Aubrey Spencer: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|English bishop (1795–1872)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} |
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{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}} |
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{{Refimprove|date=August 2007}} |
{{Refimprove|date=August 2007}} |
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{{Infobox Christian leader |
{{Infobox Christian leader |
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| name = Aubrey George Spencer |
| name = Aubrey George Spencer |
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| title = Bishop of Jamaica |
| title = Bishop of Jamaica |
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| image = Aubrey |
| image = Portrait of Aubrey Spencer (4671159).jpg |
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| alt = |
| alt = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| church = modern day [[Church in the Province of the West Indies]] |
| church = modern day [[Church in the Province of the West Indies]] |
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| archdiocese = |
| archdiocese = |
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| diocese = |
| diocese = |
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| see = [[ |
| see = [[Diocese of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands|Jamaica]] |
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| term = 1843–1855 |
| term = 1843–1855 |
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| predecessor = |
| predecessor = |
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| rank = |
| rank = |
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<!-- Personal details --> |
<!-- Personal details --> |
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| birth_date = |
| birth_date = 8 February 1795 |
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| birth_place = |
| birth_place = London, England |
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| death_date = {{d-da|24 February 1872|12 February 1795}} |
| death_date = {{d-da|24 February 1872|12 February 1795}} |
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| death_place = [[Torquay]], |
| death_place = [[Torquay]], Devon, England. |
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| previous_post = [[ |
| previous_post = [[Colony of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] and [[Bermuda]] |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Aubrey George Spencer lithograph coat of arms.jpg|thumb|A lithograph of Spencer, with his [[coat of arms]]]] |
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'''Aubrey George Spencer''' (8 February 1795 – 24 February 1872)<ref>''DEATH OF THE BISHOP OF JAMAICA'' [[The Morning Post]] (London, England), Monday, 26 February 1872; pg. 6; Issue 30645</ref> was the first bishop of the [[Anglican]] Diocese of [[Colony of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] and [[Bermuda]] (1839–1843). He was also [[Diocese of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands|bishop of Jamaica]]. His brother [[George Spencer (bishop)|George Spencer]] became [[Diocese of Madras of the Church of South India|Bishop of Madras]]. He is from the [[Spencer family]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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George Spencer was born |
Aubrey George Spencer was born in London, England on 8 February 1795. He was the son of [[William Spencer (poet)|William Spencer]] (1769–1834), younger son of [[Lord Charles Spencer]], and a great-grandson of [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]]; his German mother Susan being a Countess of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Among his cousins were the Bavarian diplomat, Count [[Franz Oliver von Jenison-Walworth]] (son of his uncle, Count [[Franz von Jenison-Walworth]])..<ref name="Hicks2014">{{cite book |last1=Hicks |first1=Carola |title=Improper Pursuits: The Scandalous Life of an Earlier Lady Diana Spencer |date=19 August 2014 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-1-4668-7864-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9HrAwAAQBAJ |access-date=30 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Spencer was educated at [[St Albans School (Hertfordshire)|St Albans School]], and privately in Greenwich prior to joining the navy. His health failed him and he was discharged and decided to become a priest. Spencer went to study at [[Magdalen Hall, Oxford]] and was made deacon in 1818. He was ordained a priest in 1819 by the Bishop of Norwich. Spencer's first assignment was officiating as a curate at Prittlewell, Essex, before becoming a [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel]] missionary to Newfoundland. There he served at [[Ferryland]] and [[Trinity, Newfoundland and Labrador|Trinity Bay]] before the cold undermined his health and he moved to [[Bermuda]]. |
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Having been appointed Archdeacon and Rector of Paget and Warwick, he published a collection of his sermons, acquired a Lambeth D.D. and turned down in 1829 the offer of the [[Archdeaconry of Newfoundland]]. In 1839, he readily accepted when, perhaps helped by his aristocratic and Whig connections, he was offered the bishopric of Newfoundland. He was consecrated [[Bishop of Newfoundland|Bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda]], alongside [[John Strachan]], who was the first Bishop of [[Toronto]]. Their consecration took place at the chapel in [[Lambeth Palace]] of 4 August 1839. [[William Howley]], being archbishop of Canterbury, with Bishops [[Charles James Blomfield]] of London, [[William Cotter (bishop)|William Otter]] of Chichester, and [[John Inglis, third Bishop of Nova Scotia|John Inglis]] of Nova Scotia participated in Spencer's consecration. |
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===Bishop of Newfoundland=== |
===Bishop of Newfoundland=== |
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In Newfoundland he increased the number of clergy by offering stipends guaranteed by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, built schools and new churches, and laid the foundation stone for a cathedral. He |
In Newfoundland, he increased the number of clergy by offering stipends guaranteed by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, built schools and new churches, and laid the foundation stone for a cathedral. He reorganised the church into rural deaneries, revived the Diocesan Church Society to raise money, and formed a Theological Institute to produce a local ministry. To increase the number of clergy he ordained schoolmasters belonging to the Newfoundland School Society. He obtained control of that society by becoming a Vice-President, licensing its schoolmasters (if not ordained) to act as lay readers, and appointed the Rev. T. F. H. Bridge, his ablest assistant, to act as its local Superintendent. He described the society, in its 21st Annual Report, as "the greatest bulwark of the Protestant faith in that dreary and benighted land". |
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[[Image:gspencerII.jpg|thumb|left]] |
[[Image:gspencerII.jpg|thumb|left]] |
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Spencer was described by Prowse, the 19th century Newfoundland historian, as "an evangelical of the old school of [[William Wilberforce|Wilberforce]] and [[Edward Bickersteth (1786–1850)|Bickersteth]]." He had little time for dissent, and the [[Methodist]]s were quick to attack his making the Newfoundland School Society an auxiliary of the church, accusing him of having "high and exclusive claims", and of influencing the younger generation and "infusing into their minds the common notions of the high church party". They were surprised that Spencer's Anglicanism, although |
Spencer was described by Prowse, the 19th century Newfoundland historian, as "an evangelical of the old school of [[William Wilberforce|Wilberforce]] and [[Edward Bickersteth (1786–1850)|Bickersteth]]." He had little time for dissent, and the [[Methodist]]s were quick to attack his making the Newfoundland School Society an auxiliary of the church, accusing him of having "high and exclusive claims", and of influencing the younger generation and "infusing into their minds the common notions of the high church party". They were surprised that Spencer's Anglicanism, although [[low church]], did not favour them. Had they read his sermon preached in St John's, they would have realised that not only was he very anti-Tractarian and anti-Catholic, he also insisted on the Church of England having its ministry from the Apostles and condemned those who rejected forms and undervalued the sacraments. Part of Spencer's legacy to his successor, [[Edward Feild]], was thus rather poor relations with the Methodists. |
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===Final years=== |
===Final years=== |
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He was once again troubled by ill health and in consequence obtained his translation to Jamaica where he was bishop until 1855. He then retired to England, to Torquay, and |
He was once again troubled by ill health and in consequence obtained his translation to Jamaica where he was bishop until 1855. He then retired to England, to Torquay, and he occasionally assisted the ageing Bishop of Exeter, Phillpotts. His last publication, ''A Brief Account of the Church of England, its Faith and Worship: as shown by the Book of Common Prayer,'' published in 1867, was circulated in Spanish and Italian by the Anglo-Continental Society, and was a decidedly Protestant work. It declared that the reformers had aimed to maintain [[apostolic succession]], that the Church of England was merely a part or branch of the [[Christian Church|catholic Church of Christ]], that all other Christians in England were in error, that Auricular Confession was inadmissible in the Church of England, that there should be no adoration of the consecrated bread and wine at communion, and that a branch of the Church without bishops was still a church. It was very traditional and very Protestant. His long illness caught up with him and in 1872 Spencer died. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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*Methodist Missionary Society, Reports and letters, 1789 |
*Methodist Missionary Society, Reports and letters, 1789 – 1875. Especially NA Box13E. |
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*Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. |
*Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. |
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*Pascoe, G. Digest of SPG Records, |
*Pascoe, G. Digest of SPG Records, 1701–1892. 5th Ed. London, 1895. |
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*Prowse,D.W. A History of Newfoundland. 2nd Ed. London, 1896. |
*Prowse,D.W. A History of Newfoundland. 2nd Ed. London, 1896. |
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*Reports of Newfoundland Schools Society, 1823 onwards. |
*Reports of Newfoundland Schools Society, 1823 onwards. |
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*[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5275 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''] |
*[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5275 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''] |
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*[http://anglicanhistory.org/canada/nf/spencer_memoriam1872.html Contemporary obituary] from [[Project Canterbury]] |
*[http://anglicanhistory.org/canada/nf/spencer_memoriam1872.html Contemporary obituary] from [[Project Canterbury]] |
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*[http://www2.marianopolis.edu/nfldhistory/Newfoundland%20biographies%20Q-Z.htm Aubrey George Spencer] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051219054100/http://www2.marianopolis.edu/nfldhistory/Newfoundland%20biographies%20Q-Z.htm Aubrey George Spencer] |
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*[ |
*[https://www.mun.ca/rels/ang/texts/ang7.html Sermon Good Friday, 1842] |
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*{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Spencer, Aubrey George|short=x}} |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{s-rel|en}} |
{{s-rel|en}} |
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{{s-new|diocese}} |
{{s-new|diocese}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Diocese of Newfoundland|Bishop of Newfoundland]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Diocese of Newfoundland|Bishop of Newfoundland]]|years=1839–1843}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Edward Feild]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward Feild]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Christopher Lipscomb]]}} |
{{s-bef|before=[[Christopher Lipscomb]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Anglican Diocese of Jamaica|Bishop of Jamaica]]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Anglican Diocese of Jamaica|Bishop of Jamaica]]|years=1843–1855}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Reginald Courtenay (bishop of Jamaica)|Reginald Courtenay]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Reginald Courtenay (bishop of Jamaica)|Reginald Courtenay]]}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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[[Category:1795 births]] |
[[Category:1795 births]] |
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[[Category:1872 deaths]] |
[[Category:1872 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:19th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Anglican bishops]] |
[[Category:19th-century Anglican bishops in the Caribbean]] |
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[[Category:Anglican bishops of Newfoundland]] |
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Newfoundland]] |
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[[Category:Anglican bishops |
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Jamaica]] |
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[[Category:People from St Albans]] |
[[Category:People from St Albans]] |
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[[Category:People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire]] |
[[Category:People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire]] |
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[[Category:Spencer |
[[Category:Spencer family|Aubrey]] |
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[[Category:Archdeacons of Bermuda]] |
[[Category:Archdeacons of Bermuda]] |
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[[Category:British expatriate bishops]] |
Latest revision as of 05:44, 12 August 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2007) |
Aubrey George Spencer | |
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Bishop of Jamaica | |
Church | modern day Church in the Province of the West Indies |
See | Jamaika |
In office | 1843–1855 |
Previous post(s) | Newfoundland and Bermuda |
Orders | |
Ordination | 1819 |
Personal details | |
Born | 8 February 1795 London, England |
Died | 24 February 1872 Torquay, Devon, England. | (aged 77)
Aubrey George Spencer (8 February 1795 – 24 February 1872)[1] was the first bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Newfoundland and Bermuda (1839–1843). He was also bishop of Jamaica. His brother George Spencer became Bishop of Madras. He is from the Spencer family.
Leben
[edit]Aubrey George Spencer was born in London, England on 8 February 1795. He was the son of William Spencer (1769–1834), younger son of Lord Charles Spencer, and a great-grandson of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; his German mother Susan being a Countess of the Holy Roman Empire. Among his cousins were the Bavarian diplomat, Count Franz Oliver von Jenison-Walworth (son of his uncle, Count Franz von Jenison-Walworth)..[2]
Spencer was educated at St Albans School, and privately in Greenwich prior to joining the navy. His health failed him and he was discharged and decided to become a priest. Spencer went to study at Magdalen Hall, Oxford and was made deacon in 1818. He was ordained a priest in 1819 by the Bishop of Norwich. Spencer's first assignment was officiating as a curate at Prittlewell, Essex, before becoming a Society for the Propagation of the Gospel missionary to Newfoundland. There he served at Ferryland and Trinity Bay before the cold undermined his health and he moved to Bermuda.
Having been appointed Archdeacon and Rector of Paget and Warwick, he published a collection of his sermons, acquired a Lambeth D.D. and turned down in 1829 the offer of the Archdeaconry of Newfoundland. In 1839, he readily accepted when, perhaps helped by his aristocratic and Whig connections, he was offered the bishopric of Newfoundland. He was consecrated Bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda, alongside John Strachan, who was the first Bishop of Toronto. Their consecration took place at the chapel in Lambeth Palace of 4 August 1839. William Howley, being archbishop of Canterbury, with Bishops Charles James Blomfield of London, William Otter of Chichester, and John Inglis of Nova Scotia participated in Spencer's consecration.
Bishop of Newfoundland
[edit]In Newfoundland, he increased the number of clergy by offering stipends guaranteed by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, built schools and new churches, and laid the foundation stone for a cathedral. He reorganised the church into rural deaneries, revived the Diocesan Church Society to raise money, and formed a Theological Institute to produce a local ministry. To increase the number of clergy he ordained schoolmasters belonging to the Newfoundland School Society. He obtained control of that society by becoming a Vice-President, licensing its schoolmasters (if not ordained) to act as lay readers, and appointed the Rev. T. F. H. Bridge, his ablest assistant, to act as its local Superintendent. He described the society, in its 21st Annual Report, as "the greatest bulwark of the Protestant faith in that dreary and benighted land".
Spencer was described by Prowse, the 19th century Newfoundland historian, as "an evangelical of the old school of Wilberforce and Bickersteth." He had little time for dissent, and the Methodists were quick to attack his making the Newfoundland School Society an auxiliary of the church, accusing him of having "high and exclusive claims", and of influencing the younger generation and "infusing into their minds the common notions of the high church party". They were surprised that Spencer's Anglicanism, although low church, did not favour them. Had they read his sermon preached in St John's, they would have realised that not only was he very anti-Tractarian and anti-Catholic, he also insisted on the Church of England having its ministry from the Apostles and condemned those who rejected forms and undervalued the sacraments. Part of Spencer's legacy to his successor, Edward Feild, was thus rather poor relations with the Methodists.
Final years
[edit]He was once again troubled by ill health and in consequence obtained his translation to Jamaica where he was bishop until 1855. He then retired to England, to Torquay, and he occasionally assisted the ageing Bishop of Exeter, Phillpotts. His last publication, A Brief Account of the Church of England, its Faith and Worship: as shown by the Book of Common Prayer, published in 1867, was circulated in Spanish and Italian by the Anglo-Continental Society, and was a decidedly Protestant work. It declared that the reformers had aimed to maintain apostolic succession, that the Church of England was merely a part or branch of the catholic Church of Christ, that all other Christians in England were in error, that Auricular Confession was inadmissible in the Church of England, that there should be no adoration of the consecrated bread and wine at communion, and that a branch of the Church without bishops was still a church. It was very traditional and very Protestant. His long illness caught up with him and in 1872 Spencer died.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ DEATH OF THE BISHOP OF JAMAICA The Morning Post (London, England), Monday, 26 February 1872; pg. 6; Issue 30645
- ^ Hicks, Carola (19 August 2014). Improper Pursuits: The Scandalous Life of an Earlier Lady Diana Spencer. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4668-7864-8. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- Methodist Missionary Society, Reports and letters, 1789 – 1875. Especially NA Box13E.
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- Pascoe, G. Digest of SPG Records, 1701–1892. 5th Ed. London, 1895.
- Prowse,D.W. A History of Newfoundland. 2nd Ed. London, 1896.
- Reports of Newfoundland Schools Society, 1823 onwards.
- A Sermon Preached at Lambeth Palace, on Sunday, August 4, 1839, before the Most Rev. His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishops of London, Chichester, and Nova-Scotia at the Consecration of the Lord of Bishop of Newfoundland, and the Lord Bishop of Toronto and Published by the Command of His Grace the Lord Archbishop, by Edward Scobell (London: J. Hatchard, 1839)
External links
[edit]- 1795 births
- 1872 deaths
- 19th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
- 19th-century Anglican bishops in the Caribbean
- Anglican bishops of Newfoundland
- Anglican bishops of Jamaica
- People from St Albans
- People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire
- Spencer family
- Archdeacons of Bermuda
- British expatriate bishops