Jump to content

Mohammad Jawad al-Balaghi: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Removing Jawadalbalaghi.png; it has been deleted from Commons by Mdaniels5757 because: per c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Sourceofgrace.
 
(7 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Iraqi Shia religious authority and poet (1865–1933)}}
⚫
[[Ayatollah]] [[Sheikh]] '''Muhammad-Jawad al-Balaghi al-Najafi''' ({{lang-ar|محمد جواد البلاغي النجفي}}; 1865–December 10, 1933) was an [[Iraqis|Iraqi]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] religious authority, [[author]], [[poet]], and [[polemic]]ist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imamreza.net/old/eng/imamreza.php?id=1983|title=Allamah Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Balaghi Najafi {{!}}{{!}} Imam Reza (A.S.) Network|website=www.imamreza.net|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=al-Tehrani|first=Agha Buzurg|url=http://alfeker.net/library.php?id=3324|title=Tabaqat A'lam al-Shia; Nuqaba al-Bashar Fi al-Qarn al-Rabi' 'Ashar|publisher=Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi|year=2009|volume=13|location=Cairo, Egpyt|pages=323-26|trans-title=Levels of the Notables of the Shia (14th Century)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=al-Hasun|first=Muhammad|url=https://ketabpedia.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-1282-1352%D9%87/|title=al-Alama al-Balaghi: Rajul al-Ilm wal-Jihad|publisher=Manshoorat al-Rafid|year=2009|location=Beirut, Lebanon|language=ar|trans-title=al-Balaghi Scholar: Man of Knowledge and Religious Strive}}</ref> {{Infobox religious biography|honorific-prefix=[[Ayatollah]] [[Sheikh]]|native_name={{lang|ar|الشيخ محمد جواد البلاغي النجفي}}|children=|predecessor=|location=|successor=|period=|religion=[[Islam]]|jurisprudence=[[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam]]|background=#ABE9CC|website=|region=|main_interests=|resting_place=[[Imam Ali Shrine]]|death_place=[[Najaf]], [[Kingdom of Iraq]]|death_date={{death date and age|1933|12|10|1865|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Najaf]], [[Baghdad Vilayet]], [[Ottoman Empire]]|birth_date={{birth year|1865}}|name=Muhammad-Jawad al-Balaghi|caption=|image=File:Jawadalbalaghi.png|parents=Sheikh Hassan al-Balaghi (father)}}It is reported that besides his native [[Arabic]] language, al-Balaghi was also well-versed in [[English language|English]], [[Hebrew]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balagi-mohammad-jawad-b|title=BALĀḠĪ, MOḤAMMAD-JAWĀD – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
⚫
[[Ayatollah]] [[Sheikh]] '''Muhammad-Jawad al-Balaghi al-Najafi''' ({{lang-ar|محمد جواد البلاغي النجفي}}; 1865 – December 10, 1933) was an [[Iraqis|Iraqi]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] religious authority, author, poet, and [[polemic]]ist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imamreza.net/old/eng/imamreza.php?id=1983|title=Allamah Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Balaghi Najafi {{!}}{{!}} Imam Reza (A.S.) Network|website=www.imamreza.net|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=al-Tehrani|first=Agha Buzurg|url=http://alfeker.net/library.php?id=3324|title=Tabaqat A'lam al-Shia; Nuqaba al-Bashar Fi al-Qarn al-Rabi' 'Ashar|publisher=Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi|year=2009|volume=13|location=Cairo, Egypt|pages=323–26|trans-title=Levels of the Notables of the Shia (14th Century)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=al-Hasun|first=Muhammad|url=https://ketabpedia.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-1282-1352%D9%87/|title=al-Alama al-Balaghi: Rajul al-Ilm wal-Jihad|publisher=Manshoorat al-Rafid|year=2009|location=Beirut, Lebanon|language=ar|trans-title=al-Balaghi Scholar: Man of Knowledge and Religious Strive}}</ref> {{Infobox religious biography|honorific-prefix=[[Ayatollah]] [[Sheikh]]|native_name={{lang|ar|الشيخ محمد جواد البلاغي النجفي}}|children=|predecessor=|location=|successor=|period=|religion=[[Islam]]|jurisprudence=[[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam]]|background=#ABE9CC|website=|region=|main_interests=|resting_place=[[Imam Ali Shrine]]|death_place=[[Najaf]], [[Kingdom of Iraq]]|death_date={{death date and age|1933|12|10|1865|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Najaf]], [[Baghdad Vilayet]], [[Ottoman Empire]]|birth_date={{birth year|1865}}|name=Muhammad-Jawad al-Balaghi|caption=|image=|parents=Sheikh Hassan al-Balaghi (father)}}It is reported that besides his native [[Arabic]] language, al-Balaghi was also well-versed in English, [[Hebrew]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balagi-mohammad-jawad-b|title=BALĀḠĪ, MOḤAMMAD-JAWĀD – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>


He was a prominent student of Mirza [[Mirza Taqi al-Shirazi|Muhammad-Taqi al-Shirazi]], supporting him throughout the [[Iraqi revolt of 1920]]; and [[Akhund Khorasani|Muhammad-Kadhim al-Khurasani]].
He was a prominent student of Mirza [[Mirza Taqi al-Shirazi|Muhammad-Taqi al-Shirazi]], supporting him throughout the [[Iraqi revolt of 1920]]; and [[Akhund Khorasani|Muhammad-Kadhim al-Khurasani]].
Line 14: Line 16:
During the [[siege of Kut]], Mirza Taqi travelled to Kadhimiya, who feared that Samarra could end up like Kut, and that way many from the religious sphere would die. al-Balaghi followed Mirza Taqi, and remained in Kadhimiya for two years. He then returned to Najaf in 1920 after his mentor was poisoned.<ref name=":0" />
During the [[siege of Kut]], Mirza Taqi travelled to Kadhimiya, who feared that Samarra could end up like Kut, and that way many from the religious sphere would die. al-Balaghi followed Mirza Taqi, and remained in Kadhimiya for two years. He then returned to Najaf in 1920 after his mentor was poisoned.<ref name=":0" />


=== Notable Students ===
=== Students ===
Some of al-Balaghi's most notable students included:
Some of al-Balaghi's most notable students included:


Line 25: Line 27:
al-Balaghi enjoyed a library of publications, and wrote about many things include jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, Quranic exegesis, inter-faith matters. Some of his books included:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
al-Balaghi enjoyed a library of publications, and wrote about many things include jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, Quranic exegesis, inter-faith matters. Some of his books included:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />


* ''al-Huda Ala Din al-Mustafa'' (Guidance on the religion of [[Muhammad|al-Mustafa]]). 2 volumes. A response to the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopian]] [[hermit]] Abd al-Thaluth al-Habashi.
* ''al-Huda Ala Din al-Mustafa'' (Guidance on the religion of [[Muhammad|al-Mustafa]]). 2 volumes. A response to the Christian [[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopian]] [[hermit]] Abd al-Thaluth al-Habashi.
* ''al-Rihla al-Madrasiyah'' (The School Journey). 3 volumes. A critique of other faiths.
* ''al-Rihla al-Madrasiyah'' (The School Journey). 3 volumes. A critique of other faiths.
* ''Anwar al-Huda'' (The Light of Guidance). A deconstruction of atheism.
* ''Anwar al-Huda'' (The Light of Guidance). A deconstruction of atheism.
Line 40: Line 42:
== Death ==
== Death ==
He died in the early hours of Friday December 3, 1933. He is buried in the third southern room of the west wing of the courtyard of the [[Imam Ali Mosque|Imam Ali Shrine]].<ref name=":0" />
He died in the early hours of Friday December 3, 1933. He is buried in the third southern room of the west wing of the courtyard of the [[Imam Ali Mosque|Imam Ali Shrine]].<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Mirza Jawad Maleki Tabrizi]]
* [[Hibatuddin Shahrestani]]
* [[Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani]]
* [[Noureddin Qudejani Esheni]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 56: Line 64:
[[Category:1865 births]]
[[Category:1865 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:Critics of Christianity]]
[[Category:Iraqi critics of Christianity]]
[[Category:Iraqi Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Iraqi Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Iraqi male writers]]
[[Category:Iraqi male writers]]

Latest revision as of 22:09, 17 August 2023

Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad-Jawad al-Balaghi al-Najafi (Arabic: محمد جواد البلاغي النجفي; 1865 – December 10, 1933) was an Iraqi Shia religious authority, author, poet, and polemicist.[1][2][3]

Ayatollah Sheikh
Muhammad-Jawad al-Balaghi
الشيخ محمد جواد البلاغي النجفي
Personal
Born1865 (1865)
Najaf, Baghdad Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
DiedDecember 10, 1933(1933-12-10) (aged 67–68)
Najaf, Kingdom of Iraq
Resting placeImam Ali Shrine
ReligionIslam
ParentSheikh Hassan al-Balaghi (father)
JurisprudenceTwelver Shia Islam

It is reported that besides his native Arabic language, al-Balaghi was also well-versed in English, Hebrew and Persian.[4]

He was a prominent student of Mirza Muhammad-Taqi al-Shirazi, supporting him throughout the Iraqi revolt of 1920; and Muhammad-Kadhim al-Khurasani.

Family

[edit]

al-Balaghi was from the prominent religious al-Balaghi family. Their origins go back to the Rubeya clan of the tribal Arab Adnanite confederation. al-Balaghi's great ancestor, Sheikh Muhammad al-Balaghi immigrated to Karbala in 1457 to seek a religious education. The patriarch of the intellectual family was Sheikh Muhammad-Ali al-Balaghi who died in Karbala in 1592, who was a grand religious authority, and one of the disseminators of Usul al-Kafi. Later, Sheikh Muhammad-Ali's grandson, Sheikh Hassan al-Balaghi travelled to Najaf, and settled in 1693. al-Balaghi's lineage is as follows:[5][6][7][8]

Muḥammad-Jawād bin Ḥassan bin Ṭalib bin ʿAbbās bin Ibrahīm bin Ḥusayn bin ʿAbbās II bin Ḥassan bin ʿAbbās I bin Muḥammad-ʿAli bin Ḥassan bin Muḥammad bin Balāgh bin Walī-Allāh bin Darwīsh [leading to] Asad bin Rabīʿa bin Nizar bin Maʿad bin ʿAdnan.

Early life and education

[edit]

al-Balaghi was born to Sheikh Hassan al-Balaghi (d. 1882) in November 1865. He grew up in Najaf, and moved to Kadhimiya in 1888 to pursue a religious education.[4]

Bildung

[edit]

Upon completing his muqadamat (introductory studies), he returned to Najaf in 1894. Whilst in Najaf he studied under scholars like Sheikh Muhammad-Kadhim al-Khurasani, Sheikh Muhammad-Taha Najaf, Sayyid Muhammad al-Hindi, and Muhammad-Hassan al-Mamaqani. He then travelled to Samarra in 1908, to study under Mirza Muhammad-Taqi al-Shirazi. He remained in Samarra for ten years studying in its seminary.[3]

During the siege of Kut, Mirza Taqi travelled to Kadhimiya, who feared that Samarra could end up like Kut, and that way many from the religious sphere would die. al-Balaghi followed Mirza Taqi, and remained in Kadhimiya for two years. He then returned to Najaf in 1920 after his mentor was poisoned.[2]

Students

[edit]

Some of al-Balaghi's most notable students included:

Works

[edit]

al-Balaghi enjoyed a library of publications, and wrote about many things include jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, Quranic exegesis, inter-faith matters. Some of his books included:[3][7]

  • al-Huda Ala Din al-Mustafa (Guidance on the religion of al-Mustafa). 2 volumes. A response to the Christian Ethiopian hermit Abd al-Thaluth al-Habashi.
  • al-Rihla al-Madrasiyah (The School Journey). 3 volumes. A critique of other faiths.
  • Anwar al-Huda (The Light of Guidance). A deconstruction of atheism.
  • Nasa'ih al-Huda (Advice of Guidance). A deconstruction of Bábism.
  • Risalat al-Tawhid wal-Tathleeth (Letter of Oneness and Threeness)
  • A'jeeb al-Akatheeb (Wonders of Lies)
  • Ajiwabat al-Masa'il al-Baghdadiya (Answers to Baghdadi Questions). A book of principles of jurisprudence.
  • al-Balagh al-Mubeen (The True Eloquence). A book of mysticism.
  • Alaa' al Rahman Fi Tafsir al-Quran (The Mercifuls Wonders in the Exegesis of the Quran). A book of Quranic exegesis.

Personal life

[edit]

al-Balaghi married the daughter of Sayyid Musa al-Jazayeri al-Kadhimi in 1889, whilst he was in Kadhimiya. He only had daughters, and no sons.[9]

Death

[edit]

He died in the early hours of Friday December 3, 1933. He is buried in the third southern room of the west wing of the courtyard of the Imam Ali Shrine.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Allamah Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Balaghi Najafi || Imam Reza (A.S.) Network". www.imamreza.net. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c al-Tehrani, Agha Buzurg (2009). Tabaqat A'lam al-Shia; Nuqaba al-Bashar Fi al-Qarn al-Rabi' 'Ashar [Levels of the Notables of the Shia (14th Century)]. Vol. 13. Cairo, Egypt: Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi. pp. 323–26.
  3. ^ a b c al-Hasun, Muhammad (2009). al-Alama al-Balaghi: Rajul al-Ilm wal-Jihad [al-Balaghi Scholar: Man of Knowledge and Religious Strive] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Manshoorat al-Rafid.
  4. ^ a b "BALĀḠĪ, MOḤAMMAD-JAWĀD – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  5. ^ al-Balaghi, Dr. Sanad (2016). Safha Min Tarikh al-Najaf: Muhammad-Ali al-Balaghi [A Page from the History of Najaf: Muhammad-Ali al-Balaghi] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Rafidain. p. 102.
  6. ^ al-Hilfi, Kathim. I'rif Nasabak [Know Your Ancestry] (in Arabic).
  7. ^ a b "Brief History of al-Balaghi". Al-Balaghi. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  8. ^ al-Mahbooba, Jafar (1986). Madhi al-Najaf Wa Hadhiriha [History of Najaf and its Present] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Adhwa'. p. 58.
  9. ^ al-Balaghi, Dr. Sanad (2016). Safha Min Tarikh al-Najaf: Muhammad-Ali al-Balaghi [A Page from the History of Najaf: Muhammad-Ali al-Balaghi] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Rafidain. p. 554.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Jawad_al-Balaghi&oldid=1170903082"