Jump to content

He Qia: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
improve citation format; wikify; ce
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 34: Line 34:
{{family name hatnote|[[He (surname)|He]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{family name hatnote|[[He (surname)|He]]|lang=Chinese}}


'''He Qia''' (died after 228), [[courtesy name]] '''Yangshi''', was a Chinese politician of the state of [[Cao Wei]] during the [[Three Kingdoms]] period of China. He was known for his austere lifestyle.
'''He Qia''' (died after 228), [[courtesy name]] '''Yangshi''', was a Chinese official of the state of [[Cao Wei]] during the [[Three Kingdoms]] period of China. He was known for his austere lifestyle.


==Early life==
==Early life==
He Qia was born in Xiping County ({{lang|zh-hant|西平縣}}), [[Runan Commandery]] ({{lang|zh|汝南郡}}), [[Yuzhou (ancient China)|Yu Province]], which is present-day [[Xiping County]], [[Henan]]. In the 190s, the warlord [[Yuan Shao]] sent ambassadors to Runan Commandery inviting the gentry and nobility to join his cause. Yu Province was an area of contention between Yuan Shao and his half-brother [[Yuan Shu]], so He Qia feared staying, but he did not want to serve under a man such as Yuan Shao, whose ambition He Qia felt exceeded his capability.<ref name=_655>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.655</ref>
He Qia was born in Xiping County ({{lang|zh-hant|西平縣}}), [[Runan Commandery]] ([[:zh:汝南郡#漢代汝南郡|汝南郡]]), [[Yuzhou (ancient China)|Yu Province]], which is present-day [[Xiping County]], [[Henan]]. In the 190s, the warlord [[Yuan Shao]] sent ambassadors to Runan Commandery inviting the gentry and nobility to join his cause. Yu Province was an area of contention between Yuan Shao and his half-brother [[Yuan Shu]], so He Qia feared staying, but he did not want to serve under a man such as Yuan Shao, whose ambition He Qia felt exceeded his capability.<ref name=_655>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.655</ref>


Instead, He Qia brought his family south to [[Jing Province]] to serve the provincial governor [[Liu Biao]], whom He Qia considered to be a kind lord without higher ambition. Crossing the [[Yangtze river]], he settled in at Wuling Commandery ({{lang|zh|武陵郡}}) in present-day [[Changde]], [[Hunan]].
Instead, He Qia brought his family south to [[Jing Province]] to serve the provincial governor [[Liu Biao]], whom He Qia considered to be a kind lord without higher ambition. Crossing the [[Yangtze river]], he settled in at Wuling Commandery ([[:zh:武陵郡|武陵郡]]) in present-day [[Changde]], [[Hunan]].


==Service under Cao Cao==
==Service under Cao Cao==
In the late 190s, [[Cao Cao]] gained control over parts of Jing Province, and He Qia found employment in his administration.<ref name=_655 /> In this early stage of his career, he spoke out against the elevation of officers based on their following an ascetic, deliberately impoverished lifestyle, and against seeing these men as more pure than officers who displayed their salary outwardly.<ref>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.655-6</ref>
In the late 190s, [[Cao Cao]] gained control over parts of Jing Province, and He Qia found employment in his administration.<ref name=_655 /> In this early stage of his career, he spoke out against the elevation of officers based on their following an ascetic, deliberately impoverished lifestyle, and against seeing these men as more pure than officers who displayed their salary outwardly.<ref>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.655-6</ref>


In 213, after [[Emperor Xian of Han|Emperor Xian]] enfeoffed Cao Cao as the Duke of Wei ({{lang|zh|魏公}}), He Qia served as a Palace Attendant ({{lang|zh|侍中}})<ref name=_656>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.656</ref> in Cao Cao's dukedom. He unsuccessfully defended [[Mao Jie]] against rumours that Mao slandered Cao Cao. Correspondence on the matter between He Qia and Cao Cao has survived until the present-day and has been preserved in the ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]''.<ref>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.656-7</ref> Due to these rumours, Mao Jie was forced to commit suicide in 216.
In 213, after [[Emperor Xian of Han|Emperor Xian]] enfeoffed Cao Cao as the Duke of Wei ({{lang|zh|魏公}}), He Qia served as a Palace Attendant ({{lang|zh|侍中}})<ref name=_656>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.656</ref> in Cao Cao's court. He unsuccessfully defended [[Mao Jie]] against rumours that Mao slandered Cao Cao. Correspondence on the matter between He Qia and Cao Cao has survived and has been preserved in the ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]''.<ref>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.656-7</ref> Due to the rumours, Mao Jie was forced to commit suicide in 216.


==Later career==
==Later career==
He Qia received successive promotions under Cao Cao and [[Cao Pi]], rising to the position of Minister of the Household ({{lang|zh|光祿勳}}), the most important personnel manager of the [[Cao Wei|Wei]] court. Under [[Cao Rui]], he was granted 200 taxable households in his marquisate as the Marquis of Xiling District ({{lang|zh-hant|西陵鄉侯}}).
He Qia received successive promotions under Cao Cao and [[Cao Pi]], rising to the position of Minister of the Household ({{lang|zh|光祿勳}}), the most important personnel manager of the [[Cao Wei|Wei]] court. Under [[Cao Rui]], he was granted 200 taxable households in his marquisate as the Marquis of Xiling District ({{lang|zh-hant|西陵鄉侯}}).


Late in life, He Qia reversed his position on asceticism and began living a greatly curtailed lifestyle. After he was promoted to the prestigious position of Minister of Ceremonies ({{lang|zh|太常}})<ref name=_657 /> under Cao Rui, he gave so freely of his salary that he was forced to liquidate his real estate in order to support himself.<ref name=_657 /> Cao Rui granted him grain and silk so He Qia could avoid total insolvency. His modest lifestyle is reflected in his posthumous name, Marquis Jian (簡侯; literally "modest marquis").
Late in life, He Qia reversed his position on asceticism and began living a greatly curtailed lifestyle. After he was promoted to the prestigious position of Minister of Ceremonies ({{lang|zh|太常}})<ref name=_657 /> under Cao Rui, he gave so freely of his salary that he was forced to liquidate his real estate in order to support himself.<ref name=_657 /> Cao Rui granted him grain and silk so He Qia could avoid total insolvency. His modest lifestyle is reflected in his posthumous name, Marquis Jian (簡侯; "modest marquis").


==Family==
==Family==
*He Li ({{lang|zh|和离}}), He Qia's elder son and successor
*He Li ({{lang|zh|和离}}), He Qia's elder son and successor
*He You ({{lang|zh|和逌}}), He Qia's younger son, served as Minister of Justice ({{lang|zh|廷尉}}) and Secretary of Personnel ({{lang|zh|吏部尚書}}) in Wei
*He You ({{lang|zh|和逌}}), He Qia's younger son, served as Minister of Justice ({{lang|zh|廷尉}}) and Secretary of Personnel ({{lang|zh|吏部尚書}}) in Wei
**He Qiao (和嶠; died 292), He You's son, served as Junior Protector of the Crown Prince ({{lang|zh|太子少保}}) for [[Sima Yu]] of the [[Eastern Jin dynasty]]; son-in-law of [[Xiahou Xuan]]<ref name=_657 />
**He Qiao ([[:zh:和嶠|和嶠]]; died 292), He You's son, served as Junior Protector of the Crown Prince ({{lang|zh|太子少保}}) for [[Sima Yu]] of the [[Eastern Jin dynasty]]; son-in-law of [[Xiahou Xuan]]<ref name=_657 />
**He Yu ({{lang|zh|和郁}}), He You's son, served as Prefect of the Masters of Writing ({{lang|zh|尚書令}}) under the Eastern Jin dynasty<ref>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.658</ref>
**He Yu ([[:zh:和郁|和郁]]), He You's son, served as Director of the Imperial Secretariat ({{lang|zh|尚書令}}) under the Eastern Jin dynasty<ref>''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', '''23'''.658</ref>
***He Ji ({{lang|zh|和濟}}), He Yu's son, served as a Palace Writer Attendant ({{lang|zh|中書郎}}) under the Eastern Jin dynasty<ref>''Book of Jin'', '''45'''.1284</ref>
***He Ji ({{lang|zh|和濟}}), He Yu's son, served as a Palace Writer Attendant ({{lang|zh|中書郎}}) under the Eastern Jin dynasty<ref>''Book of Jin'', '''45'''.1284</ref>


⚫
{{See also|Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms}}
==See also==
⚫
* [[Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{ cite book
* [[Chen Shou]] (280s or 290s). ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (''Sanguozhi'').
| title = Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms
* [[Fang Xuanling]] (648). ''[[Book of Jin]]'' (''Jin Shu'').
* [[Pei Songzhi]] (429). ''[[Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (''Sanguozhi zhu'').
| title-link= Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms
| script-title= zh:三國志注
| author= Chen Shou | author-link= Chen Shou
| editor=Pei Songzhi | editor-link=Pei Songzhi
| year = 1977 | orig-year=429
| publisher= Dingwen Printing
| place=Taipei
| ref={{sfnref|Chen and Pei|429}}
}}
* {{ Cite book| title= Book of Jin | title-link= Book of Jin
| editor= Fang Xuanling
| editor-link= Fang Xuanling
| display-editors=etal
| orig-date= 648 | date= 1974
| publisher= Zhonghua Shuju| place= Beijing
| script-title= zh:晉書
| ref={{sfnref|Book of Jin|648}}
}}


{{People of Cao Wei}}
{{People of Cao Wei}}
Line 72: Line 88:
[[Category:2nd-century births]]
[[Category:2nd-century births]]
[[Category:3rd-century deaths]]
[[Category:3rd-century deaths]]
[[Category:Cao Wei politicians]]
[[Category:Cao Wei government officials]]
[[Category:Han dynasty government officials]]
[[Category:Government officials under Cao Cao]]
[[Category:Liu Biao and associates]]
[[Category:Officials under Cao Cao]]
[[Category:Politicians from Zhumadian]]
[[Category:Politicians from Zhumadian]]

Latest revision as of 05:13, 3 August 2023

He Qia
和洽
Minister of Ceremonies (太常)
In office
? (?)–? (?)
MonarchCao Rui
Minister of the Household (光祿勳)
In office
220 (220)–226 (226)
MonarchCao Pi
Prefect of the Gentlemen of the Palace
(郎中令)
In office
219 (219)–220 (220)
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
ChancellorCao Cao
Personal details
BornUnknown
Xiping County, Henan
DiedAfter 228[1]
Children
  • He Li
  • He You
OccupationPolitician
Courtesy nameYangshi (陽士)
Posthumous nameMarquis Jian (簡侯)
PeerageMarquis of Xiling District
(西陵鄉侯)
In this Chinese name, the family name is He.

He Qia (died after 228), courtesy name Yangshi, was a Chinese official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was known for his austere lifestyle.

Early life

[edit]

He Qia was born in Xiping County (西平縣), Runan Commandery (汝南郡), Yu Province, which is present-day Xiping County, Henan. In the 190s, the warlord Yuan Shao sent ambassadors to Runan Commandery inviting the gentry and nobility to join his cause. Yu Province was an area of contention between Yuan Shao and his half-brother Yuan Shu, so He Qia feared staying, but he did not want to serve under a man such as Yuan Shao, whose ambition He Qia felt exceeded his capability.[2]

Instead, He Qia brought his family south to Jing Province to serve the provincial governor Liu Biao, whom He Qia considered to be a kind lord without higher ambition. Crossing the Yangtze river, he settled in at Wuling Commandery (武陵郡) in present-day Changde, Hunan.

Service under Cao Cao

[edit]

In the late 190s, Cao Cao gained control over parts of Jing Province, and He Qia found employment in his administration.[2] In this early stage of his career, he spoke out against the elevation of officers based on their following an ascetic, deliberately impoverished lifestyle, and against seeing these men as more pure than officers who displayed their salary outwardly.[3]

In 213, after Emperor Xian enfeoffed Cao Cao as the Duke of Wei (魏公), He Qia served as a Palace Attendant (侍中)[4] in Cao Cao's court. He unsuccessfully defended Mao Jie against rumours that Mao slandered Cao Cao. Correspondence on the matter between He Qia and Cao Cao has survived and has been preserved in the Records of the Three Kingdoms.[5] Due to the rumours, Mao Jie was forced to commit suicide in 216.

Later career

[edit]

He Qia received successive promotions under Cao Cao and Cao Pi, rising to the position of Minister of the Household (光祿勳), the most important personnel manager of the Wei court. Under Cao Rui, he was granted 200 taxable households in his marquisate as the Marquis of Xiling District (西陵鄉侯).

Late in life, He Qia reversed his position on asceticism and began living a greatly curtailed lifestyle. After he was promoted to the prestigious position of Minister of Ceremonies (太常)[1] under Cao Rui, he gave so freely of his salary that he was forced to liquidate his real estate in order to support himself.[1] Cao Rui granted him grain and silk so He Qia could avoid total insolvency. His modest lifestyle is reflected in his posthumous name, Marquis Jian (簡侯; "modest marquis").

Family

[edit]
  • He Li (和离), He Qia's elder son and successor
  • He You (和逌), He Qia's younger son, served as Minister of Justice (廷尉) and Secretary of Personnel (吏部尚書) in Wei
    • He Qiao (和嶠; died 292), He You's son, served as Junior Protector of the Crown Prince (太子少保) for Sima Yu of the Eastern Jin dynasty; son-in-law of Xiahou Xuan[1]
    • He Yu (和郁), He You's son, served as Director of the Imperial Secretariat (尚書令) under the Eastern Jin dynasty[6]
      • He Ji (和濟), He Yu's son, served as a Palace Writer Attendant (中書郎) under the Eastern Jin dynasty[7]
See also: Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Records of the Three Kingdoms, 23.657
  2. ^ a b Records of the Three Kingdoms, 23.655
  3. ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 23.655-6
  4. ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 23.656
  5. ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 23.656-7
  6. ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 23.658
  7. ^ Book of Jin, 45.1284
  • Chen Shou (1977) [429]. Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms 三國志注. Taipei: Dingwen Printing.
  • Fang Xuanling; et al., eds. (1974) [648]. Book of Jin 晉書. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=He_Qia&oldid=1168510271"