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Coordinates: 47°30′N 19°6′E / 47.500°N 19.100°E / 47.500; 19.100
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{{short description|Part of Budapest, Hungary}}
{{Short description|Part of Budapest, Hungary}}
{{expand Hungarian|Pest (történelmi település)|date=August 2012}}
{{Expand Hungarian|Pest (történelmi település)|date=August 2012}}


[[File:Budapest Chain Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|Buda and Pest connected by [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]].]]
[[File:Budapest Chain Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|Buda and Pest connected by [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]]]]
[[File:Budapeszt-panorama srodmiescie.jpg|thumb|250px|View of the riverfront of Pest.]]
[[File:Budapeszt-panorama srodmiescie.jpg|thumb|250px|View of the riverfront of Pest]]
'''Pest''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈpɛʃt}}) is the eastern, mostly flat part of [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]], comprising about two thirds of the city's territory. It is separated from [[Buda]] and [[Óbuda]], the western parts of Budapest, by the [[Danube River]]. Among its most notable sights are the [[Inner City (Budapest)|Inner City]], the [[Hungarian Parliament Building]], [[Heroes' Square (Budapest)|Heroes' Square]] and [[Andrássy Avenue]]. In colloquial [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], "Pest" is often used for the whole [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Budapest. The three parts of [[Budapest]] (Pest, [[Buda]], [[Óbuda]]) united in 1873.
'''Pest''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈpɛʃt}}) is the eastern, mostly flat part of [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]], comprising about two-thirds of the city's territory. It is separated from [[Buda]] and [[Óbuda]], the western parts of Budapest, by the [[Danube River]]. Among its most notable sights are the [[Inner City (Budapest)|Inner City]], the [[Hungarian Parliament Building]], [[Heroes' Square (Budapest)|Heroes' Square]] and [[Andrássy Avenue]].
In colloquial [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], "Pest" is often used for the whole [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Budapest. The three parts of Budapest (Pest, Buda, Óbuda) united in 1873.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
According to [[Ptolemy]] the settlement was called ''Pession'' in ancient times ([[Contra-Aquincum]]).{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=April 2019}} Alternatively, the name ''Pest'' may have come from a Slavic word meaning "furnace", "oven" (Bulgarian пещ ['pɛʃt]; Serbian пећ/peć; Croatian "peć"), related to the word пещера (meaning "cave"), probably with reference to a local cave where fire burned.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C | title=Placenames of the World | author=Adrian Room | publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] | year=2006 | page=70 | ISBN=0-7864-2248-3}}</ref> The spelling ''Pesth'' was occasionally used in English, even as late as the early 20th century,<ref>[http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/P/PES/pesth.html Pesth]</ref> although it is now considered archaic.
According to [[Ptolemy]] the settlement was called ''Pession'' in ancient times ([[Contra-Aquincum]]).{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=April 2019}} Alternatively, the name ''Pest'' may have come from a Slavic word meaning "furnace", "oven" (Bulgarian {{lang|bg|пещ}} {{IPA|[ˈpɛʃt]}}; Serbian {{lang|sr-Cyrl|пећ}}/''peć''; Croatian ''peć''), related to the word {{lang|bg|пещера}} (meaning "cave"), probably with reference to a local cave where fire burned.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C | title=Placenames of the World | author=Adrian Room | publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] | year=2006 | page=70 | isbn=0-7864-2248-3}}</ref> The spelling ''Pesth'' was occasionally used in English, even as late as the early 20th century,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.1902encyclopedia.com/P/PES/pesth.html|title=Pesth (part of modern-day Budapest), Hungary|website=www.1902encyclopedia.com}}</ref> although it is now considered archaic.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Flag of Pest (pre-1873).svg|left|thumb|Flag of Pest before 1873.<ref name="symbols">{{cite book|last=|first=|editor-first=András|editor-last=Nyerges|title=Pest-Buda, Budapest szimbólumai|trans-title=Budapest arms & colours: throughout the centuries|year=1998|publisher=Budapest Főváros Levéltára|location=Budapest|page=2}}</ref>]]
[[File:Flag of Pest (pre-1873).svg|left|thumb|Flag of Pest before 1873<ref name="symbols">{{cite book|editor-first=András|editor-last=Nyerges|title=Pest-Buda, Budapest szimbólumai|trans-title=Budapest arms & colours: throughout the centuries|year=1998|publisher=Budapest Főváros Levéltára|location=Budapest|page=2}}</ref>]]
[[File:Pest város címere 1703.JPG|right|thumb|150px|Historical coat of arms of Pest, used between 1703-1873.<ref name="symbols" />]]
[[File:Pest város címere 1703.JPG|right|thumb|150px|Historical coat of arms of Pest, used between 1703 and 1873<ref name="symbols" />]]
[[File:Pesth - Peeters Jacob - 1686.jpg|thumb|Buda and Pest view from 1686]]
⚫
Pest was a separate independent [[city]], references to which appear in writings dating back to 1148. In earlier centuries there were ancient [[Celt]]ic and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] settlements there. Pest became an important economic center during 11th–13th centuries. It was destroyed in the 1241 [[First Mongol invasion of Hungary|Mongol invasion of Hungary]] but rebuilt once again soon thereafter. In 1838 it was flooded by the [[Danube]]; parts of the city were under as much as eight feet of water, and the flood destroyed or seriously damaged three-fourths of the city’s buildings.<ref name="The Once and Future Budapest">{{cite book|last1=Nemes|first1=Robert|title=The Once and Future Budapest|date=2005|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|location=DeKalb, Ill.|isbn=0-87580-337-7|page=107}}</ref> In 1849 the first suspension bridge, the [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]], was constructed across the Danube connecting Pest with [[Buda]]. Subsequently, in 1873, the two cities were unified with [[Óbuda]] to become [[Budapest]].
Pest was originally founded as a [[Celt]]ic settlement, then a fortified camp established by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] (Contra-Aquincum) across the river from their military border camp at [[Aquincum]]. Remains of the original Roman camp can still be seen at Március 15. tér.


During the Middle Ages, Pest was an independent [[city]] separate from Buda/Ofen, which became an important economic center during the 11th–13th centuries. The first written mention dates back to 1148.
{{climate chart|Pest
|-7|-1|40
|-6|0|28
|-2|5|29
|4|11|26
|10|18|62
|15|24|73
|18|26|73
|17|25|89
|13|21|67
|7|14|52
|2|7|60
|-4|2|51
|float=right
|clear=both
}}


Pest was destroyed in 1241 [[First Mongol invasion of Hungary|Mongol invasion of Hungary]], but was rebuilt shortly thereafter.
⚫
==Notable people==
⚫
{{main|List of people from Budapest}}


Demographically, in the 15th century Pest was mostly Hungarian, while Buda across the Danube had a German-majority population.<ref name=Pallas>{{cite web |url= http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/pallas/html/016/pc001672.html#9 |title= Budapest |work= A Pallas Nagy Lexikona |language= hu |access-date= 2009-11-03}}</ref>
Writer, statesman and magician [[László Teleki]], [[Theodor Herzl]], and [[Harry Houdini]] are from Pest.
{{anchor|1838 Great Flood of Pest}}
[[File:Pest térképe 1758.jpg|thumb|A map of Pest in 1758, published in 1830. Outside the city wall ran a country road, mirrored by today's [[Small Boulevard (Budapest)|Kiskörút]] completed in 1880, which forms a circular arc between [[Deák Ferenc tér]] and [[Fővám tér metro station|Fővám tér]].]]
⚫
In 1838 Pest was flooded by the [[Danube]]; parts of the city were under as much as eight feet of water, and the flood destroyed or seriously damaged three-fourths of the city's buildings.<ref name="The Once and Future Budapest">{{cite book|last1=Nemes|first1=Robert|title=The Once and Future Budapest |date=2005|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|location=DeKalb, Ill.|isbn=0-87580-337-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/oncefuturebudape0000neme/page/107 107]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oncefuturebudape0000neme/page/107}}</ref> In 1849 the first suspension bridge, the [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]], was constructed across the Danube connecting Pest with [[Buda]]. Subsequently, in 1873, the two cities were unified with [[Óbuda]] to become [[Budapest]].

⚫
==Notable people==
⚫
{{Main|List of people from Budapest}}
*[[László Teleki]] (1811–1861), writer, statesman and magician
*[[Henrik Weber]] (1818–1866), painter
*[[Theodor Herzl]] (1860–1904), founder of the political Zionist movement
*[[Harry Houdini]] (1874–1926), illusionist and escape acts performer


==See also==
==See also==
Line 47: Line 44:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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==External links==
==External links==
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{{Commons category|Pest (Hungary)}}
{{Wikivoyage|Budapest/Pest|Pest}}
{{Wikivoyage|Budapest/Pest|Pest}}


{{coord|47|30|N|19|6|E|region:HU-BU_type:city_source:dewiki|display=title}}
{{Coord|47|30|N|19|6|E|region:HU-BU_type:city_source:dewiki|display=title}}

⚫
{{commons category|Pest (Hungary)}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Pest, Hungary|*]]
[[Category:Pest, Hungary| ]]
[[Category:Geography of Budapest]]
[[Category:Geography of Budapest]]

Latest revision as of 17:49, 8 August 2023

Buda and Pest connected by Széchenyi Chain Bridge
View of the riverfront of Pest

Pest (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpɛʃt]) is the eastern, mostly flat part of Budapest, Hungary, comprising about two-thirds of the city's territory. It is separated from Buda and Óbuda, the western parts of Budapest, by the Danube River. Among its most notable sights are the Inner City, the Hungarian Parliament Building, Heroes' Square and Andrássy Avenue.

In colloquial Hungarian, "Pest" is often used for the whole capital of Budapest. The three parts of Budapest (Pest, Buda, Óbuda) united in 1873.

Etymology[edit]

According to Ptolemy the settlement was called Pession in ancient times (Contra-Aquincum).[citation needed] Alternatively, the name Pest may have come from a Slavic word meaning "furnace", "oven" (Bulgarian пещ [ˈpɛʃt]; Serbian пећ/peć; Croatian peć), related to the word пещера (meaning "cave"), probably with reference to a local cave where fire burned.[1] The spelling Pesth was occasionally used in English, even as late as the early 20th century,[2] although it is now considered archaic.

History[edit]

Flag of Pest before 1873[3]
Historical coat of arms of Pest, used between 1703 and 1873[3]
Buda and Pest view from 1686

Pest was originally founded as a Celtic settlement, then a fortified camp established by the Romans (Contra-Aquincum) across the river from their military border camp at Aquincum. Remains of the original Roman camp can still be seen at Március 15. tér.

During the Middle Ages, Pest was an independent city separate from Buda/Ofen, which became an important economic center during the 11th–13th centuries. The first written mention dates back to 1148.

Pest was destroyed in 1241 Mongol invasion of Hungary, but was rebuilt shortly thereafter.

Demographically, in the 15th century Pest was mostly Hungarian, while Buda across the Danube had a German-majority population.[4]

A map of Pest in 1758, published in 1830. Outside the city wall ran a country road, mirrored by today's Kiskörút completed in 1880, which forms a circular arc between Deák Ferenc tér and Fővám tér.

In 1838 Pest was flooded by the Danube; parts of the city were under as much as eight feet of water, and the flood destroyed or seriously damaged three-fourths of the city's buildings.[5] In 1849 the first suspension bridge, the Széchenyi Chain Bridge, was constructed across the Danube connecting Pest with Buda. Subsequently, in 1873, the two cities were unified with Óbuda to become Budapest.

Notable people[edit]

Main article: List of people from Budapest

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Adrian Room (2006). Placenames of the World. McFarland & Company. p. 70. ISBN 0-7864-2248-3.
  2. ^ "Pesth (part of modern-day Budapest), Hungary". www.1902encyclopedia.com.
  3. ^ a b Nyerges, András, ed. (1998). Pest-Buda, Budapest szimbólumai [Budapest arms & colours: throughout the centuries]. Budapest: Budapest Főváros Levéltára. p. 2.
  4. ^ "Budapest". A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2009-11-03.
  5. ^ Nemes, Robert (2005). The Once and Future Budapest. DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-87580-337-7.

Further reading[edit]

  • Beksics, Gusztáv: Magyarosodás és magyarositás. Különös tekintettel városainkra. Budapest, 1883

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pest (Hungary).
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pest.

47°30′N 19°6′E / 47.500°N 19.100°E / 47.500; 19.100

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pest,_Hungary&oldid=1169368476"