Military career and honours of Francisco Franco: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Coat of arms of Family Franco Bahamonde until 1940.svg|thumb|270px|Coat of Arms of Francisco Franco until 1940]] |
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{{Main|Francisco Franco}} |
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[[File:Coat of Arms of Francisco Franco as Head of the Spanish State.svg|thumb|270px|Coat of Arms of Francisco Franco |
[[File:Coat of Arms of Francisco Franco as Head of the Spanish State.svg|thumb|270px|Coat of Arms of Francisco Franco as Head of the Spanish State, depicting the [[Royal Bend of Castile|Castilian Bend]], the [[Pillars of Hercules]] and the [[Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand|Laureate Cross]]]] |
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The '''military career of [[Francisco Franco|Francisco Franco Bahamonde]]''' began on 29 August 1907, when he took the oath as a cadet at the |
The '''military career of [[Francisco Franco|Francisco Franco Bahamonde]]''' began on 29 August 1907, when he took the oath as a cadet at the Spanish [[Toledo Infantry Academy]]. On 13 July 1910 he graduated from Infantry Academy and was commissioned as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Spanish Army]], in the same promotion as [[Juan Yagüe]], [[Emilio Esteban Infantes]], [[Camilo Alonso Vega]], [[José Asensio Torrado|José Asensio]], [[Lisardo Bravo|Lisardo Doval Bravo]] and [[Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga]]. He rose through the ranks over the next twenty years and became one of the most important Spanish commissioned officers of the [[Rif War]]. On 31 January 1926 Franco, aged 33, became the youngest general in all of Europe. In January 1928 he was then chosen to direct the newly formed [[General Military Academy]] in [[Zaragoza]]. From 19 May 1935 to 23 February 1936, Franco was elevated to [[Chief of Staff of the Army (Spain)|Chief of Army Staff]] before the [[1936 Spanish general election|1936 election]] moved the leftist [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]] into power, relegating him to the [[Canary Islands]] as Commander of the [[Archipelago]] Force. After initial reluctance, he joined [[Spanish coup of July 1936|the July 1936 military coup]] which, after failing to take Spain, sparked the [[Spanish Civil War]]. |
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During the war, he commandeered Spain's [[Army of Africa (Spain)|colonial army in Africa]] and after the death of much of the rebel leadership became [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|his faction's]] only leader. On 1 October 1936, in [[Burgos]], Franco was appointed [[Generalissimo]] and [[List of heads of state of Spain#Francoist Spain (1936–1975)|Head of State]]. He [[Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)|consolidated all nationalist parties]] into the [[FET y de las JONS]] (creating a [[one-party state]]). Three years later the Nationalists declared victory and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975 assuming the title ''[[Caudillo]]''. |
During the war, he commandeered Spain's [[Army of Africa (Spain)|colonial army in Africa]] and after the death of much of the rebel leadership became [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|his faction's]] only leader. On 1 October 1936, in [[Burgos]], Franco was appointed [[Generalissimo]] and [[List of heads of state of Spain#Francoist Spain (1936–1975)|Head of State]]. He [[Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)|consolidated all nationalist parties]] into the [[FET y de las JONS]] (creating a [[one-party state]]). Three years later the Nationalists declared victory and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975 assuming the title ''[[Caudillo]]''. |
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== Styles == |
== Styles == |
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* '''3 August<ref group="note">Officially since 17 September 1936.</ref>{{spaced ndash}}30 September 1936''': ''"[[The Most Excellent]] Divisional general Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Member of the National Defence Board. |
* '''3 August<ref group="note">Officially since 17 September 1936.</ref>{{spaced ndash}}30 September 1936''': ''"[[The Most Excellent]] Divisional general Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Member of the National Defence Board."'' |
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* '''30 September{{spaced ndash}}1 October 1936''': ''[[The Most Excellent|"His Excellency]]'' the Head of the State Government and [[Generalissimo]] of the Armies. |
* '''30 September{{spaced ndash}}1 October 1936''': ''[[The Most Excellent|"His Excellency]]'' the Head of the State Government and [[Generalissimo]] of the Armies. |
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* '''1 October{{spaced ndash}}19 December 1936''': ''"His Excellency'' the Head of the State and Generalissimo of the Armies. |
* '''1 October{{spaced ndash}}19 December 1936''': ''"His Excellency'' the Head of the State and Generalissimo of the Armies. |
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*The cleanest sword of the West/Europe |
*The cleanest sword of the West/Europe |
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*Supreme captain of the [[La Raza|Race]] |
*Supreme captain of the [[La Raza|Race]] |
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*Undefeated |
*Undefeated [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]] |
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*Saviour of the Fatherland/Spain |
*Saviour of the Fatherland/Spain |
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*The only victor against Marxism on the field of battle |
*The only victor against Marxism on the field of battle |
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|[[File:Orde Fletxes Roges.gif|100px]] |
|[[File:Orde Fletxes Roges.gif|100px]] |
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|colspan="2"|Chief and Grand Collar of the Imperial Order of the Yoke and |
|colspan="2"|Chief and Grand Collar of the [[Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows]]<ref name="ordenflechas" group="lower-alpha">Civil and military order</ref> |
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|[[File:Order of Charles III - Sash of Collar.svg|100px]] |
|[[File:Order of Charles III - Sash of Collar.svg|100px]] |
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|[[File:Orde del Cardenal Cisneros.gif|100px]] |
|[[File:Orde del Cardenal Cisneros.gif|100px]] |
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|colspan="2"|Chief of the Order of |
|colspan="2"|Chief of the [[Order of Cisneros]] |
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|[[File:Vietnam Civil Actions Medal Second Class. |
|[[File:Vietnam Civil Actions Medal ribbon-Second Class.svg|100px]] |
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|colspan="2"|Chief of the Order of Africa |
|colspan="2"|Chief of the Order of Africa |
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|Grand Cross of the [[Order of the German Eagle]] |
|Grand Cross of the [[Order of the German Eagle]] |
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|[[Nazi Germany|Germany]] |
|[[Nazi Germany|Germany]] |
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|[[File:GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.svg|100px]] |
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|[[Kingdom of Greece]] |
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|[[File:Orden Nacional de Honor y Mérito, Gran Cruz.svg|100px]] |
|[[File:Orden Nacional de Honor y Mérito, Gran Cruz.svg|100px]] |
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|[[File:Military Order of Ayacucho (Peru) - ribbon bar.png|100px]] |
|[[File:Military Order of Ayacucho (Peru) - ribbon bar.png|100px]] |
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|Grand Cross of the Military Order of [[Battle of Ayacucho|Ayacucho]]<ref>[http://esge.edu.pe/campana_del_41/ |
|Grand Cross of the Military Order of [[Battle of Ayacucho|Ayacucho]]<ref>''[http://esge.edu.pe/campana_del_41/ Campaña Militar del 41] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319074439/http://esge.edu.pe/campana_del_41/ |date=2022-03-19 }} [41 Military Campaign]''. Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército (Perú). Retrieved 3 October 2020.</ref> |
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|[[Peru]] |
|[[Peru]] |
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|Grand Collar of the [[Order of Sikatuna]] |
|Grand Collar of the [[Order of Sikatuna]] |
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|[[File:PRT Three Orders BAR. |
|[[File:PRT Three Orders BAR.svg|100px]] |
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|[[Sash of the Three Orders]] |
|[[Sash of the Three Orders]] |
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|rowspan="3"|[[Portugal]] |
|rowspan="3"|[[Portugal]] |
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|[[File:PRT Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword - Grand Collar. |
|[[File:PRT Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword - Grand Collar.svg|100px]] |
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|Grand Collar of the [[Order of the Tower and Sword]] |
|Grand Collar of the [[Order of the Tower and Sword]] |
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|[[File:PRT Military Order of Aviz - Grand Cross BAR. |
|[[File:PRT Military Order of Aviz - Grand Cross BAR.svg|100px]] |
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|Grand Cross of the [[Military Order of Aviz]] |
|Grand Cross of the [[Military Order of Aviz]] |
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***Honorary Mayor (1939) '''(HW)''' |
***Honorary Mayor (1939) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Barakaldo|Baracaldo]]: Gold Medal (1950) '''(HW)''' |
**[[Barakaldo|Baracaldo]]: Gold Medal (1950) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Durango]]: Gold Medal (1972) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.que.es/basura/200811181935-durango-revocara-acuerdo-1972-otorgo.html www.que.es (18/11/2008)]</ref> |
**[[Durango, Biscay|Durango]]: Gold Medal (1972) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.que.es/basura/200811181935-durango-revocara-acuerdo-1972-otorgo.html www.que.es (18/11/2008)]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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**[[Guernica]]:<ref>[https://elpais.com/diario/1979/04/25/espana/293839215_850215.html El País (1979/04/25)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Guernica]]:<ref>[https://elpais.com/diario/1979/04/25/espana/293839215_850215.html El País (1979/04/25)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Brilliants Medal (1937) '''(HW)''' |
***Brilliants Medal (1937) '''(HW)''' |
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***Adopted Son (1966) '''(HW)''' |
***Adopted Son (1966) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Orduña-Urduña|Orduña]]:<ref>[http://www.urduna.com/es-ES/Historia/Memoriahistoricade1936/Paginas/Ordu%C3%B1aretiralost%C3%ADtulosymedallasconcedidasaFrancoyaotraspersonasvinculadasconelfranquismo.aspx Ayuntamiento de Orduña, Institutional statement (2016/07/17)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Orduña-Urduña|Orduña]]:<ref>[http://www.urduna.com/es-ES/Historia/Memoriahistoricade1936/Paginas/Ordu%C3%B1aretiralost%C3%ADtulosymedallasconcedidasaFrancoyaotraspersonasvinculadasconelfranquismo.aspx Ayuntamiento de Orduña, Institutional statement (2016/07/17)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024135844/http://www.urduna.com/es-ES/Historia/Memoriahistoricade1936/Paginas/Ordu%C3%B1aretiralost%C3%ADtulosymedallasconcedidasaFrancoyaotraspersonasvinculadasconelfranquismo.aspx |date=2020-10-24 }}. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Brilliants Medal (1961) '''(HW)''' |
***Brilliants Medal (1961) '''(HW)''' |
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***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1967) '''(HW)''' |
***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1967) '''(HW)''' |
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***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1953) '''(HW)''' |
***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1953) '''(HW)''' |
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***Adopted Son (1953) '''(HW)''' |
***Adopted Son (1953) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Barbastro]]:<ref>[https://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasDetalle.aspx?Id=562857 www.diariodelaltoaragon.es (2009/03/28)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Barbastro]]:<ref>[https://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasDetalle.aspx?Id=562857 www.diariodelaltoaragon.es (2009/03/28)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119211833/https://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasDetalle.aspx?Id=562857 |date=2021-01-19 }}. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Gold Medal (1953) '''(HW)''' |
***Gold Medal (1953) '''(HW)''' |
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***Honorary Mayor (1953) '''(HW)''' |
***Honorary Mayor (1953) '''(HW)''' |
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***Gold Medal '''(HW)''' |
***Gold Medal '''(HW)''' |
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***Life Honorary Mayor '''(HW)''' |
***Life Honorary Mayor '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Almadén de la Plata]]: Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)'''<ref>[http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/noticias/almaden-la-plata-sevilla-actualizado-franco-abandona-la-alcaldia www.todoslosnombres.org (2015/07/13)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Almadén de la Plata]]: Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)'''<ref>[http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/noticias/almaden-la-plata-sevilla-actualizado-franco-abandona-la-alcaldia www.todoslosnombres.org (2015/07/13)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006132916/http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/noticias/almaden-la-plata-sevilla-actualizado-franco-abandona-la-alcaldia |date=2017-10-06 }}. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[Bollullos de la Mitación]]: Adopted Son '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-pleno-bollullos-mitacion-sevilla-retira-titulo-hijo-adoptivo-francisco-franco-20111114171858.html www.europapress.es (2011/11/14)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Bollullos de la Mitación]]: Adopted Son '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-pleno-bollullos-mitacion-sevilla-retira-titulo-hijo-adoptivo-francisco-franco-20111114171858.html www.europapress.es (2011/11/14)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[Cazalla de la Sierra]]: |
**[[Cazalla de la Sierra]]: |
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***Adopted Son '''(HW)''' |
***Adopted Son '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Écija]]: Predilect Son (1936) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-memoria-pleno-ecija-revoca-designacion-franco-queipo-llano-falange-hijos-predilectos-20151229145952.html www.europapress.es (2015/12/29)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Écija]]: Predilect Son (1936) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-memoria-pleno-ecija-revoca-designacion-franco-queipo-llano-falange-hijos-predilectos-20151229145952.html www.europapress.es (2015/12/29)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[El Madroño]]:<ref>[http://www.todoslosnombres.org/sites/default/files/el_madrono.pdf Proposal for the withdrawal of honorary titles. Ayuntamiento de El Madroño]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[El Madroño]]:<ref>[http://www.todoslosnombres.org/sites/default/files/el_madrono.pdf Proposal for the withdrawal of honorary titles. Ayuntamiento de El Madroño] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809140529/https://www.todoslosnombres.org/sites/default/files/el_madrono.pdf |date=2021-08-09 }}. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)''' |
***Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)''' |
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***Adopted Son (1946) '''(HW)''' |
***Adopted Son (1946) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Mairena del Alcor]]: Adopted Son (1936) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://elcorreoweb.es/historico/el-ayuntamiento-de-mairena-del-alcor-retira-el-titulo-de-hijo-adoptivo-a-franco-PGEC449457 elcorreoweb.es (2020/10/10)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Mairena del Alcor]]: Adopted Son (1936) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://elcorreoweb.es/historico/el-ayuntamiento-de-mairena-del-alcor-retira-el-titulo-de-hijo-adoptivo-a-franco-PGEC449457 elcorreoweb.es (2020/10/10)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[Pedrera, Seville|Pedrera]]: Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.diariodesevilla.es/provincia/Pleno-Pedrera-Alcalde-Honor-Franco_0_860014322.html www.diariodesevilla.es (2014/11/07)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Pedrera, Seville|Pedrera]]: Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.diariodesevilla.es/provincia/Pleno-Pedrera-Alcalde-Honor-Franco_0_860014322.html www.diariodesevilla.es (2014/11/07)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[San Juan de Aznalfarache]]: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1964) '''(HW)'''<ref>[ |
**[[San Juan de Aznalfarache]]: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1964) '''(HW)'''<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/09/19/andalucia_sevilla/1348082324.html www.elmundo.es (2012/09/19)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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*[[Province of Soria]]: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1948) '''(HW)''' |
*[[Province of Soria]]: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1948) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Soria]]:<ref>[https://www.elplural.com/sociedad/soria-agradecio-en-1939-a-franco-haber-rescatado-a-espana-y-hasta-ahora-no-se-ha-arrepentido_84121102 www.elplural.com (07/07/2016)]</ref><ref>[https://sorianoticias.com/noticia/2016-07-14-el-ayuntamiento-retira-honores-ciudad-franco-33426 Soria Noticias (2016/07/14)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Soria]]:<ref>[https://www.elplural.com/sociedad/soria-agradecio-en-1939-a-franco-haber-rescatado-a-espana-y-hasta-ahora-no-se-ha-arrepentido_84121102 www.elplural.com (07/07/2016)]</ref><ref>[https://sorianoticias.com/noticia/2016-07-14-el-ayuntamiento-retira-honores-ciudad-franco-33426 Soria Noticias (2016/07/14)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Gold Medal (1942) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.eldiario.es/comunitat-valenciana/ayuntamiento-valencia-franco-medalla-oro_1_2713591.html www.eldiario.es (2015/04/20)]. In Spanish</ref> |
***Gold Medal (1942) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.eldiario.es/comunitat-valenciana/ayuntamiento-valencia-franco-medalla-oro_1_2713591.html www.eldiario.es (2015/04/20)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Honorary Mayor (1939) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2012/08/01/franco-deja-alcalde-honorario-valencia-12964624.html www.levante-emv.com (2012/08/01)]. In Spanish</ref> |
***Honorary Mayor (1939) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2012/08/01/franco-deja-alcalde-honorario-valencia-12964624.html www.levante-emv.com (2012/08/01)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[Algemesí]]:<ref>[http://algemesi.info/6474 algemesi.info (2012/09/24)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Algemesí]]:<ref>[http://algemesi.info/6474 algemesi.info (2012/09/24)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013032000/http://algemesi.info/6474 |date=2020-10-13 }}. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Gold Medal (1946) |
***Gold Medal (1946) |
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***Honorary Mayor (1946) |
***Honorary Mayor (1946) |
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***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)''' |
***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)''' |
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***Predilect Son (1946) '''(HW)''' |
***Predilect Son (1946) '''(HW)''' |
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**[[Sagunto]]: Gold Medal (1965) '''(HW)'''<ref>[http://www.aytosagunto.es/es-es/actualidad/Paginas/retirada_tituloshonorificos.aspx?PrintPreview=true www.aytosagunto.es (2015/10/01)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Sagunto]]: Gold Medal (1965) '''(HW)'''<ref>[http://www.aytosagunto.es/es-es/actualidad/Paginas/retirada_tituloshonorificos.aspx?PrintPreview=true www.aytosagunto.es (2015/10/01)]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[Sueca, Valencia|Sueca]]:<ref>[https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/12/04/espana/1070573613.html www.elmundo.es (2003/12/04)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Sueca, Valencia|Sueca]]:<ref>[https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/12/04/espana/1070573613.html www.elmundo.es (2003/12/04)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)''' |
***Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) '''(HW)''' |
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***Honorary and Predilect Son (1946) '''(HW)''' |
***Honorary and Predilect Son (1946) '''(HW)''' |
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*[[Province of Valladolid]]: Diamonds Medal of the Provincial Council (1952) '''(HW)'''<ref>[ |
*[[Province of Valladolid]]: Diamonds Medal of the Provincial Council (1952) '''(HW)'''<ref>[http://www.abc.es/espana/castilla-leon/abci-diputacion-valladolid-retira-medallas-y-distinciones-franco-201704211357_noticia.html www.abc.es (2017/04/21)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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**[[Valladolid]]: Honorary Mayor (1939) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.eldiadevalladolid.com/noticia/z5195dcfc-03a8-c69a-055a15e6fe040f6b/201511/franco-sigue-siendo-alcalde-honorario-de-valladolid-40-anos-despues-de-su-muerte www.eldiadevalladolid.com (2020/10/11)]. In Spanish</ref> |
**[[Valladolid]]: Honorary Mayor (1939) '''(HW)'''<ref>[https://www.eldiadevalladolid.com/noticia/z5195dcfc-03a8-c69a-055a15e6fe040f6b/201511/franco-sigue-siendo-alcalde-honorario-de-valladolid-40-anos-despues-de-su-muerte www.eldiadevalladolid.com (2020/10/11)]. In Spanish</ref> |
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*[[Province of Zamora]]: |
*[[Province of Zamora]]: |
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* {{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1934/088/A02386-02387.pdf |title= Biografía del general de división, el de brigada D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde y el general de brigada, el coronel de infantería D. Rogelio Caridad Pita|date=29 March 1934|website=BOE - Spanish Official Journal, No. 88|publisher= Gaceta de Madrid. War Ministry |language=es |trans-title= Biography of the Major General, Brigadier D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde and Brigadier General, Infantry Colonel D. Rogelio Caridad Pita}} |
* {{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1934/088/A02386-02387.pdf |title= Biografía del general de división, el de brigada D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde y el general de brigada, el coronel de infantería D. Rogelio Caridad Pita|date=29 March 1934|website=BOE - Spanish Official Journal, No. 88|publisher= Gaceta de Madrid. War Ministry |language=es |trans-title= Biography of the Major General, Brigadier D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde and Brigadier General, Infantry Colonel D. Rogelio Caridad Pita}} |
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* {{cite web |url=https://fnff.es/historia/812051671/francisco-franco-biografia-cronologica.html |title= Biografía cronológica de Francisco Franco|publisher= [[Francisco Franco National Foundation]]|language=es |trans-title= Chronological biography of Francisco Franco|access-date=2 October 2020 }} |
* {{cite web |url=https://fnff.es/historia/812051671/francisco-franco-biografia-cronologica.html |title= Biografía cronológica de Francisco Franco|publisher= [[Francisco Franco National Foundation]]|language=es |trans-title= Chronological biography of Francisco Franco|access-date=2 October 2020 }} |
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* {{Cite book|first=Hernández Garvi|last=José Luis|title=Breve historia de... Francisco Franco|trans-title=Brief history of ... Francisco Franco|year=2013|publisher=Nowtilus|isbn=9788499675411|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybdMAQAAQBAJ&q=francisco+franco+comandante+regimiento+del+pr%C3%ADncipe+marzo+1917&pg=PT64|language=es}} |
* {{Cite book|first=Hernández Garvi|last=José Luis|title=Breve historia de... Francisco Franco|trans-title=Brief history of ... Francisco Franco|year=2013|publisher=Nowtilus|isbn=9788499675411|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybdMAQAAQBAJ&q=francisco+franco+comandante+regimiento+del+pr%C3%ADncipe+marzo+1917&pg=PT64|language=es}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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* {{cite web |url=https://www.curistoria.com/2018/10/sorprendentes-curiosos-titulos-sobrenombres-franco.html |title= Las sorprendentes y curiosas expresiones y sobrenombres de Franco|date=31 October 2018|website=www.curistoria.com|publisher=Curistoria|language=es |trans-title=The surprising and curious expressions and nicknames of Franco|access-date=2 October 2020 }} |
* {{cite web |url=https://www.curistoria.com/2018/10/sorprendentes-curiosos-titulos-sobrenombres-franco.html |title= Las sorprendentes y curiosas expresiones y sobrenombres de Franco|date=31 October 2018|website=www.curistoria.com|publisher=Curistoria|language=es |trans-title=The surprising and curious expressions and nicknames of Franco|access-date=2 October 2020 }} |
||
*Matilde Eiroa San Francisco, Matilde [http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-85742012000100005 ''Acción exterior y propaganda. Las visitas de líderes latinoamericanos a Franco''] [Foreign action and propaganda. The visits of Latin American leaders to Franco]. Mexico. Revista de estudios Latinoamericanos [On-line]. No.54 (Jan./Jun. 2012). ISSN 2448-6914 (in Spanish). |
*Matilde Eiroa San Francisco, Matilde [http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-85742012000100005 ''Acción exterior y propaganda. Las visitas de líderes latinoamericanos a Franco''] [Foreign action and propaganda. The visits of Latin American leaders to Franco]. Mexico. Revista de estudios Latinoamericanos [On-line]. No.54 (Jan./Jun. 2012). ISSN 2448-6914 (in Spanish). |
||
* {{cite |
* {{cite journal |url=https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Hyp/article/view/50917/31094#:~:text=Francisco%20Franco%20Bahamonde%2C%20Jefe%20Nacional,del%20Movimiento%20salvador%20de%20Espa%C3%B1a|title=Franco, el caudillo: origen y perfil de una magistratura política carismática|last=Moradiellos|first=Enrique|journal=Historia y Política: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales |author-link= Enrique Moradiellos|year=2016|issue=35 |pages=261–287 |publisher=Universidad de Extremadura|doi=10.18042/hp.35.11 |language=es |trans-title=Franco, the caudillo: origin and profile of a charismatic political magistracy|access-date=2 October 2020 |doi-access=free}} |
||
*Prieto Barrio (2011). [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/omm18641875.htm Cruces del Mérito Militar], [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/omn18661931.htm Naval], [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/cguerra.htm War Cross (Spain)], [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/mmc.htm |
*Prieto Barrio (2011). [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/omm18641875.htm Cruces del Mérito Militar], [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/omn18661931.htm Naval], [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/cguerra.htm War Cross (Spain)], [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/mmc.htm Collective Military Medal] and [https://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/medallas/texto/campafrica.htm African campaigns]. Condecoraciones Militares. Retrieved 2 October 2020 (in Spanish). |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Military Career Of Francisco Franco}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Military Career Of Francisco Franco}} |
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Latest revision as of 22:18, 3 September 2023
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_Family_Franco_Bahamonde_until_1940.svg/270px-Coat_of_arms_of_Family_Franco_Bahamonde_until_1940.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Francisco_Franco_as_Head_of_the_Spanish_State.svg/270px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Francisco_Franco_as_Head_of_the_Spanish_State.svg.png)
The military career of Francisco Franco Bahamonde began on 29 August 1907, when he took the oath as a cadet at the Spanish Toledo Infantry Academy. On 13 July 1910 he graduated from Infantry Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Spanish Army, in the same promotion as Juan Yagüe, Emilio Esteban Infantes, Camilo Alonso Vega, José Asensio, Lisardo Doval Bravo and Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga. He rose through the ranks over the next twenty years and became one of the most important Spanish commissioned officers of the Rif War. On 31 January 1926 Franco, aged 33, became the youngest general in all of Europe. In January 1928 he was then chosen to direct the newly formed General Military Academy in Zaragoza. From 19 May 1935 to 23 February 1936, Franco was elevated to Chief of Army Staff before the 1936 election moved the leftist Popular Front into power, relegating him to the Canary Islands as Commander of the Archipelago Force. After initial reluctance, he joined the July 1936 military coup which, after failing to take Spain, sparked the Spanish Civil War.
During the war, he commandeered Spain's colonial army in Africa and after the death of much of the rebel leadership became his faction's only leader. On 1 October 1936, in Burgos, Franco was appointed Generalissimo and Head of State. He consolidated all nationalist parties into the FET y de las JONS (creating a one-party state). Three years later the Nationalists declared victory and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975 assuming the title Caudillo.
Styles
[edit]- 3 August[note 1] – 30 September 1936: "The Most Excellent Divisional general Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Member of the National Defence Board."
- 30 September – 1 October 1936: "His Excellency the Head of the State Government and Generalissimo of the Armies.
- 1 October – 19 December 1936: "His Excellency the Head of the State and Generalissimo of the Armies.
- 19 December 1936 – † 20 November 1975 : "His Excellency the Head of the State, Caudillo of Spain and the Crusade, Generalissimo of the Armies.[a][b]
Nicknames
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/V%C3%ADtor_%28Symbol%29.svg/220px-V%C3%ADtor_%28Symbol%29.svg.png)
- Homo missus a Deo (A man sent from God).
- Providential man
- Sentinel of the West
- Crusader of the West
- Prince of the armies
- The cleanest sword of the West/Europe
- Supreme captain of the Race
- Undefeated Caesar
- Saviour of the Fatherland/Spain
- The only victor against Marxism on the field of battle
- The youngest general in Europe
- Little light of El Pardo
Dates of rank
[edit]29 August 1907 – 13 July 1910: Gentleman Cadet
13 July 1910 – 13 July 1912: Second Lieutenant
13 June 1912 – 15 March 1915: First Lieutenant
15 March 1915 – 29 June 1918: Captain[c]
29 June 1918 – 31 January 1924: Commandant[c]
31 January 1924 – 7 February 1925: Lieutenant Colonel[c]
7 February 1925 – 31 January 1926: Colonel
31 January 1926 – 29 March 1934: Brigade General[c]
29 March 1934 – 18 July 1938:[a] Divisional General
30 September 1936 – † 20 November 1975:[a] Generalissimo of the Armies
18 July 1938[a] – † 20 November 1975:[b] Captain General, Army[1]
18 July 1938[a] – † 20 November 1975:[b] Captain General, Navy[1]
7 October 1939 – † 20 November 1975:[b] Captain General, Air Force
List of assignment
[edit]- 23 July 1910 – 6 February 1912: Second Lieutenant, 8th Infantry Regiment «Zamora»
- 19 February 1912 – 15 April 1913: Second and First Lieutenant, 68th Infantry Regiment «África»
- 15 April 1913 – 26 March 1915: First Lieutenant, 1st Indigenous Regular Forces of Melilla
- 26 March – 7 April 1915: Captain, Square for Service Eventualities in Ceuta
- 7 April 1915 – 1 January 1917: Captain, 1st Indigenous Regular Forces of Melilla
- 1 January – 1 March 1917: Captain, 1st Group of Indigenous Regular Forces of Tétouan
- 1 March 1917 – 27 September 1920 Commandant, 3rd Infantry Regiment «Príncipe»
- 27 September 1920 – 8 June 1923: Chief of the 1st Flag of the Foreigners Tercio
- 8 June 1923 – 11 February 1926: Chief of the Volunteers Tercio
- 29 April 1926 – 8 January 1928: Chief of the 1st Infantry Brigade, 1st Division
- 8 January 1928 – 30 June 1931: Director of the General Military Academy
- 5 February 1932 – 29 March 1934: Chief of the 15th Infantry Brigade
- 29 March 1934 – 15 February 1935: Balearics General Commander[d]
- 15 February – 19 May 1935: High Chief of the Military Force in Morocco
- 19 May 1935 – 23 February 1936: Chief of Army Staff
- 23 February – 25 July 1936:[e] Canary General Commander
- 25 July – 27 August 1936: General of the Army in Morocco and the Southern Spain[a]
- 27 August – 30 September 1936: Chief of the Military Force in Morocco and the Expeditionary Force[a]
- 30 September 1936 – † 20 November 1975:[a][b] Commander-in-chief of the Armies/Spanish Armed Forces
Awards
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Grand_Laureate_Cross_Order_Saint_Ferdinand_Spain_AEACollections.jpg/220px-Grand_Laureate_Cross_Order_Saint_Ferdinand_Spain_AEACollections.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Legion-esp-oro.svg/220px-Legion-esp-oro.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Distintivo_de_Gentilhombre_de_C%C3%A1mara_durante_el_reinado_de_Alfonso_XIII.jpg/270px-Distintivo_de_Gentilhombre_de_C%C3%A1mara_durante_el_reinado_de_Alfonso_XIII.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Francisco_Franco_as_Head_of_the_Spanish_State_%28Supreme_Order_of_Christ%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Francisco_Franco_as_Head_of_the_Spanish_State_%28Supreme_Order_of_Christ%29.svg.png)
Local government
[edit]- Álava:
- Province of Albacete: Gold, Honor and Gratitude Medal of the Provincial Council (1958)[21]
- Province of Alicante: Adopted and Predilect Son of the Province (HW)[23]
- Alicante: Gold Medal (1966) (HW)[24]
- Denia:[25]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Jijona: Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[26]
- Ondara: Adopted Son (HW)[27]
- Orihuela:[28]
- Medal of the City
- Covered Gentleman
- San Juan:[29]
- Gold Medal (1974) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1940) (HW)
- Santa Pola: Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[30]
- Sax: Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[31]
- Villena: Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[32]
- Province of Almería: Provincial Gold Medal (1956) (HW)[33]
- Almería: Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Huércal-Overa: Honorary Pro-man of the Comarcal Sindical Brotherhood of Farmers and Ranchers (1946)
- Province of Ávila:
- Province of Badajoz:
- Balearic Islands:
- Palma de Mallorca: Gold Medal (1946) (HW)[37]
- Deyá: Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[38]
- Mahón: Gold Medal (1949) (HW)[39]
- Mancor del Valle: Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[40]
- San Lorenzo del Cardezar: Adopted Son (1937) (HW)[41]
- Province of Barcelona:
- Barcelona:
- Molins de Rey: Gold Medal (1973) (HW)[44]
- Biscay:[45]
- Brilliants Medal of the Provincial Council (1950) (HW)
- First Biscayan of Adoption and Honour (1950) (HW)
- Bilbao:
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)
- Baracaldo: Gold Medal (1950) (HW)
- Durango: Gold Medal (1972) (HW)[46]
- Guernica:[47]
- Brilliants Medal (1937) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1966) (HW)
- Orduña:[48]
- Brilliants Medal (1961) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1967) (HW)
- Santurce: Gold Medal (1971) (HW) [49]
- Sestao:[50]
- Gold Medal (1966) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1966) (HW)
- Province of Burgos:
- Province of Cáceres: Provincial Gold Medal (1954) (HW)[52]
- Province of Cádiz: Gold Plate (1948) (HW)[54]
- Cádiz: Gold Medal (1975-2008, Posthumous)[55]
- Barbate: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (HW)[56]
- Chiclana de la Frontera:[57]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Adopted Son(HW)
- Puerto Real:[58]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Adopted and Predilect Son (HW)
- El Puerto de Santa María:[59]
- Gold Medal (1962) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1964) (HW)
- San Fernando:[60]
- Gold Medal (1950)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1951)
- San Roque: Gold Medal (1950) (HW)[61]
- Sanlúcar de Barrameda:[62]
- Gold Medal (1961) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1972) (HW)
- Province of Castellón:
- Province of Ciudad Real:
- Almadén: Gold Medal (1953) (HW)[66]
- Puertollano: Honorary Mayor (HW)[67]
- Socuéllamos: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (HW)[68]
- Tomelloso: (HW)[69]
- Gold Medal (1973) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1967) (HW)
- Province of Córdoba: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1961) (HW)[70]
- Province of La Coruña:[73]
- Predilect Son of the Province (1936) (HW)
- Galician Ex-Combatant Medal (1943) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1944) (HW)
- La Coruña:[74]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Betanzos:[75]
- Gold Medal
- Adopted Son
- Ferrol:[76]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Predilect Son (HW)
- Santiago de Compostela: Gold Honor Medal (1946) (HW)[77]
- Province of Cuenca:[78]
- Province of Gerona:[80]
- Province of Granada: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1956) (HW) [84]
- Province of Guadalajara: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1959) (HW)[88]
- Guadalajara: Gold Medal (1959) (HW)[88]
- Guipúzcoa:
- San Sebastián: Gold Medal (1939) (HW)[89]
- Anzuola: Honorary Mayor (HW)[90]
- Arechavaleta: Honorary Mayor (HW)[90]
- Eibar: Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)[91]
- Elgoibar: Honorary Mayor (1936) (HW)
- Elgueta: Honorary Mayor (1936) (HW)
- Mondragón: Honorary Mayor (HW)[90]
- Oñate: Honorary Mayor (HW)[90]
- Pasajes: Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)[92]
- Rentería: Honorary Mayor (HW)[93]
- Vergara: Honorary Mayor (HW)[90]
- Zarauz: Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)
- Zumaya: Honorary Mayor (HW)[94]
- Province of Huelva:
- Huelva:[95]
- Gold Medal (1943) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1943) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1943) (HW)
- Aljaraque: Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[96]
- Almonte: Honorary Mayor (1956) (HW)[97]
- Gibraleón: Honorary Mayor (HW)[98]
- Nerva: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[99]
- San Juan del Puerto: Honorary Mayor (1956) (HW)[100]
- Valverde del Camino: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[101]
- Zalamea la Real: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[102]
- Huelva:[95]
- Province of Huesca:[103]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son of the Province (1953) (HW)
- Huesca:[104]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1953) (HW)
- Barbastro:[105]
- Gold Medal (1953) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1953) (HW)
- Binéfar:[106]
- Gold Medal (1969) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1969) (HW)
- Monzón:[107]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1953) (HW)
- Province of Jaén:[108]
- Province of León:[111]
- Extraordinary Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1960) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1945) (HW)
- Adopted Son of the Province (1939) (HW)
- Provincial Combatant Medal, extraordinary category (1964) (HW)
- León[112]
- City Medal with Laurels (1952) (HW) [112]
- Ponferrada:[113]
- Gold Medal (1949) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)
- Villablino: Gold Medal (1971) (HW)[114]
- Province of Lérida:[115]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1947) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1942) (HW)
- Lérida: Gold Medal (1941) (HW)[116]
- Seo de Urgel: Gold Medal (1966) (HW)[117]
- Province of Logroño: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1954) (HW)[118]
- Province of Lugo:[120]
- Province of Madrid:[123]
- Madrid:[79]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Honor Medal (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Aranjuez: Gold Medal (1970) (HW)[124]
- Coslada: Honorary Mayor (1967) (HW)[125]
- Chinchón: Gold Medal (1951)
- Getafe:[126]
- Gold Medal (1972) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1972) (HW)
- Pinto: Gold with Brilliants Point (1949) (HW)[127]
- Madrid:[79]
- Province of Málaga:[128]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1964) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1946) (HW)
- Málaga:[129][130]
- Gold Medal (1946) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1943) (HW)
- Adopted and Predilect Son (1937) (HW)
- Marbella: Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[131]
- Ronda:[132]
- Gold Medal (1967) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1967) (HW)
- Vélez-Málaga:[133]
- Gold Medal (1964) (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Province of Murcia: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1946)
- Province of Orense: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1957) (HW)[137]
- Orense:[138]
- Gold Medal (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1946) (HW)
- Carballino: Gold Medal (1961) (HW)[139]
- Orense:[138]
- Province of Oviedo:
- Province of Palencia: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (HW)[144]
- Province of Las Palmas: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1952) (HW)
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria:
- Gold Medal (1969) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1943) (HW)
- Gran Canaria:
- Honorary President of the council (1945) (HW)
- Council Medal of the Ex-Combatant (1942) (HW)
- Fuerteventura:[146]
- Council Gold Medal (1960) (HW)
- Honorary President of the council (1945) (HW)
- Arucas: Gold Medal (1950) (HW)[147]
- Telde:[148]
- Gold Medal (1975) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1936) (HW)
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria:
- Province of Pamplona - Former Kingdom of Navarre:[149]
- Extraordinary Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1974) (HW)
- Adopted Son of Navarre (1974) (HW)
- Pamplona: Adopted and Predilect Son (HW)[150]
- Esteribar: Adopted Son (1948) (HW)[151]
- Huarte-Araquil: Adopted and Predilect Son (1948) (HW)[152]
- Lumbier: Adopted Son (1948) (HW)[151]
- Marcilla: Adopted Son (1948) (HW)[151]
- Miranda de Arga: Adopted Son(HW)[151]
- Province of Pontevedra: Perpetual Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1952) (HW)[153]
- Pontevedra: Gold Medal (1944) (HW)[154]
- Tuy: Gold Medal (1968) (HW)[155]
- Vigo: Platinum Medal (1945)[156]
- Villagarcía de Arosa: Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[157]
- Province of Salamanca: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1954) (HW)[158]
- Salamanca: Gold Medal (1948) (HW)[159]
- Peñaranda de Bracamonte: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1974) (HW)[160]
- Province of Segovia: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1957) (HW)[161]
- Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife:
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife:[163]
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1939) (HW)
- Tenerife: Adopted Son (1936) (HW)
- Candelaria: Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[164]
- San Cristóbal de La Laguna: Gold Medal (1966) (HW)[165]
- Hermigua:[166]
- Gold Medal (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1936) (HW)
- Los Llanos de Aridane:[167]
- Gold Medal (1950) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1950) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1936) (HW)
- La Orotava[168]
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1939) (HW)
- El Paso:[169]
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife:[163]
- Province of Santander:
- Santander:[170]
- Gold Medal (1952) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Freedom of the city (1968) (HW)
- Torrelavega:[171]
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Santander:[170]
- Province of Seville:[172][173]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1967) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1946) (HW)
- Seville:[174]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Life Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Almadén de la Plata: Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)[175]
- Bollullos de la Mitación: Adopted Son (HW)[176]
- Cazalla de la Sierra:
- Adopted and Predilect Son (1951) (HW)[177]
- Dos Hermanas:[178]
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Écija: Predilect Son (1936) (HW)[179]
- El Madroño:[180]
- Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1946) (HW)
- Mairena del Alcor: Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[181]
- Pedrera: Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)[182]
- San Juan de Aznalfarache: Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1964) (HW)[183]
- Province of Soria: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1948) (HW)
- Province of Tarragona:
- Province of Teruel:
- Province of Toledo: Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1972) (HW)[194]
- Province of Valencia:[197]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (HW)
- Valencia:
- Algemesí:[200]
- Gold Medal (1946)
- Honorary Mayor (1946)
- Adopted and Predilect Son (1946)
- Casinos:[201]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1946) (HW)
- Catarroja: Gold Medal (1972) (HW)[202]
- Gandia: Predilect Son (1946) (HW)[203]
- Játiva:[204]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Honorary and Predilect Son (1946) (HW)
- Onteniente:[205]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Adopted and Predilect Son (HW)
- Puebla de Vallbona:[206]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1946) (HW)
- Sagunto: Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[207]
- Sueca:[208]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Honorary and Predilect Son (1946) (HW)
- Province of Valladolid: Diamonds Medal of the Provincial Council (1952) (HW)[209]
- Valladolid: Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)[210]
- Province of Zamora:
- Province of Zaragoza:
- Ceuta:[215]
- Gold and Brilliants Medal
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1939)
- Predilect Son
Private corporations
[edit]- Fútbol Club Barcelona:[216]
- Palau Blagurana Inauguration Commemorative Gold Medal (1971) (HW)
- Club 75 Anniversary Gold Medal (1974) (HW)
Scholastic
[edit]Honorary doctorates
[edit]- Pontifical University of Salamanca, Canon Law, 1954.
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Sciences, 1965 (HW).[218]
- University of Salamanca, Law, 1966.
- University of Coimbra, Law, 1949.
Honorific eponyms
[edit]Localities
[edit]- Badajoz: Esparragosa del Caudillo (HEW), Gévora del Caudillo (HEW), Guadiana del Caudillo (HEW) and Villafranco del Guadiana
- Cáceres: Albalá del Caudillo (HEW), Alagón del Caudillo (HEW) and Tiétar del Caudillo (HEW)
- Ciudad Real: Llanos del Caudillo and Villanueva de Franco (HEW)
- Córdoba: Bembézar del Caudillo (HEW)
- La Coruña: Ferrol del Caudillo (HEW)
- Jaén: Guadalén del Caudillo (HEW) and Guadalimar del Caudillo (HEW)
- León: Bárcena del Caudillo (HEW)
- Málaga: Villafranco del Guadalhorce
- Salamanca: Águeda del Caudillo (HEW)
- Seville: El Viar del Caudillo (HEW) and Villafranco del Guadalquivir (HEW)
- Teruel: Campillo de Franco (HEW)
- Toledo: Alberche del Caudillo
- Zaragoza: Bardena del Caudillo (HEW)
Institutions and public infrastructures
[edit]- Alcobendas, Madrid: «Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
- Alhama de Murcia: «Francisco Franco» School (HEW)
- Arrecife, Las Palmas: «Generalísimo Franco» Scholar Group (HEW)
- Barcelona:
- «Francisco Franco» Health City of Social Security (HEW)[219]
- Autonomous University: «Francisco Franco» School of Sanitary Technical Assistants (HEW)
- Beariz, Orense: «Francisco Franco» School (HEW)
- Benagéber, Valencia: Generalissimo Dam
- Cádiz: «Generalísimo Franco» Institution of Feminine Labor Teaching (HEW)
- La Coruña: «Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
- Ciudad Real: «Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
- Getafe, Madrid: «Francisco Franco» Public School (HEW)
- Jerez, Cádiz: «Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
- Madrid:
- «Francisco Franco» City Scholars (HEW)
- «Francisco Franco» Provincial Health City (HEW)
- «Generalísimo Franco» Military Hospital (1950-2001)
- Málaga: «Francisco Franco» Professional School (HEW)
- Parla, Madrid: «Francisco Franco» School (HEW)
- Rosell, Castellón: «Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
- San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia: «Francisco Franco» School (HEW)
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife: «Generalísimo Franco» Public School (HEW)
- Seville: «Generalísimo Franco Franco» National School (HEW)
- Numerous avenues, streets, centers, schools, institutes and squares called "Generalísimo Franco", "Francisco Franco" or "Caudillo" of various cities and towns in the country, most of them renamed since the times of the transition to democracy.
Foundation
[edit]Awards
[edit]- National Literature Prize «Francisco Franco» (1940-1975)
- Spanish National Research Council (Suppressed)[220]
- «Francisco Franco» Prizes for Spanish Literature
- «Francisco Franco» Prize for Sciences
- «Francisco Franco» Prize for Individual Technical Investigation
- «Francisco Franco» Prize for Team Technical Research
Other
[edit]See also
[edit]- Francisco Franco
- Francoist Spain
- Symbols of Francoism
- List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain
Notes
[edit]- (HW): Honour posthumously withdrawn
- (HEW): Honorific eponym withdrawn
- ^ a b c d e f g h Disputed until 1939 (Civil War).
- ^ a b c d e Perpetually at the head of the ranks of the Army, Navy and Air Force, Decree 3269/1975, 5 December. BOE - Spanish Official Journal no. 304, 19 December 1975, p. 26362.
- ^ a b c d War merit for promotion.
- ^ Destined in a higher level assignment.
- ^ Disputed (At Civil War). Ceased by the government on 19 July.
- ^ a b c Numbering of the classes was inverse to the usual order until 1939.
- ^ Civil and military order
- ^ Order awarded by the Khalifa of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco.
- ^ Officially since 17 September 1936.
- ^ Class for Wounded or Injured at War by the Enemy
- ^ Campaign Commemorative Medal, Morocco clasp. Created on 17 November 1931 and repealed on 27 November 1937
- ^ Embroidered with canutille and silk gold threads, shaped like the Individual Military Medal, on the left sleeve of the uniform. In its central part, on a red background, the emblem of the Third was represented instead of the national personification of Spain.
- ^ It consists of the Yoke and arrows upon three four rays stars.
- ^ Controversial original meaning of the name 'EFE'.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Provision 18/07/1938, restoring the dignity of Captain General in the Army and Navy, and exalting H.E. the Head of the State on it. Spanish Official Journal.
- ^ a b "Historial del General Francisco Franco" [Service summary of General Francisco franco] (PDF). www.boe.es (in Spanish). BOE - Spanish Official Journal. 29 March 1934. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ a b Biography of Francisco Franco. Fundación Nacional Francisco Franco. (In Spanish)
- ^ Prieto Barrio (2001) Diccionario de cintas de recompensas españolas (desde 1700) [Dictionary of Spanish service ribbon bars (since 1700)]. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa. ISBN 84-7823-836-0.
- ^ Provision given in Madrid, on Victory Day, 19 May 1939, granting the Captain General of the Army and Navy, Generalissimo of the Armies the Grand Laureate Cross of San Fernando. BOE- Spanish Official Journal(In Spanish)
- ^ Portrait of Franco with the band of the Grand Cross of War and his Military Medal with two clasps.
- ^ Decree granting the Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit, with a white badge, to Divisional General Francisco Franco Bahamonde. Madrid Gazette: no. 345, of 12/11/1934, page 2,052. BOE - Spanish Official Journal
- ^ Photograph of Francisco Franco with the sash of the Grand Cross of the Aeronautical Merit.
- ^ Disposición de 25 de marzo de 1941 [ Provision of March 25, 1941]. BOE - Spanish Official Journal
- ^ a b c d Photograph of Francisco Franco with miniature medals.
- ^ Decreto 1947 de 22 de noviembre de 1927 [Decree 1947, 22 November 1927] (PDF) (in Spanish). Gaceta de Madrid, No.326 (22 November 1927) BOE - Spanish Official Journal. 22 November 1927. p. 1067. ISBN 978-84-340-2263-8. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
Tendrán derecho a la Medalla de la Paz... Generales, Jefes, Oficiales, Caídos y Tropa del Ejército y de la Armada y de las Fuerzas auxiliares indígenas que hayan tomado parte en operaciones realizadas en Marruecos en cualquiera de los períodos comprendidos desde el 9 de julio de 1909 hasta el 12 de Octubre de 1927
- ^ Medal of the 4th Centenary of the Battle of Lepanto. BOE - Spanish Official Journal (1971/02/20). Acceded 24 October 2020.
- ^ File:Generaal Franco, Bestanddeelnr 922-6568.jpg Photograph of Franco with the collective military medal distinction shield on the left sleeve.
- ^ Portrait of Franco with the Tercio Badge.
- ^ Ceballos-Escalera, de, Alfonso (2015). La Real y Americana Orden de Isabel la Católica (1815-2015) [Royal and American Order of Isabella the Catholic (1815-2015)] (PDF) (in Spanish). BOE - Spanish Official Journal. p. 163. ISBN 978-84-340-2263-8. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
Encomienda con Placa. Subsecretarios Directores Generales, Ministros Plenipotenciarios, Generales de Brigada, Contralmirantes... [Rules of the Order during the Second Republic]
- ^ File:Francisco Franco 1975 (cropped).jpg Photograph of Franco with the badge of the Head of the National Movement.
- ^ Ceremony of imposition of the Supreme Order of Christ to Franco (Madrid). Filmoteca Española (In Spanish)
- ^ State visit of the monarchs of Jordan to Spain. NO-DO. RTVE. Acceded 3 October 2020.
- ^ Campaña Militar del 41 Archived 2022-03-19 at the Wayback Machine [41 Military Campaign]. Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército (Perú). Retrieved 3 October 2020.
- ^ www.elcorreo.com (2009/11/28). In Spanish
- ^ www.abc.es (2008/11/03). In Spanish
- ^ Diario de León (2008/09/27). In Spanish
- ^ El País 2008/07/03
- ^ El Ayuntamiento de Alicante retira la medalla de la ciudad y los títulos honoríficos a Franco [The Alicante City Council withdraws the medal of the city and the honorary titles to Franco]. Diario El Economista. In Spanish
- ^ www.información.es 2009/07/03. In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2010/05/28). In Spanish
- ^ www.elidealgallego.com (2012/08/28). In Spanish
- ^ El Mundo (2010/06/29). In Spanish
- ^ www.alicantevivo.org (2008/05). In Spanish
- ^ periodicosantapola.es (28/11/2014). In Spanish
- ^ saxdigital.com (17/03/2016). In Spanish
- ^ www.villenacuentame.com
- ^ www.ideal.es (2009/02/25). In Spanish
- ^ Europa Press 29/10/2010
- ^ www.elperiodicoextremadura.com (2014/04/06. In Spanish
- ^ www.elperiodicoextremadura.com (2009/07/10). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2011/02/28). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariodemallorca.es (2020/06/11). In Spanish
- ^ Menorca al Día (2018/10/26). In Spanish
- ^ www.ultimahora.es (2020/07/16). In Spanish
- ^ www.ultimahora.es (2020/07/16) Ayuntamiento de San Lorenzo. Honorary distinction withdrawal.
- ^ Diario de Tarragona (2018/11/18). In Spanish
- ^ Diari de Tarragona (2018/11/18). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2009/12/03). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2012/02/21). In Spanish
- ^ www.que.es (18/11/2008)[permanent dead link]
- ^ El País (1979/04/25). In Spanish
- ^ Ayuntamiento de Orduña, Institutional statement (2016/07/17) Archived 2020-10-24 at the Wayback Machine. In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2016/05/26). In Spanish
- ^ www.publico.es (2015/03/31). In Spanish
- ^ www.elnortedecastilla.es (2007/12/06). In Spanish
- ^ a b c www.hoy.es (2016/08/14). In Spanish
- ^ www.hoy.es (2017/05/15). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2018/04/18). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavozdigital.es (2008/05/07). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2014/02/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariodecadiz.es (2018/11/29). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariodecadiz.es (2008/01/02). IN Spanish
- ^ www.diariodecadiz.es (2008/02/07). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavozdigital.es (2008/11/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.europasur.es (2008/05/06). In Spanish
- ^ www.sanlucardebarrameda.es, Noticias. In Spanish
- ^ www.abc.es (2012/09/28). In Spanish
- ^ www.castelloninformacion.com
- ^ www.republica.com (2018/06/05). In Spanish
- ^ Cadena Ser (2017/11/29). In Spanish
- ^ abc.es (2011/11/24). In Spanish
- ^ www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com (2017/02/22). In Spanish
- ^ Ayuntamiento de Tomelloso. Honours granted. In Spanish
- ^ www.diariocordoba.com (2009/03/20). In Spain
- ^ cordopolis.es (2015/11/27). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariocordoba.com (2019/11/26). In Spanish
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2016/07/29). In Spanish
- ^ Europa Press (2010/03/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.laopinioncoruna.es (2013/11/28). In Spanish
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2008/11/28). In Spanish
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2015/11/04) In Spanish
- ^ www.diariodeleon.es (2009/09/10). In Spanish
- ^ a b El País (2009/06/29). In Spanish
- ^ La Vanguardia (2016/06/21). In Spanish
- ^ www.20minutos.es (12/09/2006). In Spanish
- ^ La Vanguardia 2003/11/25. In Spanish
- ^ elpais.com (2009/02/26)
- ^ Diario de Sevilla (24/02/2009). In Spanish
- ^ La Vanguardia (2020/08/04). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es 2009/11/26.
- ^ www.santafe.es (2009/11/09). In Spanish
- ^ a b Nueva Alcarria (2010/10/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.elmundo.es (2002/11/22)
- ^ a b c d e www.diariovasco.com (2008/11/02). In Spanish
- ^ www.elcorreo.com (2008/11/02). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariovasco.com (2018/03/17). In Spanish
- ^ elpais.com (2008/11/28). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariovasco.com (2008/11/11). In Spanish
- ^ Huelva Hoy (2014/12/22). In Spanish
- ^ La Vanguardia (2017/05/05). In Spanish
- ^ Europa Press (2009/02/10). In Spanish
- ^ Andalucía Información (2009/04/02). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2008/11/20). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2018/03/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.huelvainformacion.es (2008/12/10). In Spanish
- ^ Zalameanoticias.wordpress.com (2019/02/09). In Spanish
- ^ www.radiohuesca.com (2019/10/24). In Spanish
- ^ www.heraldo.es (2008/11/26). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariodelaltoaragon.es (2009/03/28) Archived 2021-01-19 at the Wayback Machine. In Spanish
- ^ www.elperiodicodearagon.com (2007/12/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2018/08/31). In Spanish
- ^ www.eleconomista.es (2009/02/03). In Spanish
- ^ www.20minutos.es (2016/03/17). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2015/09/25)
- ^ La Vanguardia (25/10/2017)
- ^ a b www.infolibre.es (2017/06/30). In Spanish
- ^ Image of the cover of the file
- ^ www.ileon.com (2018/11/08). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2008/12/19). In Spanish
- ^ 20 Minutos (2008/01/28). In Spanish
- ^ La Vanguardia (2016/07/11). In Spanish
- ^ www.bermemar.com. In Spanish
- ^ www.elcorreo.com (2009/12/24). In Spanish
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2012/02/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2015/05/04)
- ^ www.lavozdegalicia.es (2020/02/04). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2009/05/11). In Spanish
- ^ El Diario (2015/11/19). In Spanish
- ^ www.miracorredor.tv (2018/06/20). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2019/02/06). In Spanish
- ^ The plenary session removes the point of gold and diamonds of Franco (2018/07/12). Ayuntamiento de Pinto. In Spanish
- ^ www.diariosur.es (2008/11/01). In Spanish
- ^ El País (23/12/2016)
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2018/01/25). In Spanish
- ^ www.laopiniondemalaga.es (2009/02/19). In Spanish
- ^ www.abc.es (2017/02/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariosur.es (2010/01/26). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2018/02/22). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2009/02/04). In Spanish
- ^ www.20minutos.es (2008/07/07). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavozdegalicia.es (2017/07/O2). In Spanish
- ^ www.laregion.es (2016/05/07). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavozdegalicia.es (2018/07/13). In Spanish
- ^ Cadena Ser (2016/09/29). In Spanish
- ^ www.elcomercio.es (2009/05/26). In Spanish
- ^ El Confidencial (2009/04/13). In Spanish
- ^ www.lne.es (2009/03/04). In Spanish
- ^ www.elperiodico.com (25/05/2017). In Spanish
- ^ www.elnortedecastilla.es (2017/01/26). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldia.es (2015/03/25). In Spanish
- ^ www.laprovincia.es (2020/09/14). In Spanish
- ^ www.laprovincia.es (2015/11/27). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2015/01/20). In Spanish
- ^ www.publico.es (2008/08/08). In Spanish
- ^ www.noticiasdenavarra.coms (2019/12/28). In Spanish
- ^ La Vanguardia (2016/07/18). In Spanish
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2015/10/16). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2016/07/12). In Spanish
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2009/11/11). In Spanish
- ^ www.noticiasgalicia.com (2018/02/14). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2015/12/30). In Spanish
- ^ www.efe.com (2015/07/31). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2016/11/02). In Spanish
- ^ www.elnortedecastilla.es (2017/10/30). In Spanish
- ^ europapress.es (30/03/2009). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldia.es (2019/10/09). In Spanish
- ^ planetacanario.com 2020/10/02). In Spanish
- ^ www.laprovincia.es (2015/11/11). In Spanish
- ^ Hermigua withdraws the honors and distinctions from the dictator. www.eltambor.es. In Spanish
- ^ lavozdelapalma.com (2018/12/11). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2009/07/18). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldia.es (09/07/2009). In Spanish
- ^ www.cantabria24horas.com (2015/10/29). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiariomontanes.es 2015/11/26. In Spanish
- ^ abc.es (2008/10/30)
- ^ Diputación de Sevilla. Distinctions and honors. In Spanish
- ^ elcorreoweb.es (2009/10/15). In Spanish
- ^ www.todoslosnombres.org (2015/07/13) Archived 2017-10-06 at the Wayback Machine. In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2011/11/14). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2011/09/30). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2014/06/13). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2015/12/29). In Spanish
- ^ Proposal for the withdrawal of honorary titles. Ayuntamiento de El Madroño Archived 2021-08-09 at the Wayback Machine. In Spanish
- ^ elcorreoweb.es (2020/10/10). In Spanish
- ^ www.diariodesevilla.es (2014/11/07). In Spanish
- ^ www.elmundo.es (2012/09/19). In Spanish
- ^ www.elplural.com (07/07/2016)
- ^ Soria Noticias (2016/07/14). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiasoria.es (2019/12/16). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2016/06/04). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2016/06/01). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2009/07/09). In Spanish
- ^ www.elpuntavui.cat (2009/07/28). In Spanish
- ^ reusdigital.cat (2016/05/30). In Spanish
- ^ www.europapress.es (2009/05/08). In Spanish
- ^ www.lacomarca.net (2020/06/2017). In Spanish
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2017/06/23). In Spanish
- ^ The Popular Party stays alone wanting to keep the Gold Medal of Franco de Toledo, www.diariocritico.com
- ^ toledodiario.es (2017/03/17). In Spanish
- ^ www.levante-emv.com (2016/07/17). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2015/04/20). In Spanish
- ^ www.levante-emv.com (2012/08/01). In Spanish
- ^ algemesi.info (2012/09/24) Archived 2020-10-13 at the Wayback Machine. In Spanish
- ^ www.infoturia.com (08/10/2019). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2016/12/24). In Spanish
- ^ www.lasprovincias.es (2009/04/02). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiario.es (2015/06/25). In Spanish
- ^ www.levante-emv.com (2018/04/27)
- ^ www.lavanguardia.com (2016/04/15). In Spanish
- ^ www.aytosagunto.es (2015/10/01)[permanent dead link]. In Spanish
- ^ www.elmundo.es (2003/12/04). In Spanish
- ^ www.abc.es (2017/04/21). In Spanish
- ^ www.eldiadevalladolid.com (2020/10/11). In Spanish
- ^ www.laopiniondezamora.es (2017/05/11). In Spanish
- ^ Local Act (2018/01/25). In Spanish
- ^ www.laopiniondezamora.es (2011/03/27). In Spanish
- ^ www.elperiodicodearagon.com (2019/11/23). In Spanish
- ^ El Faro de Ceuta (2017/09/10). In Spanish
- ^ Barça removes the medals from Francisco Franco. www.elplural.com. In Spanish
- ^ a b El Correo Gallego (11/11/2006)
- ^ La Voz de Galicia (2018/07/27). In Spanish
- ^ Order by which the Third Degree Professional Training Center of Pediatrics and Childcare is created «BOE» - Official Journal no. 147, 21 June 1971, pp. 10087-10090
- ^ Reslution C.S.I.C. (1972/10/27). In Spanish
Bibliography
[edit]- "Biografía del general de división, el de brigada D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde y el general de brigada, el coronel de infantería D. Rogelio Caridad Pita" [Biography of the Major General, Brigadier D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde and Brigadier General, Infantry Colonel D. Rogelio Caridad Pita] (PDF). BOE - Spanish Official Journal, No. 88 (in Spanish). Gaceta de Madrid. War Ministry. 29 March 1934.
- "Biografía cronológica de Francisco Franco" [Chronological biography of Francisco Franco] (in Spanish). Francisco Franco National Foundation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- José Luis, Hernández Garvi (2013). Breve historia de... Francisco Franco [Brief history of ... Francisco Franco] (in Spanish). Nowtilus. ISBN 9788499675411.[permanent dead link]
- "Las sorprendentes y curiosas expresiones y sobrenombres de Franco" [The surprising and curious expressions and nicknames of Franco]. www.curistoria.com (in Spanish). Curistoria. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- Matilde Eiroa San Francisco, Matilde Acción exterior y propaganda. Las visitas de líderes latinoamericanos a Franco [Foreign action and propaganda. The visits of Latin American leaders to Franco]. Mexico. Revista de estudios Latinoamericanos [On-line]. No.54 (Jan./Jun. 2012). ISSN 2448-6914 (in Spanish).
- Moradiellos, Enrique (2016). "Franco, el caudillo: origen y perfil de una magistratura política carismática" [Franco, the caudillo: origin and profile of a charismatic political magistracy]. Historia y Política: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales (in Spanish) (35). Universidad de Extremadura: 261–287. doi:10.18042/hp.35.11. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- Prieto Barrio (2011). Cruces del Mérito Militar, Naval, War Cross (Spain), Collective Military Medal and African campaigns. Condecoraciones Militares. Retrieved 2 October 2020 (in Spanish).
- Francisco Franco
- Military careers by individual
- Lists of titles by person of Spain
- Spanish generals
- Spanish captain generals
- Captain generals of the Navy
- Air captain generals
- Commanders in chief
- Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
- Recipients of the Military Medal (Spain)
- Grand Masters of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
- Commanders by Number of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
- Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise
- Grand Masters of the Royal and Military Order of San Hermenegild
- Grand Crosses of the Royal and Military Order of San Hermenegild
- Grand Crosses of Military Merit
- Crosses of Military Merit
- Crosses of Naval Merit
- Crosses of Aeronautical Merit
- Bailiffs Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- Collars of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
- Recipients of the Philippine Legion of Honor
- Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Italy)
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
- Commanders of the Legion of Honour
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Christopher Columbus
- Knights Grand Commander (Senangapati) of the Order of Rama
- Recipients of the Order of Saint Lazarus