translations of Abel Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar. Newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given dates, Shaker Verlag
Preceded by
Jaya Harivarman II 1166–1167
 King of Champa
1167–1190 		Succeeded by
Vidyanandana 1190–1191
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