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{{Short description|none}}
The differences between '''additives for [[hydraulic fracturing]]''' in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid. In 2010, [[Halliburton]] announced the creation of food additive based hydraulic fracturing fluid in response to calls for transparency and demand for a "more environmentally friendly" unconventional hydrocarbon production.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soraghan|first1=Mike|title=Halliburton Announces Ecofriendly Fracking Fluid, More Disclosure|url=http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/11/15/15greenwire-halliburton-announces-ecofriendly-fracking-flu-80875.html?pagewanted=all|website=The New York Times|accessdate=13 April 2017|date=15 November 2010|quote=Halliburton Co., which is fighting U.S. EPA about disclosure of its hydraulic fracturing fluid, today announced that it will publicly disclose detailed information on its website about the chemicals used in its fracturing fluids. The Houston-based oilfield services company announced the creation of a new fracturing fluid that uses chemicals "sourced entirely from the food industry."}}</ref>
The differences between '''additives for fracking''' in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid. In 2010, [[Halliburton]] announced the creation of [[food additive]] based hydraulic fracturing fluid in response to calls for transparency and demand for a "more environmentally friendly" [[Unconventional (oil & gas) reservoir|unconventional hydrocarbon]] production.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soraghan|first1=Mike|title=Halliburton Announces Ecofriendly Fracking Fluid, More Disclosure|url=https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/11/15/15greenwire-halliburton-announces-ecofriendly-fracking-flu-80875.html?pagewanted=all|website=The New York Times|accessdate=13 April 2017|date=15 November 2010|quote=Halliburton Co., which is fighting U.S. EPA about disclosure of its [[fracking]] fluid, today announced that it will publicly disclose detailed information on its website about the chemicals used in its fracturing fluids. The Houston-based oilfield services company announced the creation of a new fracturing fluid that uses chemicals "sourced entirely from the food industry."}}</ref>


==Europe==
==Europe==
<!---This needs updating--->
<!---This needs updating--->
In Europe, Poland, Norway and Germany have the largest reserves of shale gas, and drillings are underway.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hydraulic Fracturing or ‘Fracking’: A Short Summary of Current Knowledge and Potential Environmental Impacts |format=PDF |pages=18–19 |author=Dr Dave Healy |date=July 2012 |publisher=Department of Geology & Petroleum Geology, [[University of Aberdeen]] |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/research/sss/UniAberdeen_FrackingReport.pdf |accessdate=12 November 2015}}</ref>
In Europe, Poland, Norway and Germany have the largest reserves of shale gas, and drillings are underway.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hydraulic Fracturing or 'Fracking': A Short Summary of Current Knowledge and Potential Environmental Impacts |pages=18–19 |author=Dr Dave Healy |date=July 2012 |publisher=Department of Geology & Petroleum Geology, [[University of Aberdeen]] |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/research/sss/UniAberdeen_FrackingReport.pdf |accessdate=12 November 2015}}</ref>
<!---END--->
<!---END--->


==United Kingdom==
==United Kingdom==
In the United Kingdom, the environmental regulator permits only [[Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom#Permitted chemicals|chemical additives]] which are classed as non hazardous to groundwater for fracturing fluids.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2010/9780111491423/schedule/22|publisher=UK Government|year=2010|accessdate= 2016-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2012/360/schedule/5/made|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|publisher=Queen's Printer for Scotland (QPS)|accessdate=1 April 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DIRECTIVE 2006/118/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0118|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|publisher=EUR-Lex - 32006L0118 - EN - EUR-Lex|accessdate=18 October 2014|language=en|date=12 December 2006|quote=It is necessary to distinguish between hazardous substances, inputs of which should be prevented, and other pollutants, inputs of which should be limited. Annex VIII to Directive 2000/60/EC, listing the main pollutants relevant for the water environment, should be used to identify hazardous and non-hazardous substances which present an existing or potential risk of pollution.}}</ref> All chemicals used in fracturing fluids used must be declared publicly,<ref>{{cite web|title=Onshore oil and gas exploration in the UK: regulation and best practice|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/503067/Onshore_UK_oil_and_gas_exploration_England_Dec15.pdf|page=46|format=PDF|quote=Operators will disclose the chemical additives of fracturing fluids on a well-by-well basis.|publisher=DECC/BEIS|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> while the composition must be disclosed if the regulator demands it.<ref name=RAEreport>{{cite report|url=http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/projects/shale-gas/2012-06-28-Shale-gas.pdf |first=Robert |last=Mair |title=Shale gas extraction in the UK: A review of hydraulic fracturing |publisher=The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering|date=June 2012|accessdate=3 April 2017 |format=PDF}}</ref> The permitted additives for hydraulic fracturing fluid include [[Polyacrylamide|polycrylamide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and a [[biocide]].
In the United Kingdom, the environmental regulator permits only [[Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom#Permitted chemicals|chemical additives]] which are classed as non hazardous to groundwater for fracturing fluids.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2010/9780111491423/schedule/22|publisher=UK Government|year=2010|accessdate= 2016-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2012/360/schedule/5/made|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|publisher=Queen's Printer for Scotland (QPS)|accessdate=1 April 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DIRECTIVE 2006/118/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0118|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|publisher=EUR-Lex - 32006L0118 - EN - EUR-Lex|accessdate=18 October 2014|language=en|date=12 December 2006|quote=It is necessary to distinguish between hazardous substances, inputs of which should be prevented, and other pollutants, inputs of which should be limited. Annex VIII to Directive 2000/60/EC, listing the main pollutants relevant for the water environment, should be used to identify hazardous and non-hazardous substances which present an existing or potential risk of pollution.}}</ref> Operators are required to disclose the content of hydraulic fracturing fluids to the relevant environment agency<ref>{{cite web|title=Onshore oil and gas exploration in the UK: regulation and best practice|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/503067/Onshore_UK_oil_and_gas_exploration_England_Dec15.pdf|page=46|quote=Operators will disclose the chemical additives of fracturing fluids on a well-by-well basis.|publisher=DECC/BEIS|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> while the composition must be disclosed if the regulator demands it.<ref name=RAEreport>{{cite report|url=http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/projects/shale-gas/2012-06-28-Shale-gas.pdf |first=Robert |last=Mair |title=Shale gas extraction in the UK: A review of hydraulic fracturing |publisher=The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering|date=June 2012|accessdate=3 April 2017 }}</ref> The permitted additives for hydraulic fracturing fluid include [[Polyacrylamide|polycrylamide]], [[hydrochloric acid]] and a [[biocide]].


{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!CAS Number !! Chemical Constituent !! Commercial use <ref name="hpd.nlm">{{cite web |url=http://hpd.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/search?tbl=TblChemicals&queryx=7647-01-0 |title=Household Products Database |work=Health and Safety Information on Household Products |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |date=August 2015 |accessdate=11 November 2015 |author=NLM }}</ref>
!CAS Number !! Chemical Constituent !! Commercial use <ref name="hpd.nlm">{{cite web |url=http://hpd.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/search?tbl=TblChemicals&queryx=7647-01-0 |title=Household Products Database |work=Health and Safety Information on Household Products |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |date=August 2015 |accessdate=11 November 2015 |author=NLM }}</ref>
|-
|-
|9003-05-8 ||[[polyacrylamide|poly(2-prop-enamide)]]|| [[Enhanced Oil Recovery|EOR]] friction reducer
|9003-05-8 ||[[polyacrylamide|poly(2-prop-enamide)/Polyacrylamide]]|| [[Enhanced Oil Recovery|EOR]] friction reducer
|-
|-
|7647-01-0 ||[[Hydrochloric acid]]|| Pre-fracturing to clean perforations, water pH adjuster
|7647-01-0 ||[[Hydrochloric acid]]|| Pre-fracturing to clean perforations, water pH adjuster
|-
|-
|14808-60-7|| Crystalline [[Silica]] ([[Quartz]])|| [[Hydraulic fracturing proppants|Proppant]]
|14808-60-7|| Crystalline [[Silica]] ([[Quartz]])|| [[Hydraulic fracturing proppants|Proppant]]
|-
|-
|111-30-8 || [[Glutaraldehyde]]|| [[Biocide]]
|111-30-8 || [[Glutaraldehyde]]|| [[Biocide]]
Line 25: Line 26:
|}
|}


==United States==
==United States==
In the US, about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing, also known as ingredients of pressurized fracking fluid,<ref name="focus">{{cite web |url=https://fracfocus.org/chemical-use/what-chemicals-are-used |title=What chemicals are used in a hydraulic fracturing job |publisher=FracFocus |work=Chemical Disclosure Registry |author=GWPC & IOGCC |year=2015 |accessdate=11 November 2015}}</ref> in an industry report to the US Congress in 2011 after originally being kept secret for "commercial reasons".<ref name=kusnetz>{{cite web| url=https://www.propublica.org/article/fracking-chemicals-cited-in-congressional-report-stay-underground/single| author=Nicholas Kusnetz| title=Fracking Chemicals Cited in Congressional Report Stay Underground |publisher=ProPublica| date=April 8, 2011 |accessdate=July 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="house1">{{cite report|url=http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Hydraulic-Fracturing-Chemicals-2011-4-18.pdf |publisher=Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. House of Representatives |title=Chemicals Used in Hydraulic Fracturing |date=April 18, 2011 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213846/http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Hydraulic-Fracturing-Chemicals-2011-4-18.pdf |archivedate=October 4, 2013 |df= }}</ref> The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives that are used or have been used in fracturing operations, as based on the report of the [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]], some are known to be carcinogenic.<ref name=nysdec>{{cite web|url=http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_minerals_pdf/ogdsgeischap5.pdf|title=Natural Gas Development Activities and High‐volume Hydraulic Fracturing|publisher=[[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]|pages=45–51 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref>
In the US, about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing, also known as ingredients of pressurized fracking fluid,<ref name="focus">{{cite web |url=https://fracfocus.org/chemical-use/what-chemicals-are-used |title=What chemicals are used in a hydraulic fracturing job |publisher=FracFocus |work=Chemical Disclosure Registry |author=GWPC & IOGCC |year=2015 |accessdate=11 November 2015}}</ref> in an industry report to the US Congress in 2011 after originally being kept secret for "commercial reasons".<ref name=kusnetz>{{cite web| url=https://www.propublica.org/article/fracking-chemicals-cited-in-congressional-report-stay-underground/single| author=Nicholas Kusnetz| title=Fracking Chemicals Cited in Congressional Report Stay Underground |publisher=ProPublica| date=April 8, 2011 |accessdate=July 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="house1">{{cite report|url=https://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Hydraulic-Fracturing-Chemicals-2011-4-18.pdf |publisher=Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. House of Representatives |title=Chemicals Used in Hydraulic Fracturing |date=April 18, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213846/http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Hydraulic-Fracturing-Chemicals-2011-4-18.pdf |archivedate=October 4, 2013 }}</ref> The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives that are used or have been used in fracturing operations, as based on the report of the [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]], some are known to be carcinogenic.<ref name=nysdec>{{cite web|url=http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_minerals_pdf/ogdsgeischap5.pdf|title=Natural Gas Development Activities and High‐volume Hydraulic Fracturing|publisher=[[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]|pages=45–51 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!CAS Number !! Chemical Constituent !! Commercial use <ref name="hpd.nlm"/>
!CAS Number !! Chemical Constituent !! Commercial use <ref name="hpd.nlm"/>
Line 48: Line 49:
|27776-21-2|| 2,2'-azobis-{2-(imidazlin-2-yl)propane}-dihydrochloride|| No record
|27776-21-2|| 2,2'-azobis-{2-(imidazlin-2-yl)propane}-dihydrochloride|| No record
|-
|-
|73003-80-2|| 2,2-Dibromomalonamide|| No record
|73003-80-2|| 2,2-Dibromomalonamide|| No record
|-
|-
|15214-89-8|| [[2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid|2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid]] sodium salt polymer|| No record
|15214-89-8|| [[2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid|2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid]] sodium salt polymer|| No record
|-
|-
|46830-22-2|| 2-acryloyloxyethyl(benzyl)dimethylammonium chloride|| No record
|46830-22-2|| 2-acryloyloxyethyl(benzyl)dimethylammonium chloride|| No record
|-
|-
|52-51-7|| [[Bronopol|2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol]]|| Deodorant, Conditioner
|52-51-7|| [[Bronopol|2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol]]|| Deodorant, Conditioner
Line 92: Line 93:
|38193-60-1|| Acrylamide – sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate copolymer|| Moisture, Lotion
|38193-60-1|| Acrylamide – sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate copolymer|| Moisture, Lotion
|-
|-
|25085-02-3|| Acrylamide – Sodium Acrylate Copolymer or Anionic Polyacrylamide|| No record
|25085-02-3|| Acrylamide – Sodium Acrylate Copolymer or Anionic Polyacrylamide|| No record
|-
|-
|25987-30-8|| 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2-propenamide, sodium salt|| No record
|25987-30-8|| 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2-propenamide, sodium salt|| No record
|-
|-
|69418-26-4|| Acrylamide polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride|| No record
|69418-26-4|| Acrylamide polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride|| No record
|-
|-
|15085|| −02-3 [[Polyacrylamide|Acrylamide]]-[[Polyacrylamide|sodium acrylate]] copolymer|| No record
|15085|| −02-3 [[Polyacrylamide|Acrylamide]]-[[Polyacrylamide|sodium acrylate]] copolymer|| No record
|-
|-
|68551-12-2|| Alcohols, C12-C16, [[Ethoxylated]] (a.k.a. [[Ethoxylated alcohol]])|| Floor Cleaner, Stain Remover
|68551-12-2|| Alcohols, C12-C16, [[Ethoxylated]] (a.k.a. [[Ethoxylated alcohol]])|| Floor Cleaner, Stain Remover
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|64742-47-8|| [[Aliphatic Hydrocarbon]] / Hydrotreated light distillate / Petroleum Distillates / Isoparaffinic Solvent / Paraffin Solvent / Napthenic Solvent|| Tar Remover, Lubricant
|64742-47-8|| [[Aliphatic Hydrocarbon]] / Hydrotreated light distillate / Petroleum Distillates / Isoparaffinic Solvent / Paraffin Solvent / Napthenic Solvent|| Tar Remover, Lubricant
|-
|-
|64743-02-8|| [[Alkene]]s|| No record
|64743-02-8|| [[Alkene]]s|| No record
|-
|-
|68439-57-6|| Alkyl (C14-C16) olefin sulfonate, sodium salt|| Car Wash, Dog Shampoo
|68439-57-6|| Alkyl (C14-C16) olefin sulfonate, sodium salt|| Car Wash, Dog Shampoo
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|1327-41-9|| [[Aluminum chloride]]|| Antiperspirant
|1327-41-9|| [[Aluminum chloride]]|| Antiperspirant
|-
|-
|73138-27-9|| Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, ethoxylated|| No record
|73138-27-9|| Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, ethoxylated|| No record
|-
|-
|71011-04-6|| Amines, Ditallow alkyl, ethoxylated|| No record
|71011-04-6|| Amines, Ditallow alkyl, ethoxylated|| No record
|-
|-
|68551-33-7|| Amines, tallow alkyl, ethoxylated, acetates|| No record
|68551-33-7|| Amines, tallow alkyl, ethoxylated, acetates|| No record
|-
|-
|1336-21-6|| [[Ammonia]]|| Stripper, Glue, Tire Repair
|1336-21-6|| [[Ammonia]]|| Stripper, Glue, Tire Repair
Line 122: Line 123:
|631-61-8|| [[Ammonium acetate]]|| Haircolor Shine
|631-61-8|| [[Ammonium acetate]]|| Haircolor Shine
|-
|-
|68037-05-8|| Ammonium Alcohol Ether Sulfate|| No record
|68037-05-8|| Ammonium Alcohol Ether Sulfate|| No record
|-
|-
|7783-20-2|| [[Ammonium bisulfate]]|| Ant Killer, Weed & Moss Control
|7783-20-2|| [[Ammonium bisulfate]]|| Ant Killer, Weed & Moss Control
|-
|-
|10192-30-0|| Ammonium bisulfite|| No record
|10192-30-0|| Ammonium bisulfite|| No record
|-
|-
|12125-02-9|| [[Ammonium chloride]]|| Brass & Copper Polish, Bleach
|12125-02-9|| [[Ammonium chloride]]|| Brass & Copper Polish, Bleach
|-
|-
|7632-50-0|| Ammonium citrate|| No record
|7632-50-0|| Ammonium citrate|| No record
|-
|-
|37475-88-0|| Ammonium Cumene Sulfonate|| No record
|37475-88-0|| Ammonium Cumene Sulfonate|| No record
|-
|-
|1341-49-7|| Ammonium hydrogen-difluoride|| Wheel Cleaner, Glass Etching
|1341-49-7|| Ammonium hydrogen-difluoride|| Wheel Cleaner, Glass Etching
Line 144: Line 145:
|7664-41-7|| Aqueous ammonia|| Paint Stripper, Caulk
|7664-41-7|| Aqueous ammonia|| Paint Stripper, Caulk
|-
|-
|121888-68-4|| Bentonite, benzyl(hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethylammonium stearate complex / organophilic clay|| Wine clearing agent, "Detox" Product
|121888-68-4|| Bentonite, benzyl(hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethylammonium stearate complex / organophilic clay|| Wine clearing agent, "Detox" Product
|-
|-
|71-43-2|| [[Benzene]]|| Fuel System Cleaner, Degreaser
|71-43-2|| [[Benzene]]|| Fuel System Cleaner, Degreaser
Line 150: Line 151:
|119345-04-9|| Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis, tetratpropylene derivatives, sulfonated, sodium salts|| Toilet Cleaner, Rust Neutralizer
|119345-04-9|| Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis, tetratpropylene derivatives, sulfonated, sodium salts|| Toilet Cleaner, Rust Neutralizer
|-
|-
|74153-51-8|| Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide|| No record
|74153-51-8|| Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide|| No record
|-
|-
|10043-35-3|| [[Boric acid]]|| Roach Killer, Stain Remover
|10043-35-3|| [[Boric acid]]|| Roach Killer, Stain Remover
Line 166: Line 167:
|124-38-9|| [[Carbon dioxide]]|| Penetrant, Lubricator
|124-38-9|| [[Carbon dioxide]]|| Penetrant, Lubricator
|-
|-
|68130-15-4|| Carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar|| No record
|68130-15-4|| Carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar|| No record
|-
|-
|9012-54-8|| [[Cellulase]] / Hemicellulase Enzyme||
|9012-54-8|| [[Cellulase]] / Hemicellulase Enzyme||
|-
|-
|9004-34-6|| [[Cellulose]]||
|9004-34-6|| [[Cellulose]]||
|-
|-
|10049-04-4|| [[Chlorine dioxide]]||
|10049-04-4|| [[Chlorine dioxide]]||
|-
|-
|77-92-9|| [[Citric Acid]]||
|77-92-9|| [[Citric Acid]]||
|-
|-
|94266-47-4|| Citrus Terpenes||
|94266-47-4|| Citrus Terpenes||
|-
|-
|61789-40-0|| [[Cocamidopropyl betaine]]||
|61789-40-0|| [[Cocamidopropyl betaine]]||
|-
|-
|68155-09-9|| Cocamidopropylamine Oxide||
|68155-09-9|| Cocamidopropylamine Oxide||
|-
|-
|68424-94-2|| Coco-betaine||
|68424-94-2|| Coco-betaine||
|-
|-
|7758-98-7|| [[Copper(II) sulfate]]||
|7758-98-7|| [[Copper(II) sulfate]]||
|-
|-
|31726-34-8|| Crissanol A-55||
|31726-34-8|| Crissanol A-55||
|-
|-
|14808-60-7|| Crystalline [[Silica]] ([[Quartz]])||
|14808-60-7|| Crystalline [[Silica]] ([[Quartz]])||
|-
|-
|7447-39-4|| [[Cupric chloride]] dihydrate||
|7447-39-4|| [[Cupric chloride]] dihydrate||
|-
|-
|1120-24-7|| Decyldimethyl Amine||
|1120-24-7|| Decyldimethyl Amine||
|-
|-
|2605-79-0|| Decyl-dimethyl Amine Oxide||
|2605-79-0|| Decyl-dimethyl Amine Oxide||
|-
|-
|3252-43-5|| Dibromoacetonitrile||
|3252-43-5|| Dibromoacetonitrile||
|-
|-
|25340-17-4|| Diethylbenzene||
|25340-17-4|| Diethylbenzene||
|-
|-
|111-46-6|| [[Diethylene glycol]]||
|111-46-6|| [[Diethylene glycol]]||
|-
|-
|22042-96-2|| Diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephonic acid) sodium salt||
|22042-96-2|| Diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephonic acid) sodium salt||
|-
|-
|28757-00-8|| Diisopropyl naphthalenesulfonic acid||
|28757-00-8|| Diisopropyl naphthalenesulfonic acid||
|-
|-
|68607-28-3|| Dimethylcocoamine, bis(chloroethyl) ether, diquaternary ammonium salt||
|68607-28-3|| Dimethylcocoamine, bis(chloroethyl) ether, diquaternary ammonium salt||
|-
|-
|7398-69-8|| Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride||
|7398-69-8|| Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride||
|-
|-
|25265-71-8|| [[Dipropylene glycol]]||
|25265-71-8|| [[Dipropylene glycol]]||
|-
|-
|139-33-3|| [[Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid|Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate]]||
|139-33-3|| [[Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid|Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate]]||
|-
|-
|5989-27-5|| [[D-Limonene]]||
|5989-27-5|| [[D-Limonene]]||
|-
|-
|123-01-3|| [[Dodecylbenzene]]||
|123-01-3|| [[Dodecylbenzene]]||
|-
|-
|27176-87-0|| Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid||
|27176-87-0|| Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid||
|-
|-
|42504-46-1|| Dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine||
|42504-46-1|| Dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine||
|-
|-
|50-70-4|| D-[[Sorbitol]] / Sorbitol||
|50-70-4|| D-[[Sorbitol]] / Sorbitol||
|-
|-
|37288-54-3|| Endo-1,4-beta-mannanase, or Hemicellulase||
|37288-54-3|| Endo-1,4-beta-mannanase, or Hemicellulase||
|-
|-
|149879-98-1|| Erucic Amidopropyl Dimethyl Betaine||
|149879-98-1|| Erucic Amidopropyl Dimethyl Betaine||
|-
|-
|89-65-6|| [[Erythorbic acid]], anhydrous||
|89-65-6|| [[Erythorbic acid]], anhydrous||
|-
|-
|54076-97-0|| Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, chloride, homopolymer||
|54076-97-0|| Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, chloride, homopolymer||
|-
|-
|107-21|| −1 Ethane-1,2-diol / Ethylene Glycol||
|107-21|| −1 Ethane-1,2-diol / Ethylene Glycol||
|-
|-
|9002-93-1|| Ethoxylated 4-tert-octylphenol||
|9002-93-1|| Ethoxylated 4-tert-octylphenol||
|-
|-
|68439-50-9|| Ethoxylated alcohol||
|68439-50-9|| Ethoxylated alcohol||
|-
|-
|126950-60-5|| Ethoxylated alcohol||
|126950-60-5|| Ethoxylated alcohol||
|-
|-
|67254-71-1|| Ethoxylated alcohol (C10-12)||
|67254-71-1|| Ethoxylated alcohol (C10-12)||
|-
|-
|68951-67-7|| Ethoxylated alcohol (C14-15)||
|68951-67-7|| Ethoxylated alcohol (C14-15)||
|-
|-
|68439-46-3|| Ethoxylated alcohol (C9-11)||
|68439-46-3|| Ethoxylated alcohol (C9-11)||
|-
|-
|66455-15-0|| Ethoxylated Alcohols||
|66455-15-0|| Ethoxylated Alcohols||
|-
|-
|84133-50-6|| Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14 Secondary)||
|84133-50-6|| Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14 Secondary)||
|-
|-
|68439-51-0|| Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14)||
|68439-51-0|| Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14)||
|-
|-
|78330-21-9|| Ethoxylated branch alcohol||
|78330-21-9|| Ethoxylated branch alcohol||
|-
|-
|34398-01-1|| Ethoxylated C11 alcohol||
|34398-01-1|| Ethoxylated C11 alcohol||
|-
|-
|61791-12-6|| Ethoxylated Castor Oil||
|61791-12-6|| Ethoxylated Castor Oil||
|-
|-
|61791-29-5|| Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco||
|61791-29-5|| Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco||
|-
|-
|61791-08-0|| Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco, reaction product with ethanolamine||
|61791-08-0|| Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco, reaction product with ethanolamine||
|-
|-
|68439-45-2|| Ethoxylated hexanol||
|68439-45-2|| Ethoxylated hexanol||
|-
|-
|9036-19-5|| Ethoxylated octylphenol||
|9036-19-5|| Ethoxylated octylphenol||
|-
|-
|9005-67-8|| Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monostearate||
|9005-67-8|| Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monostearate||
|-
|-
|9004-70-3|| Ethoxylated Sorbitan Trioleate||
|9004-70-3|| Ethoxylated Sorbitan Trioleate||
|-
|-
|64-17-5|| [[Ethyl alcohol]] / ethanol||
|64-17-5|| [[Ethyl alcohol]] / ethanol||
|-
|-
|100-41-4|| [[ethylbenzene|Ethyl Benzene]]||
|100-41-4|| [[ethylbenzene|Ethyl Benzene]]||
|-
|-
|97-64-3|| [[Ethyl lactate]]||
|97-64-3|| [[Ethyl lactate]]||
|-
|-
|9003-11-6|| Ethylene Glycol-Propylene Glycol Copolymer (Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane)||
|9003-11-6|| Ethylene Glycol-Propylene Glycol Copolymer (Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane)||
|-
|-
|75-21-8|| [[Ethylene oxide]]||
|75-21-8|| [[Ethylene oxide]]||
|-
|-
|5877-42-9|| Ethyloctynol||
|5877-42-9|| Ethyloctynol||
|-
|-
|68526-86-3|| Exxal 13||
|68526-86-3|| Exxal 13||
|-
|-
|61790-12-3|| Fatty Acids||
|61790-12-3|| Fatty Acids||
|-
|-
|68188-40-9|| Fatty acids, tall oil reaction products w/ acetophenone, formaldehyde & thiourea||
|68188-40-9|| Fatty acids, tall oil reaction products w/ acetophenone, formaldehyde & thiourea||
|-
|-
|9043-30-5|| Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether surfactant||
|9043-30-5|| Fatty alcohol [[polyglycol ether]] surfactant||
|-
|-
|7705-08-0|| [[Ferric chloride]]||
|7705-08-0|| [[Ferric chloride]]||
|-
|-
|7782-63-0|| [[Ferrous sulfate]], heptahydrate||
|7782-63-0|| [[Ferrous sulfate]], heptahydrate||
|-
|-
|50-00-0|| [[Formaldehyde]]||
|50-00-0|| [[Formaldehyde]]||
|-
|-
|29316-47-0|| Formaldehyde polymer with 4,1,1-dimethylethyl phenolmethyl oxirane||
|29316-47-0|| Formaldehyde polymer with 4,1,1-dimethylethyl phenolmethyl oxirane||
|-
|-
|153795-76-7|| Formaldehyde, polymers with branched 4-nonylphenol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide||
|153795-76-7|| Formaldehyde, polymers with branched 4-nonylphenol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide||
|-
|-
|75-12-7|| [[Formamide]]||
|75-12-7|| [[Formamide]]||
|-
|-
|64-18-6|| [[Formic acid]]||
|64-18-6|| [[Formic acid]]||
|-
|-
|110-17-8|| [[Fumaric acid]]||
|110-17-8|| [[Fumaric acid]]||
|-
|-
|65997-17-3|| Glassy calcium magnesium phosphate||
|65997-17-3|| Glassy calcium magnesium phosphate||
|-
|-
|111-30-8|| [[Glutaraldehyde]]||
|111-30-8|| [[Glutaraldehyde]]||
|-
|-
|56-81-5|| [[Glycerol]] / glycerine||
|56-81-5|| [[Glycerol]] / glycerine||
|-
|-
|9000-30-0|| [[Guar Gum]]||
|9000-30-0|| [[Guar Gum]]||
|-
|-
|64742-94-5|| Heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha||
|64742-94-5|| Heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha||
|-
|-
|9025-56-3|| [[Hemicellulase]]||
|9025-56-3|| [[Hemicellulase]]||
|-
|-
|7647-01-0|| [[Hydrochloric Acid]] / Hydrogen Chloride / muriatic acid|| Toilet Bowl Cleaner
|7647-01-0|| [[Hydrochloric Acid]] / Hydrogen Chloride / muriatic acid|| Toilet Bowl Cleaner
|-
|-
|7722-84-1|| [[Hydrogen peroxide]]||
|7722-84-1|| [[Hydrogen peroxide]]||
|-
|-
|79-14-1|| [[Glycolic acid|Hydroxy acetic acid]]||
|79-14-1|| [[Glycolic acid|Hydroxy acetic acid]]||
|-
|-
|35249-89-9|| Hydroxyacetic acid ammonium salt||
|35249-89-9|| Hydroxyacetic acid ammonium salt||
|-
|-
|9004-62-0|| [[Hydroxyethyl cellulose]]||
|9004-62-0|| [[Hydroxyethyl cellulose]]||
|-
|-
|5470-11-1|| [[Hydroxylamine hydrochloride]]||
|5470-11-1|| [[Hydroxylamine hydrochloride]]||
|-
|-
|39421-75-5|| Hydroxypropyl guar||
|39421-75-5|| Hydroxypropyl guar||
|-
|-
|35674-56-7|| Isomeric Aromatic Ammonium Salt||
|35674-56-7|| Isomeric Aromatic Ammonium Salt||
|-
|-
|64742-88-7|| Isoparaffinic Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Synthetic||
|64742-88-7|| Isoparaffinic Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Synthetic||
|-
|-
|64-63-0|| [[Isopropanol]]||
|64-63-0|| [[Isopropanol]]||
|-
|-
|98-82-8|| [[Isopropylbenzene]] (cumene)||
|98-82-8|| [[Isopropylbenzene]] (cumene)||
|-
|-
|68909-80-8|| [[Isoquinoline]], reaction products with benzyl chloride and quinoline||
|68909-80-8|| [[Isoquinoline]], reaction products with benzyl chloride and quinoline||
|-
|-
|8008-20-6|| [[Kerosene]]||
|8008-20-6|| [[Kerosene]]||
|-
|-
|64742-81-0|| Kerosine, hydrodesulfurized||
|64742-81-0|| Kerosine, hydrodesulfurized||
|-
|-
|63-42-3|| [[Lactose]]||
|63-42-3|| [[Lactose]]||
|-
|-
|64742-95-6|| Light aromatic solvent naphtha||
|64742-95-6|| Light aromatic solvent naphtha||
|-
|-
|1120-21-4|| Light Paraffin Oil||
|1120-21-4|| Light Paraffin Oil||
|-
|-
|14807-96-6|| Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (Talc)||
|14807-96-6|| Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (Talc)||
|-
|-
|1184-78-7|| methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide||
|1184-78-7|| methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide||
|-
|-
|67-56-1|| [[Methanol]]||
|67-56-1|| [[Methanol]]||
|-
|-
|68891-11-2|| Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane, mono (nonylphenol) ether, branched||
|68891-11-2|| Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane, mono (nonylphenol) ether, branched||
|-
|-
|8052-41-3|| Mineral spirits / Stoddard Solvent||
|8052-41-3|| Mineral spirits / Stoddard Solvent||
|-
|-
|141-43-5|| [[Monoethanolamine]]||
|141-43-5|| [[Monoethanolamine]]||
|-
|-
|44992-01-0|| N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride||
|44992-01-0|| N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride||
|-
|-
|64742-48-9|| [[Naphtha]] (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy||
|64742-48-9|| [[Naphtha]] (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy||
|-
|-
|91-20-3|| [[Naphthalene]]||
|91-20-3|| [[Naphthalene]]||
|-
|-
|38640-62-9|| Naphthalene bis(1-methylethyl)||
|38640-62-9|| Naphthalene bis(1-methylethyl)||
|-
|-
|93-18-5|| Naphthalene, 2-ethoxy-||
|93-18-5|| Naphthalene, 2-ethoxy-||
|-
|-
|68909-18-2|| N-benzyl-alkyl-pyridinium chloride||
|68909-18-2|| N-benzyl-alkyl-pyridinium chloride||
|-
|-
|68139-30-0|| N-Cocoamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylsulfobetaine||
|68139-30-0|| N-Cocoamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylsulfobetaine||
|-
|-
|7727-37-9|| [[liquid nitrogen|Nitrogen, Liquid form]]||
|7727-37-9|| [[liquid nitrogen|Nitrogen, Liquid form]]||
|-
|-
|68412-54-4|| Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate||
|68412-54-4|| Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate||
|-
|-
|121888-66-2|| Organophilic Clays||
|121888-66-2|| Organophilic Clays||
|-
|-
|64742-65-0|| Petroleum Base Oil||
|64742-65-0|| Petroleum Base Oil||
|-
|-
|64741-68-0|| Petroleum naphtha||
|64741-68-0|| Petroleum naphtha||
|-
|-
|70714-66-8|| Phosphonic acid, (phosphonomethyl)imino''bis''2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)tetrakis-, ammonium salt||
|70714-66-8|| Phosphonic acid, (phosphonomethyl)imino''bis''2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)tetrakis-, ammonium salt||
|-
|-
|8000-41-7|| [[Pine Oil]]||
|8000-41-7|| [[Pine Oil]]||
|-
|-
|60828-78-6|| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-[3,5-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)hexyl]-w-hydroxy-||
|60828-78-6|| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-[3,5-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)hexyl]-w-hydroxy-||
|-
|-
|25322-68-3|| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-hydro-w-hydroxy / Polyethylene Glycol||
|25322-68-3|| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-hydro-w-hydroxy / Polyethylene Glycol||
|-
|-
|24938-91-8|| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-||
|24938-91-8|| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-||
|-
|-
|51838-31-4|| Polyepichlorohydrin, trimethylamine quaternized||
|51838-31-4|| Polyepichlorohydrin, trimethylamine quaternized||
|-
|-
|56449-46-8|| Polyethlene glycol oleate ester||
|56449-46-8|| Polyethlene glycol oleate ester||
|-
|-
|62649-23-4|| Polymer with 2-propenoic acid and sodium 2-propenoate||
|62649-23-4|| Polymer with 2-propenoic acid and sodium 2-propenoate||
|-
|-
|9005-65-6|| Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate||
|9005-65-6|| Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate||
|-
|-
|61791-26-2|| [[Polyoxylated fatty amine salt]]||
|61791-26-2|| [[Polyoxylated fatty amine salt]]||
|-
|-
|127-08-2|| [[Potassium acetate]]||
|127-08-2|| [[Potassium acetate]]||
|-
|-
|12712-38-8|| Potassium borate||
|12712-38-8|| Potassium borate||
|-
|-
|1332-77-0|| Potassium borate||
|1332-77-0|| Potassium borate||
|-
|-
|20786-60-1|| Potassium Borate||
|20786-60-1|| Potassium Borate||
|-
|-
|584-08-7|| [[Potassium carbonate]]||
|584-08-7|| [[Potassium carbonate]]||
|-
|-
|7447-40-7|| [[Potassium chloride]]||
|7447-40-7|| [[Potassium chloride]]||
|-
|-
|590-29-4|| Potassium formate||
|590-29-4|| Potassium formate||
|-
|-
|1310-58-3|| [[Potassium Hydroxide]]||
|1310-58-3|| [[Potassium Hydroxide]]||
|-
|-
|13709-94-9|| Potassium metaborate||
|13709-94-9|| Potassium metaborate||
|-
|-
|24634-61-5|| [[Potassium sorbate]]||
|24634-61-5|| [[Potassium sorbate]]||
|-
|-
|112926-00-8|| Precipitated silica / silica gel||
|112926-00-8|| Precipitated silica / silica gel||
|-
|-
|57-55-6|| Propane-1,2-diol, or Propylene glycol||
|57-55-6|| Propane-1,2-diol, or Propylene glycol||
|-
|-
|107-98-2|| Propylene glycol monomethyl ether||
|107-98-2|| Propylene glycol monomethyl ether||
|-
|-
|68953-58-2|| [[Quaternary ammonium cation|Quaternary Ammonium Compounds]]||
|68953-58-2|| [[Quaternary ammonium cation|Quaternary Ammonium Compounds]]||
|-
|-
|62763-89-7|| Quinoline,2-methyl-, hydrochloride||
|62763-89-7|| Quinoline,2-methyl-, hydrochloride||
|-
|-
|15619-48-4|| Quinolinium, 1-(phenylmethl),chloride||
|15619-48-4|| Quinolinium, 1-(phenylmethl),chloride||
|-
|-
|7631-86-9|| [[Silica]], Dissolved||
|7631-86-9|| [[Silica]], Dissolved||
|-
|-
|5324-84-5|| Sodium 1-octanesulfonate||
|5324-84-5|| Sodium 1-octanesulfonate||
|-
|-
|127-09-3|| [[Sodium acetate]]||
|127-09-3|| [[Sodium acetate]]||
|-
|-
|95371-16-7|| Sodium Alpha-olefin Sulfonate||
|95371-16-7|| Sodium [[Alpha-olefin sulfonate]]||
|-
|-
|532-32-1|| [[Sodium benzoate]]||
|532-32-1|| [[Sodium benzoate]]||
|-
|-
|144-55-8|| [[Sodium bicarbonate]]||
|144-55-8|| [[Sodium bicarbonate]]||
|-
|-
|7631-90-5|| [[Sodium bisulfate]]||
|7631-90-5|| [[Sodium bisulfate]]||
|-
|-
|7647-15-6|| [[Sodium bromide]]||
|7647-15-6|| [[Sodium bromide]]||
|-
|-
|497-19-8|| [[Sodium carbonate]]||
|497-19-8|| [[Sodium carbonate]]||
|-
|-
|7647-14-5|| [[Sodium Chloride]]||
|7647-14-5|| [[Sodium Chloride]]||Table salt
|-
|-
|7758-19-2|| [[Sodium chlorite]]||
|7758-19-2|| [[Sodium chlorite]]||
|-
|-
|3926-62-3|| [[Sodium chloroacetate]]||
|3926-62-3|| [[Sodium chloroacetate]]||
|-
|-
|68-04-2|| [[Sodium citrate]]||
|68-04-2|| [[Sodium citrate]]||
|-
|-
|6381-77-7|| [[Sodium erythorbate]] / isoascorbic acid, sodium salt||
|6381-77-7|| [[Sodium erythorbate]] / isoascorbic acid, sodium salt||
|-
|-
|2836-32-0|| Sodium Glycolate||
|2836-32-0|| Sodium Glycolate||
|-
|-
|1310-73-2|| [[Sodium Hydroxide]]||
|1310-73-2|| [[Sodium Hydroxide]]||
|-
|-
|7681-52-9|| [[Sodium hypochlorite]]||
|7681-52-9|| [[Sodium hypochlorite]]||
|-
|-
|7775-19-1|| Sodium Metaborate .8H2O||
|7775-19-1|| Sodium Metaborate .8H2O||
|-
|-
|10486-00-7|| [[Sodium perborate]] tetrahydrate||
|10486-00-7|| [[Sodium perborate]] tetrahydrate||
|-
|-
|7775-27-1|| [[Sodium persulfate]]||
|7775-27-1|| [[Sodium persulfate]]||
|-
|-
|9003-04-7|| [[Sodium polyacrylate]]||
|9003-04-7|| [[Sodium polyacrylate]]||
|-
|-
|7757-82-6|| [[Sodium sulfate]]||
|7757-82-6|| [[Sodium sulfate]]||
|-
|-
|1303-96-4|| [[Sodium tetraborate]] decahydrate||
|1303-96-4|| [[Sodium tetraborate]] decahydrate||
|-
|-
|7772-98-7|| [[Sodium thiosulfate]]||
|7772-98-7|| [[Sodium thiosulfate]]||
|-
|-
|1338-43-8|| Sorbitan Monooleate||
|1338-43-8|| Sorbitan Monooleate||
|-
|-
|57-50-1|| [[Sucrose]]||
|57-50-1|| [[Sucrose]]||
|-
|-
|5329-14-6|| [[Sulfamic acid]]||
|5329-14-6|| [[Sulfamic acid]]||
|-
|-
|112945-52-5|| Synthetic Amorphous / Pyrogenic Silica / Amorphous Silica||
|112945-52-5|| Synthetic Amorphous / Pyrogenic Silica / Amorphous Silica||
|-
|-
|68155-20-4|| Tall Oil Fatty Acid Diethanolamine||
|68155-20-4|| Tall Oil Fatty Acid Diethanolamine||
|-
|-
|8052-48-0|| Tallow fatty acids sodium salt||
|8052-48-0|| Tallow fatty acids sodium salt||
|-
|-
|72480-70-7|| Tar bases, quinoline derivs., benzyl chloride-quaternized||
|72480-70-7|| Tar bases, quinoline derivs., benzyl chloride-quaternized||
|-
|-
|68647-72-3|| [[Terpene]] and [[terpenoid]]s||
|68647-72-3|| [[Terpene]] and [[terpenoid]]s||
|-
|-
|68956-56-9|| Terpene hydrocarbon byproducts||
|68956-56-9|| Terpene hydrocarbon byproducts||
|-
|-
|533-74-4|| Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (a.k.a. Dazomet)||
|533-74-4|| Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (a.k.a. [[Dazomet]])||
|-
|-
|55566-30-8|| Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS)||
|55566-30-8|| Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS)||
|-
|-
|75-57-0|| Tetramethyl ammonium chloride||
|75-57-0|| Tetramethyl ammonium chloride||
|-
|-
|64-02-8|| [[Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid|Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate]]||
|64-02-8|| [[Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid|Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate]]||
|-
|-
|68-11-1|| [[Thioglycolic acid]]||
|68-11-1|| [[Thioglycolic acid]]||
|-
|-
|62-56-6|| [[Thiourea]]||
|62-56-6|| [[Thiourea]]||
|-
|-
|68527-49-1|| Thiourea, polymer with formaldehyde and 1-phenylethanone||
|68527-49-1|| Thiourea, polymer with formaldehyde and 1-phenylethanone||
|-
|-
|108-88-3|| [[Toluene]]||
|108-88-3|| [[Toluene]]||
|-
|-
|81741-28-8|| Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride||
|81741-28-8|| Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride||
|-
|-
|68299-02-5|| Triethanolamine hydroxyacetate||
|68299-02-5|| Triethanolamine hydroxyacetate||
|-
|-
|112-27-6|| [[Triethylene glycol]]||
|112-27-6|| [[Triethylene glycol]]||
|-
|-
|52624-57-4|| Trimethylolpropane, Ethoxylated, Propoxylated||
|52624-57-4|| Trimethylolpropane, Ethoxylated, Propoxylated||
|-
|-
|150-38-9|| Trisodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate||
|150-38-9|| Trisodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate||
|-
|-
|5064-31-3|| Trisodium [[Nitrilotriacetate]]||
|5064-31-3|| Trisodium [[Nitrilotriacetate]]||
|-
|-
|7601-54-9|| [[Trisodium orthophosphate]]||
|7601-54-9|| [[Trisodium orthophosphate]]||
|-
|-
|57-13-6|| [[Urea]]||
|57-13-6|| [[Urea]]||
|-
|-
|25038-72-6|| Vinylidene Chloride/Methylacrylate Copolymer||
|25038-72-6|| Vinylidene Chloride/Methylacrylate Copolymer||
|-
|-
|7732-18-5|| [[Water]] || Deionized water
|7732-18-5|| [[Water]] || Deionized water
Line 550: Line 551:
|000000-33-9|| Alkyl aryl polyethoxy alcohols || Coppersmiths Polish
|000000-33-9|| Alkyl aryl polyethoxy alcohols || Coppersmiths Polish
|-
|-
|000000-17-6|| Alkylaryl Sulfonate || Detergent, Stain Remover
|000000-17-6|| Alkylaryl Sulfonate || Detergent, Stain Remover
|-
|-
|064742-47-8|| <!--Chemical Name:--> Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated light <!-- Aromatic hydrocarbons -->|| Tar Remover, Sealant
|064742-47-8|| <!--Chemical Name:--> Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated light <!-- Aromatic hydrocarbons -->|| Tar Remover, Sealant
Line 556: Line 557:
|000110-43-0|| <!--Chemical Name:--> Methyl n-amyl & ethyl ketones <!-- Aromatic ketones --> || Hobby Cement, Sealant
|000110-43-0|| <!--Chemical Name:--> Methyl n-amyl & ethyl ketones <!-- Aromatic ketones --> || Hobby Cement, Sealant
|-
|-
| || Oxyalkylated alkylphenol||
| || Oxyalkylated alkylphenol||
|-
|-
| ||Petroleum distillate blend||
| ||Petroleum distillate blend||
|-
|-
| ||Polyethoxylated alkanol||
| ||Polyethoxylated alkanol||
|-
|-
| ||Polymeric Hydrocarbons||
| ||Polymeric Hydrocarbons||
|-
|-
| ||Salt of amine-carbonyl condensate||
| ||Salt of amine-carbonyl condensate||
|-
|-
| ||Salt of fatty acid/polyamine reaction product||
| ||Salt of fatty acid/polyamine reaction product||
|-
|-
| ||Sugar||
| ||Sugar||
|-
|-
| ||Surfactant blend||
| ||Surfactant blend||
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Hydraulic fracturing]]
* [[Hydraulic fracturing]]
*[[Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Hydraulic fracturing in the United States]]
* [[Hydraulic fracturing in the United States]]
*[[Hydraulic fracturing proppants]]
* [[Hydraulic fracturing proppants]]
*[[Uses of radioactivity in oil and gas wells]]
* [[Uses of radioactivity in oil and gas wells]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:30, 27 August 2023

The differences between additives for fracking in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid. In 2010, Halliburton announced the creation of food additive based hydraulic fracturing fluid in response to calls for transparency and demand for a "more environmentally friendly" unconventional hydrocarbon production.[1]

Europe[edit]

In Europe, Poland, Norway and Germany have the largest reserves of shale gas, and drillings are underway.[2]

United Kingdom[edit]

In the United Kingdom, the environmental regulator permits only chemical additives which are classed as non hazardous to groundwater for fracturing fluids.[3][4][5] Operators are required to disclose the content of hydraulic fracturing fluids to the relevant environment agency[6] while the composition must be disclosed if the regulator demands it.[7] The permitted additives for hydraulic fracturing fluid include polycrylamide, hydrochloric acid and a biocide.

CAS Number Chemical Constituent Commercial use [8]
9003-05-8 poly(2-prop-enamide)/Polyacrylamide EOR friction reducer
7647-01-0 Hydrochloric acid Pre-fracturing to clean perforations, water pH adjuster
14808-60-7 Crystalline Silica (Quartz) Proppant
111-30-8 Glutaraldehyde Biocide
7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride Chem tracer
7727-37-9 Nitrogen Waterless hydraulic fracturing

United States[edit]

In the US, about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing, also known as ingredients of pressurized fracking fluid,[9] in an industry report to the US Congress in 2011 after originally being kept secret for "commercial reasons".[10][11] The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives that are used or have been used in fracturing operations, as based on the report of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, some are known to be carcinogenic.[12]

CAS Number Chemical Constituent Commercial use [8]
2634-33-5 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-2-one / 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one Insecticide Spray, Stain Remover
95-63-6 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Automatic Transmission Sealer
123-91-1 1,4-Dioxane Wood Parquet Adhesive
3452-07-1 1-eicosene No record
629-73-2 1-hexadecene No record
112-88-9 1-octadecene No record
1120-36-1 1-tetradecene Stain Remover
10222-01-2 2,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a biocide No record
27776-21-2 2,2'-azobis-{2-(imidazlin-2-yl)propane}-dihydrochloride No record
73003-80-2 2,2-Dibromomalonamide No record
15214-89-8 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid sodium salt polymer No record
46830-22-2 2-acryloyloxyethyl(benzyl)dimethylammonium chloride No record
52-51-7 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol Deodorant, Conditioner
111-76-2 2-Butoxy ethanol Engine Cleaner
1113-55-9 2-Dibromo-3-Nitriloprionamide (2-Monobromo-3-nitriilopropionamide) No record
104-76-7 2-Ethyl Hexanol Diesel Fuel Treatment
67-63-0 2-Propanol / Isopropyl Alcohol / Isopropanol / Propan-2-ol Damar Varnish, Gloss
26062-79-3 2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-chloride, homopolymer Volumizing Conditioner
9003-03-6 2-propenoic acid, homopolymer, ammonium salt Moisturizer, Sunscreen
25987-30-8 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2 p-propenamide, sodium salt / Copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate No record
71050-62-9 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with sodium phosphinate (1:1) No record
66019-18-9 2-propenoic acid, telomer with sodium hydrogen sulfite No record
107-19-7 2-Propyn-1-ol / Propargyl alcohol No record
51229-78-8 3,5,7-Triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane, 1-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-chloride, Clean Pressed Powder
115-19-5 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol No record
127087-87-0 4-Nonylphenol Polyethylene Glycol Ether Branched / Nonylphenol ethoxylated / Oxyalkylated Phenol Chrome Wheel Cleaner
64-19-7 Acetic acid Silicone Sealant
68442-62-6 Acetic acid, hydroxy-, reaction products with triethanolamine No record
108-24-7 Acetic Anhydride No record
67-64-1 Acetone Solvent, Clear Finish Gloss
38193-60-1 Acrylamide – sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate copolymer Moisture, Lotion
25085-02-3 Acrylamide – Sodium Acrylate Copolymer or Anionic Polyacrylamide No record
25987-30-8 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2-propenamide, sodium salt No record
69418-26-4 Acrylamide polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride No record
15085 −02-3 Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymer No record
68551-12-2 Alcohols, C12-C16, Ethoxylated (a.k.a. Ethoxylated alcohol) Floor Cleaner, Stain Remover
64742-47-8 Aliphatic Hydrocarbon / Hydrotreated light distillate / Petroleum Distillates / Isoparaffinic Solvent / Paraffin Solvent / Napthenic Solvent Tar Remover, Lubricant
64743-02-8 Alkenes No record
68439-57-6 Alkyl (C14-C16) olefin sulfonate, sodium salt Car Wash, Dog Shampoo
9016-45-9 Alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants Engine Cleaner, Rubber Sealant
1327-41-9 Aluminum chloride Antiperspirant
73138-27-9 Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, ethoxylated No record
71011-04-6 Amines, Ditallow alkyl, ethoxylated No record
68551-33-7 Amines, tallow alkyl, ethoxylated, acetates No record
1336-21-6 Ammonia Stripper, Glue, Tire Repair
631-61-8 Ammonium acetate Haircolor Shine
68037-05-8 Ammonium Alcohol Ether Sulfate No record
7783-20-2 Ammonium bisulfate Ant Killer, Weed & Moss Control
10192-30-0 Ammonium bisulfite No record
12125-02-9 Ammonium chloride Brass & Copper Polish, Bleach
7632-50-0 Ammonium citrate No record
37475-88-0 Ammonium Cumene Sulfonate No record
1341-49-7 Ammonium hydrogen-difluoride Wheel Cleaner, Glass Etching
6484-52-2 Ammonium nitrate Moisture Control, Ink Cartridge
7727-54-0 Ammonium Persulfate / Diammonium peroxidisulphate Latex Paint, Maximizing Powder
1762-95-4 Ammonium Thiocyanate Liquid Hide Glue
7664-41-7 Aqueous ammonia Paint Stripper, Caulk
121888-68-4 Bentonite, benzyl(hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethylammonium stearate complex / organophilic clay Wine clearing agent, "Detox" Product
71-43-2 Benzene Fuel System Cleaner, Degreaser
119345-04-9 Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis, tetratpropylene derivatives, sulfonated, sodium salts Toilet Cleaner, Rust Neutralizer
74153-51-8 Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide No record
10043-35-3 Boric acid Roach Killer, Stain Remover
1303-86-2 Boric oxide / Boric Anhydride Carpenters Glue
71-36-3 Butan-1-ol Interior/Exterior Paint
68002-97-1 C10 – C16 Ethoxylated Alcohol Floor Finish Remover, Degreaser
68131-39-5 C12-15 Alcohol, Ethoxylated Graffiti Remover, Radiator Flush
10043-52-4 Calcium chloride Chlorinating Sanitizer, Ice Melt
124-38-9 Carbon dioxide Penetrant, Lubricator
68130-15-4 Carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar No record
9012-54-8 Cellulase / Hemicellulase Enzyme
9004-34-6 Cellulose
10049-04-4 Chlorine dioxide
77-92-9 Citric Acid
94266-47-4 Citrus Terpenes
61789-40-0 Cocamidopropyl betaine
68155-09-9 Cocamidopropylamine Oxide
68424-94-2 Coco-betaine
7758-98-7 Copper(II) sulfate
31726-34-8 Crissanol A-55
14808-60-7 Crystalline Silica (Quartz)
7447-39-4 Cupric chloride dihydrate
1120-24-7 Decyldimethyl Amine
2605-79-0 Decyl-dimethyl Amine Oxide
3252-43-5 Dibromoacetonitrile
25340-17-4 Diethylbenzene
111-46-6 Diethylene glycol
22042-96-2 Diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephonic acid) sodium salt
28757-00-8 Diisopropyl naphthalenesulfonic acid
68607-28-3 Dimethylcocoamine, bis(chloroethyl) ether, diquaternary ammonium salt
7398-69-8 Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
25265-71-8 Dipropylene glycol
139-33-3 Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate
5989-27-5 D-Limonene
123-01-3 Dodecylbenzene
27176-87-0 Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid
42504-46-1 Dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine
50-70-4 D-Sorbitol / Sorbitol
37288-54-3 Endo-1,4-beta-mannanase, or Hemicellulase
149879-98-1 Erucic Amidopropyl Dimethyl Betaine
89-65-6 Erythorbic acid, anhydrous
54076-97-0 Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, chloride, homopolymer
107-21 −1 Ethane-1,2-diol / Ethylene Glycol
9002-93-1 Ethoxylated 4-tert-octylphenol
68439-50-9 Ethoxylated alcohol
126950-60-5 Ethoxylated alcohol
67254-71-1 Ethoxylated alcohol (C10-12)
68951-67-7 Ethoxylated alcohol (C14-15)
68439-46-3 Ethoxylated alcohol (C9-11)
66455-15-0 Ethoxylated Alcohols
84133-50-6 Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14 Secondary)
68439-51-0 Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14)
78330-21-9 Ethoxylated branch alcohol
34398-01-1 Ethoxylated C11 alcohol
61791-12-6 Ethoxylated Castor Oil
61791-29-5 Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco
61791-08-0 Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco, reaction product with ethanolamine
68439-45-2 Ethoxylated hexanol
9036-19-5 Ethoxylated octylphenol
9005-67-8 Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monostearate
9004-70-3 Ethoxylated Sorbitan Trioleate
64-17-5 Ethyl alcohol / ethanol
100-41-4 Ethyl Benzene
97-64-3 Ethyl lactate
9003-11-6 Ethylene Glycol-Propylene Glycol Copolymer (Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane)
75-21-8 Ethylene oxide
5877-42-9 Ethyloctynol
68526-86-3 Exxal 13
61790-12-3 Fatty Acids
68188-40-9 Fatty acids, tall oil reaction products w/ acetophenone, formaldehyde & thiourea
9043-30-5 Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether surfactant
7705-08-0 Ferric chloride
7782-63-0 Ferrous sulfate, heptahydrate
50-00-0 Formaldehyde
29316-47-0 Formaldehyde polymer with 4,1,1-dimethylethyl phenolmethyl oxirane
153795-76-7 Formaldehyde, polymers with branched 4-nonylphenol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide
75-12-7 Formamide
64-18-6 Formic acid
110-17-8 Fumaric acid
65997-17-3 Glassy calcium magnesium phosphate
111-30-8 Glutaraldehyde
56-81-5 Glycerol / glycerine
9000-30-0 Guar Gum
64742-94-5 Heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha
9025-56-3 Hemicellulase
7647-01-0 Hydrochloric Acid / Hydrogen Chloride / muriatic acid Toilet Bowl Cleaner
7722-84-1 Hydrogen peroxide
79-14-1 Hydroxy acetic acid
35249-89-9 Hydroxyacetic acid ammonium salt
9004-62-0 Hydroxyethyl cellulose
5470-11-1 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride
39421-75-5 Hydroxypropyl guar
35674-56-7 Isomeric Aromatic Ammonium Salt
64742-88-7 Isoparaffinic Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Synthetic
64-63-0 Isopropanol
98-82-8 Isopropylbenzene (cumene)
68909-80-8 Isoquinoline, reaction products with benzyl chloride and quinoline
8008-20-6 Kerosene
64742-81-0 Kerosine, hydrodesulfurized
63-42-3 Lactose
64742-95-6 Light aromatic solvent naphtha
1120-21-4 Light Paraffin Oil
14807-96-6 Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (Talc)
1184-78-7 methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
67-56-1 Methanol
68891-11-2 Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane, mono (nonylphenol) ether, branched
8052-41-3 Mineral spirits / Stoddard Solvent
141-43-5 Monoethanolamine
44992-01-0 N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride
64742-48-9 Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy
91-20-3 Naphthalene
38640-62-9 Naphthalene bis(1-methylethyl)
93-18-5 Naphthalene, 2-ethoxy-
68909-18-2 N-benzyl-alkyl-pyridinium chloride
68139-30-0 N-Cocoamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylsulfobetaine
7727-37-9 Nitrogen, Liquid form
68412-54-4 Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate
121888-66-2 Organophilic Clays
64742-65-0 Petroleum Base Oil
64741-68-0 Petroleum naphtha
70714-66-8 Phosphonic acid, (phosphonomethyl)iminobis2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)tetrakis-, ammonium salt
8000-41-7 Pine Oil
60828-78-6 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-[3,5-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)hexyl]-w-hydroxy-
25322-68-3 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-hydro-w-hydroxy / Polyethylene Glycol
24938-91-8 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-
51838-31-4 Polyepichlorohydrin, trimethylamine quaternized
56449-46-8 Polyethlene glycol oleate ester
62649-23-4 Polymer with 2-propenoic acid and sodium 2-propenoate
9005-65-6 Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate
61791-26-2 Polyoxylated fatty amine salt
127-08-2 Potassium acetate
12712-38-8 Potassium borate
1332-77-0 Potassium borate
20786-60-1 Potassium Borate
584-08-7 Potassium carbonate
7447-40-7 Potassium chloride
590-29-4 Potassium formate
1310-58-3 Potassium Hydroxide
13709-94-9 Potassium metaborate
24634-61-5 Potassium sorbate
112926-00-8 Precipitated silica / silica gel
57-55-6 Propane-1,2-diol, or Propylene glycol
107-98-2 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
68953-58-2 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
62763-89-7 Quinoline,2-methyl-, hydrochloride
15619-48-4 Quinolinium, 1-(phenylmethl),chloride
7631-86-9 Silica, Dissolved
5324-84-5 Sodium 1-octanesulfonate
127-09-3 Sodium acetate
95371-16-7 Sodium Alpha-olefin sulfonate
532-32-1 Sodium benzoate
144-55-8 Sodium bicarbonate
7631-90-5 Sodium bisulfate
7647-15-6 Sodium bromide
497-19-8 Sodium carbonate
7647-14-5 Sodium Chloride Table salt
7758-19-2 Sodium chlorite
3926-62-3 Sodium chloroacetate
68-04-2 Sodium citrate
6381-77-7 Sodium erythorbate / isoascorbic acid, sodium salt
2836-32-0 Sodium Glycolate
1310-73-2 Sodium Hydroxide
7681-52-9 Sodium hypochlorite
7775-19-1 Sodium Metaborate .8H2O
10486-00-7 Sodium perborate tetrahydrate
7775-27-1 Sodium persulfate
9003-04-7 Sodium polyacrylate
7757-82-6 Sodium sulfate
1303-96-4 Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
7772-98-7 Sodium thiosulfate
1338-43-8 Sorbitan Monooleate
57-50-1 Sucrose
5329-14-6 Sulfamic acid
112945-52-5 Synthetic Amorphous / Pyrogenic Silica / Amorphous Silica
68155-20-4 Tall Oil Fatty Acid Diethanolamine
8052-48-0 Tallow fatty acids sodium salt
72480-70-7 Tar bases, quinoline derivs., benzyl chloride-quaternized
68647-72-3 Terpene and terpenoids
68956-56-9 Terpene hydrocarbon byproducts
533-74-4 Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (a.k.a. Dazomet)
55566-30-8 Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS)
75-57-0 Tetramethyl ammonium chloride
64-02-8 Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
68-11-1 Thioglycolic acid
62-56-6 Thiourea
68527-49-1 Thiourea, polymer with formaldehyde and 1-phenylethanone
108-88-3 Toluene
81741-28-8 Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride
68299-02-5 Triethanolamine hydroxyacetate
112-27-6 Triethylene glycol
52624-57-4 Trimethylolpropane, Ethoxylated, Propoxylated
150-38-9 Trisodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
5064-31-3 Trisodium Nitrilotriacetate
7601-54-9 Trisodium orthophosphate
57-13-6 Urea
25038-72-6 Vinylidene Chloride/Methylacrylate Copolymer
7732-18-5 Water Deionized water
1330-20-7 Xylene Carburetor Cleaner, Asphalt Primer
068604-95-5 Aliphatic acids Wall & Trim Enamel
078330-20-8 Aliphatic Ethoxylated Alcohols Leather Cleaner
000000-33-9 Alkyl aryl polyethoxy alcohols Coppersmiths Polish
000000-17-6 Alkylaryl Sulfonate Detergent, Stain Remover
064742-47-8 Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated light Tar Remover, Sealant
000110-43-0 Methyl n-amyl & ethyl ketones Hobby Cement, Sealant
Oxyalkylated alkylphenol
Petroleum distillate blend
Polyethoxylated alkanol
Polymeric Hydrocarbons
Salt of amine-carbonyl condensate
Salt of fatty acid/polyamine reaction product
Sugar
Surfactant blend

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Soraghan, Mike (15 November 2010). "Halliburton Announces Ecofriendly Fracking Fluid, More Disclosure". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2017. Halliburton Co., which is fighting U.S. EPA about disclosure of its fracking fluid, today announced that it will publicly disclose detailed information on its website about the chemicals used in its fracturing fluids. The Houston-based oilfield services company announced the creation of a new fracturing fluid that uses chemicals "sourced entirely from the food industry."
  2. ^ Dr Dave Healy (July 2012). "Hydraulic Fracturing or 'Fracking': A Short Summary of Current Knowledge and Potential Environmental Impacts" (PDF). Department of Geology & Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen: 18–19. Retrieved 12 November 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ "The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010". UK Government. 2010. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  4. ^ "The Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012". www.legislation.gov.uk. Queen's Printer for Scotland (QPS). Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  5. ^ "DIRECTIVE 2006/118/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration". eur-lex.europa.eu. EUR-Lex - 32006L0118 - EN - EUR-Lex. 12 December 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2014. It is necessary to distinguish between hazardous substances, inputs of which should be prevented, and other pollutants, inputs of which should be limited. Annex VIII to Directive 2000/60/EC, listing the main pollutants relevant for the water environment, should be used to identify hazardous and non-hazardous substances which present an existing or potential risk of pollution.
  6. ^ "Onshore oil and gas exploration in the UK: regulation and best practice" (PDF). DECC/BEIS. p. 46. Retrieved 13 April 2017. Operators will disclose the chemical additives of fracturing fluids on a well-by-well basis.
  7. ^ Mair, Robert (June 2012). Shale gas extraction in the UK: A review of hydraulic fracturing (PDF) (Report). The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  8. ^ a b NLM (August 2015). "Household Products Database". Health and Safety Information on Household Products. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  9. ^ GWPC & IOGCC (2015). "What chemicals are used in a hydraulic fracturing job". Chemical Disclosure Registry. FracFocus. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  10. ^ Nicholas Kusnetz (April 8, 2011). "Fracking Chemicals Cited in Congressional Report Stay Underground". ProPublica. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
  11. ^ Chemicals Used in Hydraulic Fracturing (PDF) (Report). Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. House of Representatives. April 18, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2013.
  12. ^ "Natural Gas Development Activities and High‐volume Hydraulic Fracturing" (PDF). New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 30 September 2009. pp. 45–51.
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