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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Sri Lankan white-eye
| name = Sri Lankan white-eye
| image = Sri_Lanka_Hill_White-Eye.jpg
| image = Sri Lanka Hill White-Eye.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22714023 |title=''Zosterops ceylonensis'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Zosterops ceylonensis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22714023A94397877 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22714023A94397877.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| genus = Zosterops
⚫
| species = ceylonensis
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| authority = [[Edmund William Hunt Holdsworth|Holdsworth]], 1872
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[White-eye|Zosteropidae]]
| genus = ''[[Zosterops]]''
⚫
| species = '''''Z. ceylonensis'''''
| binomial = ''Zosterops ceylonensis''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Edmund William Hunt Holdsworth|Holdsworth]], 1872
}}
}}


The '''Sri Lanka white-eye''' (''Zosterops ceylonensis'') is a small [[passerine]] [[bird]] in the [[white-eye]] family. It is a resident breeder in forests, gardens and plantations which is [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[Sri Lanka]], mainly in the highlands.
The '''Sri Lanka white-eye''' ('''''Zosterops ceylonensis''''') is a small [[passerine]] [[bird]] in the [[white-eye]] family, which is [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[Sri Lanka]]. It is a resident breeder in forests, gardens and plantations, mainly in the highlands.

== Taxonomy ==
A study showed that it is not sister to the other Sri Lankan species, the Indian White-eye (''Zosterops palpebrosus''), and it also suggested that it is the root species which gave rise to all [[White-eye|white-eyes]] on Earth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wickramasinghe|first1=Nelum|last2=Robin|first2=V. V.|last3=Ramakrishnan|first3=Uma|last4=Reddy|first4=Sushma|last5=Seneviratne|first5=Sampath S.|date=2017-08-09|title=Non-sister Sri Lankan white-eyes (genus Zosterops) are a result of independent colonizations|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=12|issue=8|pages=e0181441|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181441|issn=1932-6203|pmc=5549887|pmid=28792950|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1281441W |doi-access=free}}</ref> This raises further questions on white-eye origins.


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:ZosteropsCeylonensisSmit.jpg|thumb|left|Comparison with Oriental white-eye (above)]]
[[File:ZosteropsCeylonensisSmit.jpg|thumb|left|Comparison with Indian white-eye (above)]]
This bird is slightly larger than the [[Oriental white-eye]] (about 11&nbsp;cm long) which it replaces above 4000&nbsp;ft. The upper parts of the body and sides of neck are dark olive green. The rump appears paler green while the crown and forehead appear darker. The wings and tail are brown edged with green on the back. The typical ring of tiny white feathers around the eye is present. The lores are dark and there is a dark streak below the eye. The chin, throat and upper breast are greenish-yellow as are the thighs and vent. The belly region is grayish white. The dark bill has a slaty base to the lower [[mandible]]. The legs are dark. The iris is yellow to reddish-brown.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wait |first=Walter Ernest |year=1922 |title=The passerine birds of Ceylon |journal=[[Spolia Zeylanica]] |volume=12 |page=182 |url=http://www.archive.org/stream/passerinebirdsof00wait#page/182}}</ref>
This bird is slightly larger than the [[Indian white-eye]] (about 11&nbsp;cm long) which it replaces above 4000&nbsp;ft. The upper parts of the body and sides of neck are dark olive-green. The rump appears paler green while the crown and forehead appear darker. The wings and tail are brown edged with green on the back. The typical ring of tiny white feathers around the eye is present. The lores are dark and there is a dark streak below the eye. The chin, throat and upper breast are greenish-yellow as are the thighs and vent. The belly region is greyish white. The dark bill has a slaty base to the lower [[mandible]]. The legs are dark. The iris is yellow to reddish-brown.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wait |first=Walter Ernest |year=1922 |title=The passerine birds of Ceylon |journal=[[Spolia Zeylanica]] |volume=12 |page=182 |url=https://archive.org/stream/passerinebirdsof00wait#page/182}}</ref>
⚫
This species can be distinguished from the widespread Oriental white-eye, ''Zosterops palpebrosus'', by its larger size, duller green back and more extensive yellow on the breast. It has a darker patch between the eye and the bill.


⚫
This species can be distinguished from the widespread Indian white-eye, ''Zosterops palpebrosus'', by its larger size, duller green back and more extensive yellow on the breast. It has a darker patch between the eye and the bill.
⚫
It is sociable, forming large flocks which only separate on the approach of the breeding season. It builds a tree nest and lays 3 unspotted pale blue eggs.


⚫
It is sociable, forming large flocks which only disperse with the approach of the breeding season. It builds a tree nest and lays 3 unspotted pale blue eggs.
⚫
Though mainly [[insectivorous]], Sri Lankan white-eye will also eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.


⚫
Though mainly [[insectivorous]], the Sri Lankan white-eye will also eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.
⚫
The English and scientific names refer to the conspicuous ring of white feathers round the eyes, ''Zosterops'' being [[Greek language|Greek]] for girdle-eye.

⚫
The English and scientific names refer to the conspicuous ring of white feathers around the eyes, ''Zosterops'' being [[Greek language|Greek]] for "girdle-eye".


==In culture==
==In culture==
In [[Sri Lanka]], this bird is known as ''Lanka Sithasiya'' in the [[Sinhala language]]. This bird appears in a 35c Sri Lankan postal stamp first issued in 1983.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdtheme.org/country/srilanka.html |title=Bird stamps from Sri Lanka |first=Kjell |last=Scharning |publisher=BirdTheme.org |date=20 November 2011 |accessdate=7 February 2012}}</ref>
In [[Sri Lanka]], this bird is known as ''Lanka Sithasiya'' in the [[Sinhala language]]. This bird appears on a 35c Sri Lankan postage stamp first issued in 1983.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdtheme.org/country/srilanka.html |title=Bird stamps from Sri Lanka |first=Kjell |last=Scharning |publisher=BirdTheme.org |date=20 November 2011 |access-date=7 February 2012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Zosterops ceylonensis}}
{{Commons category|Zosterops ceylonensis}}
⚫
{{Reflist|2}}
[[File:Sri Lanka White-eye, Haggala, Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
⚫
{{reflist|2}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2225715}}


[[Category:Animals described in 1872]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1872]]
[[Category:Birds of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Birds of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Zosterops]]
[[Category:Zosterops]]

Latest revision as of 00:53, 11 August 2023

Sri Lankan white-eye
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Zosteropidae
Genus: Zosterops
Species:
Z. ceylonensis
Binomial name
Zosterops ceylonensis

The Sri Lanka white-eye (Zosterops ceylonensis) is a small passerine bird in the white-eye family, which is endemic to Sri Lanka. It is a resident breeder in forests, gardens and plantations, mainly in the highlands.

Taxonomy

[edit]

A study showed that it is not sister to the other Sri Lankan species, the Indian White-eye (Zosterops palpebrosus), and it also suggested that it is the root species which gave rise to all white-eyes on Earth.[2] This raises further questions on white-eye origins.

Description

[edit]
Comparison with Indian white-eye (above)

This bird is slightly larger than the Indian white-eye (about 11 cm long) which it replaces above 4000 ft. The upper parts of the body and sides of neck are dark olive-green. The rump appears paler green while the crown and forehead appear darker. The wings and tail are brown edged with green on the back. The typical ring of tiny white feathers around the eye is present. The lores are dark and there is a dark streak below the eye. The chin, throat and upper breast are greenish-yellow as are the thighs and vent. The belly region is greyish white. The dark bill has a slaty base to the lower mandible. The legs are dark. The iris is yellow to reddish-brown.[3]

This species can be distinguished from the widespread Indian white-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus, by its larger size, duller green back and more extensive yellow on the breast. It has a darker patch between the eye and the bill.

It is sociable, forming large flocks which only disperse with the approach of the breeding season. It builds a tree nest and lays 3 unspotted pale blue eggs.

Though mainly insectivorous, the Sri Lankan white-eye will also eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.

The English and scientific names refer to the conspicuous ring of white feathers around the eyes, Zosterops being Greek for "girdle-eye".

In culture

[edit]

In Sri Lanka, this bird is known as Lanka Sithasiya in the Sinhala language. This bird appears on a 35c Sri Lankan postage stamp first issued in 1983.[4]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zosterops ceylonensis.
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Zosterops ceylonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22714023A94397877. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22714023A94397877.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Wickramasinghe, Nelum; Robin, V. V.; Ramakrishnan, Uma; Reddy, Sushma; Seneviratne, Sampath S. (9 August 2017). "Non-sister Sri Lankan white-eyes (genus Zosterops) are a result of independent colonizations". PLOS ONE. 12 (8): e0181441. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1281441W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181441. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5549887. PMID 28792950.
  3. ^ Wait, Walter Ernest (1922). "The passerine birds of Ceylon". Spolia Zeylanica. 12: 182.
  4. ^ Scharning, Kjell (20 November 2011). "Bird stamps from Sri Lanka". BirdTheme.org. Retrieved 7 February 2012.

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