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Biomusicology is the study of music from a biological point of view. The term was coined by Nils L. Wallin in 1991 to encompass several branches of music psychology and musicology, including evolutionary musicology, neuromusicology, and comparative musicology.^[1]

Evolutionary musicology studies the "origins of music, the question of animal song, selection pressures underlying music evolution", and "music evolution and human evolution". Neuromusicology studies the "brain areas involved in music processing, neural and cognitive processes of musical processing", and "ontogeny of musical capacity and musical skill". Comparative musicology studies the "functions and uses of music, advantages and costs of music making", and "universal features of musical systems and musical behavior".^[2]

Applied biomusicology "attempts to provide biological insight into such things as the therapeutic uses of music in medical and psychological treatment; widespread use of music in the audiovisual media such as film and television; the ubiquitous presence of music in public places and its role in influencing mass behavior; and the potential use of music to function as a general enhancer of learning."^[2]

Whereas biomusicology refers to music among humans, zoomusicology extends the field to other species.

References

^ Wallin, N. L. (1991): Biomusicology: Neurophysiological, Neuropsychological and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origins and Purposes of Music, Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press.
^ ^a ^b Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (1999): "An Introduction to Evolutionary Musicology." In: Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): The Origins of Music, pp. 5–6. ISBN 0-262-23206-5.

Arom, Simha (1999): "Prolegomena to a Biomusicology." In: Nils L. Wallin/Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds.), The origins of music, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 27–29.
Darwin, Charles (1871): The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray: London.
Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2006): "The biology and evolution of music: a comparative perspective". Cognition, 100(1), pp. 173–215.
Hauser, Marc D./Josh McDermott (2003): "The evolution of the music faculty: a comparative perspective." In: Nature Neuroscience Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 663–668.
Peretz, Isabelle (2006): "The nature of music from a biological perspective." Cognition 100 (2006), pp. 1–32.
Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): The Origins of Music, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-23206-5.
Zatorre, R./Peretz, I. (2000): The Biological Foundations of Music, New York: National Academy Press.

[1] Wallin, N. L. (1991): Biomusicology: Neurophysiological, Neuropsychological and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origins and Purposes of Music, Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press.

[Brown,_Merker,_Wallin-2] Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (1999): "An Introduction to Evolutionary Musicology." In: Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): The Origins of Music, pp. 5–6. ISBN 0-262-23206-5.

[1]

[2]

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+{{Short description|Field of Musical Study}}
-{{Notability|date=January 2011}}
+'''Biomusicology''' is the study of [[music]] from a [[Biology|biological]] point of view. The term was coined by Nils L. Wallin in 1991 to encompass several branches of [[music psychology]] and [[musicology]], including [[evolutionary musicology]], [[Cognitive neuroscience of music|neuromusicology]], and [[ethnomusicology|comparative musicology]].<ref>Wallin, N. L. (1991): ''Biomusicology: Neurophysiological, Neuropsychological and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origins and Purposes of Music'', Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press.</ref>
-{{Expert}}
-'''Biomusicology''' is the study of [[music]] from a biological point of view. The term was coined by Nils L. Wallin in 1991.<ref>Wallin, N. L. (1991): ''Biomusicology: Neurophysiological, Neuropsychological and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origins and Purposes of Music'', Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press.</ref> Music is an aspect of the behaviour of the human and possibly other species. As humans are living organisms, the scientific study of music is therefore part of [[biology]], thus the "bio" in "biomusicology."
+[[File:Louis Gallait - Power of Music - Walters 37134.jpg|thumb|Power of Music by Louis Gallait. A brother and sister resting before an old tomb. The brother is attempting to comfort his sibling by playing the violin, and she has fallen into a deep sleep, "oblivious of all grief, mental and physical"]]
-Biomusicologists are expected to have completed formal studies in both biology or other experimental sciences and musicology including [[music theory]]. The three main branches of biomusicology are [[evolutionary musicology]], [[Cognitive Musicology|neuromusicology]], and [[ethnomusicology|comparative musicology]]. Evolutionary musicology studies the "origins of music, the question of animal song, selection pressures underlying music evolution", and "music evolution and human evolution". Neuromusicology studies the "brain areas involved in music processing, neural and cognitive processes of musical processing," and "ontogeny of musical capacity and musical skill". Comparative musicology studies the "functions and uses of music, advantages and costs of music making", and "universal features of musical systems and musical behavior."<ref name="Brown, Merker, Wallin">Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (1999): "An Introduction to Evolutionary Musicology." In: Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): ''The Origins of Music'', pp. 5–6. ISBN 0-262-23206-5.</ref>
+Evolutionary musicology studies the "origins of music, the question of animal song, selection pressures underlying music evolution", and "music evolution and human evolution". Neuromusicology studies the "brain areas involved in music processing, neural and cognitive processes of musical processing", and "ontogeny of musical capacity and musical skill". Comparative musicology studies the "functions and uses of music, advantages and costs of music making", and "universal features of musical systems and musical behavior".<ref name="Brown, Merker, Wallin">Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (1999): "An Introduction to Evolutionary Musicology." In: Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): ''The Origins of Music'', pp. 5–6. {{ISBN|0-262-23206-5}}.</ref>
-Applied biomusicology "attempts to provide biological insight into such things as the therapeutic uses of music in medical and psychological treatment; widespread use of music in the audiovisual media such as film and television; the ubiquitous presence of music in public places and its role in influencing mass behavior; and the potential use of music to function as a general enhancer of learning."<ref name="Brown, Merker, Wallin">ibid, p.6</ref>
+Applied biomusicology "attempts to provide biological insight into such things as the [[Music therapy|therapeutic uses of music]] in medical and psychological treatment; widespread use of music in the audiovisual media such as film and television; the ubiquitous [[Background music|presence of music in public places]] and its role in influencing mass behavior; and the potential use of music to function as a general enhancer of learning."<ref name="Brown, Merker, Wallin"/>
-[[Zoomusicology]], as opposed to anthropomusicology, is most often biomusicological, and biomusicology is often zoomusicological.
+Whereas biomusicology refers to music among humans, [[zoomusicology]] extends the field to other species.
 ==See also==
 * [[Biogenetic structuralism]]
 * [[Biolinguistics]]
 * [[Biophony]]
+* [[Bird vocalization|Bird song]]
-* [[Birdsong]]
 * [[Chronobiology]]
-* [[Entrainment (Biomusicology)]]
+* [[Cognitive musicology]]
+* [[Cognitive neuroscience of music]]
+* [[Culture in music cognition]]
+* [[Entrainment (biomusicology)]]
 * [[Evolutionary musicology]]
-* [[Music and the brain]]
+* [[Music psychology]]
 * [[Music therapy]]
+* [[Psychoacoustics]]
 * [[Sociocultural evolution]]
-* [[Vocal learning]]
-* [[Whale song]]
 * [[Zoomusicology]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+* Arom, Simha (1999): "Prolegomena to a Biomusicology." In: Nils L. Wallin/Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds.), ''The origins of music'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 27–29.
+* Darwin, Charles (1871): ''The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex.'' John Murray: London.
+* Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2006): "The biology and evolution of music: a comparative perspective". Cognition, 100(1), pp. 173–215.
+* Hauser, Marc D./Josh McDermott  (2003): "The evolution of the music faculty: a comparative perspective." In: Nature Neuroscience Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 663–668.
+* Peretz, Isabelle (2006): "The nature of music from a biological perspective." Cognition 100 (2006), pp. 1–32.
+* Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): ''The Origins of Music,'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. {{ISBN|0-262-23206-5}}.
+* Zatorre, R./Peretz, I. (2000): ''The Biological Foundations of Music'', New York: National Academy Press.
+{{Music cognition}}
-== Further reading ==
-*Darwin, Charles (1871): ''The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex.'' John Murray: London.
-*Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2006): "The biology and evolution of music: a comparative perspective". Cognition, 100(1), pp. 173–215.
-*Hauser, Marc D./Josh McDermott  (2003): "The evolution of the music faculty: a comparative perspective." In: Nature Neuroscience Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 663–668.
-*Wallin, Nils L./Björn Merker/Steven Brown (Eds., 1999): ''The Origins of Music,'' Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-23206-5.
-*Zatorre, R./Peretz, I. (2000): ''The Biological Foundations of Music'', New York: National Academy Press.
-[[Category:Musicology]]
-[[Category:Neurobiology]]
 [[Category:Cognitive neuroscience]]
+[[Category:Music cognition]]
+[[Category:Music psychology]]
+[[Category:Cognitive musicology]]

v t e Music psychology
Areas	Biomusicology Cognitive musicology Cognitive neuroscience of music Culture in music cognition Evolutionary musicology Psychoacoustics
Topics	Absolute pitch Auditory illusion Auditory imagery Background music Consonance and dissonance Deutsch's scale illusion Earworm Embodied music cognition Entrainment Exercise and music Eye movement in music reading Franssen effect Generative theory of tonal music Glissando illusion Hedonic music consumption model Illusory continuity of tones Levitin effect Lipps–Meyer law Melodic expectation Melodic fission Mozart effect Music and emotion Music and movement Music in psychological operations Music preference Music-related memory Musical gesture Musical semantics Musical syntax Octave illusion Relative pitch Sharawadji effect Shepard tone Speech-to-song illusion Temporal dynamics of music and language Tonal memory Tritone paradox
Disorders	Amusia Auditory arrhythmia Beat deafness Musical hallucinations Musician's dystonia Music-specific disorders Tone deafness
Related fields	Aesthetics of music Bioacoustics Ethnomusicology Hearing Melodic intonation therapy Music education Music therapy Musical acoustics Musicology Neurologic music therapy Neuronal encoding of sound Performance science Philosophy of music Psychoanalysis and music Sociomusicology Systematic musicology Zoomusicology
Researchers	Jamshed Bharucha Lola Cuddy Robert Cutietta Jane W. Davidson Irène Deliège Diana Deutsch Tuomas Eerola Henkjan Honing David Huron Nina Kraus Carol L. Krumhansl Fred Lerdahl Daniel Levitin Leonard B. Meyer Max Friedrich Meyer James Mursell Richard Parncutt Oliver Sacks Carl Seashore Max Schoen Roger Shepard John Sloboda Carl Stumpf William Forde Thompson Sandra Trehub
Books and journals	Music Perception Musicae Scientiae (journal) Musicophilia Music, Thought, and Feeling Psychology of Music (journal) The World in Six Songs This Is Your Brain on Music