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Coordinates: 35°21′55.8″N 136°28′01″E / 35.365500°N 136.46694°E / 35.365500; 136.46694
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{{Infobox City Japan
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
|Name= Sekigahara
| name = Sekigahara
|JapaneseName= 関ヶ原町
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|関ケ原町}}}}
|settlement_type= Town
| native_name_lang = ja
|MapImage= Sekigahara in Gifu Prefecture.png
| settlement_type = [[Towns of Japan|Town]]
|Region= [[Chūbu region|Chūbu]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
|Prefecture= [[Gifu Prefecture|Gifu]]
| image_skyline = Sekigahara Town Public Office02.jpg
|District= [[Fuwa District, Gifu|Fuwa District]]
| imagesize =
|Area_km2= 49.29
| image_alt =
|PopDate= 2003
| image_caption = Sekigahara Town Hall
|Population= 8,802
| image_flag = Flag of Sekigahara Gifu.svg
|Density_km2= auto
| flag_alt =
|Coords={{Coord|35|22|N|136|28|E|region:JP_type:city}}
| image_seal = Emblem of Sekigahara, Gifu.svg
|Tree= [[Japanese Cedar]]<ref name=hanaki>{{cite web|title=町のプロフィール>町章と町民憲章|url=http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp/view.rbz?nd=20&of=1&ik=1&pnp=20&cd=125|work=Sekigahara official website|accessdate=August 14, 2011||language=Japanese}}</ref>
| seal_alt =
|Flower= [[Ume]]<ref name=hanaki />
| image_shield =
|Bird=
| shield_alt =
|SymbolImage=
| image_blank_emblem =
|SymbolDescription=
| nickname =
|Mayor= Kentarō Azai
| motto =
|CityHallPostalCode= 503-1592
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
|CityHallAddress= Ōaza Sekigahara 894-58, Sekigahara-chō, Fuwa-gun, Gifu-ken
| image_map = Sekigahara in Gifu Prefecture Ja.svg
|CityHallPhone= 0584-43-1111
| map_alt =
|CityHallLink=[http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp Town of Sekigahara]
| map_caption = Location of Sekigahara in Gifu Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =  
| coordinates = {{coord|35|21|55.8|N|136|28|01|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūbu region|Chūbu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gifu Prefecture|Gifu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Fuwa District, Gifu|Fuwa]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Kentarō Azai
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- display settings -->
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2 = 49.28
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m =
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total = 7109
| population_as_of = December 1, 2018
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note =
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +9
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code =
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = City symbols
| blank_info_sec1 =  
| blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| blank3_name_sec1 = - Bird
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 =
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
| blank7_info_sec1 =
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number
| blank_info_sec2 = 0585-22-2111
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 = Sekigahara 894-58, Sekigahara-chō, Fuwa-gun, Gifu-ken 503-1592
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{official|1=http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp}}
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Japanese Cedar]]<ref name=hanaki>{{cite web|script-title=ja:町のプロフィール>町章と町民憲章|url=http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp/view.rbz?nd=20&of=1&ik=1&pnp=20&cd=125|work=Sekigahara official website|accessdate=August 14, 2011|language=Japanese}}</ref>
| flower = [[Ume]]<ref name=hanaki />
| bird = [[Rock ptarmigan]]
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
| fish =
| other_symbols =
}}
}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Sekigahara'''|関ケ原町|Sekigahara-chō}} is a [[towns of Japan|town]] located in [[Fuwa District, Gifu|Fuwa District]], [[Gifu Prefecture]], [[Japan]].
[[File:Sekigahara Battlefield.jpg|right|thumb|Site of the Battle of Sekigahara]]
{{nihongo|'''Sekigahara'''|関ケ原町|Sekigahara-chō}} is a [[List of towns in Japan|town]] located in [[Fuwa District, Gifu|Fuwa District]], [[Gifu Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2018|12|01}}, the town had an estimated [[population]] of 7,109 and a [[population density]] of 140 persons per km<sup>2</sup>, in 2,725 households.<ref>[http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp Sekigahara Town official statistics] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> The total area of the town was {{convert|49.28|sqkm|sqmi}}.


The town is most famous for the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] which ended the [[Sengoku Period]] and created the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]]. Due to this, Sekigahara is also a [[sister city]] of [[Waterloo, Belgium]] and [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]], sites of other [[Battle of Waterloo|famous]] and [[Battle of Gettysburg|significant]] battles on their continents.
As of 2003, the town has an estimated [[population]] of 8,802 and a [[population density|density]] of 178.58 persons per km². The total area is 49.29 km².


==Geography==
In 1600, the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] took place here.
Sekigahara is located in a mountainous valley in far southwestern Gifu Prefecture, which forms a natural bottleneck connecting the [[Kansai region]] with the [[Tōkai region]] of Japan. The routes of the ancient [[Nakasendō]] highway and the modern [[Meishin Expressway]], as well as the [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]] and [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] all pass through this area.

===Climate===
The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild winters ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Sekigahara is {{cvt|14.5|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|2181.9|mm}} with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{cvt|26.7|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|3.1|C}}.<ref name=normals/> The mountainous areas of the town are noted for heavy snow in winter.

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Sekigahara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
|Jan record high C = 15.6
|Feb record high C = 19.1
|Mar record high C = 23.7
|Apr record high C = 29.5
|May record high C = 32.6
|Jun record high C = 36.1
|Jul record high C = 37.6
|Aug record high C = 37.9
|Sep record high C = 35.7
|Oct record high C = 30.7
|Nov record high C = 25.0
|Dec record high C = 19.7
|Jan record low C = -6.6
|Feb record low C = -8.7
|Mar record low C = -5.5
|Apr record low C = -1.2
|May record low C = 4.3
|Jun record low C = 10.6
|Jul record low C = 15.2
|Aug record low C = 14.6
|Sep record low C = 9.7
|Oct record low C = 3.8
|Nov record low C = -1.7
|Dec record low C = -5.8
|Jan high C = 6.9
|Feb high C = 8.0
|Mar high C = 12.1
|Apr high C = 18.0
|May high C = 23.0
|Jun high C = 26.2
|Jul high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 31.8
|Sep high C = 27.6
|Oct high C = 21.9
|Nov high C = 15.8
|Dec high C = 9.7
|Jan mean C = 3.1
|Feb mean C = 3.6
|Mar mean C = 7.1
|Apr mean C = 12.6
|May mean C = 17.6
|Jun mean C = 21.5
|Jul mean C = 25.4
|Aug mean C = 26.7
|Sep mean C = 22.8
|Oct mean C = 17.0
|Nov mean C = 11.0
|Dec mean C = 5.6
|Jan low C = -0.1
|Feb low C = 0.0
|Mar low C = 2.6
|Apr low C = 7.6
|May low C = 12.9
|Jun low C = 17.7
|Jul low C = 22.1
|Aug low C = 23.1
|Sep low C = 19.2
|Oct low C = 13.0
|Nov low C = 6.8
|Dec low C = 2.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 140.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 111.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 143.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 160.7
|May precipitation mm = 204.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 242.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 297.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 194.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 283.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 169.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 95.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 138.5
|year precipitation mm = 2181.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 15.6
|Feb precipitation days = 13.0
|Mar precipitation days = 13.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 10.8
|Jun precipitation days = 12.3
|Jul precipitation days = 13.5
|Aug precipitation days = 10.9
|Sep precipitation days = 11.3
|Oct precipitation days = 9.7
|Nov precipitation days = 10.0
|Dec precipitation days = 15.7
|Jan snow cm = 59
|Feb snow cm = 42
|Mar snow cm = 8
|Apr snow cm = 0
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 0
|Dec snow cm = 29
|year snow cm = 131
|unit snow days = 3 cm
|Jan snow days = 5.0
|Feb snow days = 3.8
|Mar snow days = 0.9
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0
|Dec snow days = 2.1
|Jan sun = 125.3
|Feb sun = 137.0
|Mar sun = 177.6
|Apr sun = 188.5
|May sun = 188.4
|Jun sun = 145.3
|Jul sun = 151.6
|Aug sun = 182.1
|Sep sun = 143.4
|Oct sun = 155.7
|Nov sun = 146.1
|Dec sun = 134.2
|year sun = 1875.3
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=52&block_no=0495&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値)
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 20, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=52&block_no=0495&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値)
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 20, 2022}}</ref>}}

===Neighbouring municipalities===
*Gifu Prefecture
**[[Ōgaki, Gifu|Ōgaki]]
**[[Tarui, Gifu|Tarui]]
**[[Ibigawa, Gifu|Ibigawa]]
*[[Shiga Prefecture]]
**[[Maibara, Shiga|Maibara]]

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-gifu.php Sekigahara population statistics]</ref> the population of Sekigahara has declined over the past 50 years.
{{Historical populations
| 1970 | 10,788
| 1980 | 10,483
| 1990 | 9,544
| 2000 | 9,110
| 2010 | 8,096
| 2020 | 6,610
|align = none
| footnote =
}}


==History==
==History==
The area around Sekigahara was part of traditional [[Mino Province]]. In 1600, the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] took place here. During the [[Edo period]] it was ''[[tenryō]]'' territory directly under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], administered by a ''[[hatamoto]]''. During the post-[[Meiji restoration]] cadastral reforms, the area was organised into [[Fuwa District, Gifu]] Prefecture. The village of Sekigahara was formed on July 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system, and was raised to town status on April 1, 1928. In 1954, Sekigahara annexed the village of Imasu, as well as part of the neighboring town of [[Tarui, Gifu|Tarui]]. A proposed merger with the neighboring city of [[Ōgaki, Gifu|Ōgaki]] was rejected in 2004.
*April 1, 1928 - The village of Sekigahara is officially established as a town.
*1954 - Merged with the village of Imasu, as well as part of the neighboring town of [[Tarui, Gifu|Tarui]].
*2004 - Rejected a proposed merger with the neighboring city of [[Ōgaki, Gifu|Ōgaki]].


==Education==
== Transportation ==
Sekigahara has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one private combined elementary/middle school. The town does not have a high school.
=== Railroad ===

*[[Central Japan Railway|JR Tōkai]]
==Transportation==
**[[Tōkaidō Main Line]] - [[Sekigahara Station]]
===Railway===
*[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]] [[JR Central]] - [[Tōkaidō Main Line]]
** {{STN|Sekigahara}}

===Highway===
* [[File:JP Expressway E1.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] [[Meishin Expressway]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|21}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|365}}

==Sister city relations==
*{{flagicon|US}} - [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]], USA, from 2016 <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gettysburgtimes.com/mobile/local_updates/article_3cb1403e-2e3a-5aa1-abc1-33d3ee434132.html |title=Sister Cities Share Bond |newspaper=Gettysburg Times |date=5 September 2016 |accessdate=2016-05-08}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} - [[Waterloo, Belgium]], from 2017

==Local attractions==
*site of the [[Battle of Sekigahara]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 43: Line 323:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Sekigahara}}
* [http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp/ Sekigahara Town] {{ja icon}}
* [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Sekigahara Wikitravel: Sekigahara]
* [http://www.town.sekigahara.gifu.jp/ Sekigahara Town] {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/English/ Gifu Prefectural homepage]
* [http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/English/ Gifu Prefectural homepage]


{{Authority control}}
{{Gifu}}


[[Category:Sekigahara, Gifu| ]]
{{coord|35|22|N|136|28|E|region:JP_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Towns in Gifu Prefecture]]
[[Category:Towns in Gifu Prefecture]]




{{Gifu-geo-stub}}
{{Gifu-geo-stub}}

[[ca:Sekigahara]]
[[de:Sekigahara (Gifu)]]
[[es:Sekigahara (Gifu)]]
[[ko:세키가하라 정]]
[[ja:関ケ原町]]
[[ru:Секигахара]]
[[fi:Sekigahara]]
[[tl:Sekigahara, Gifu]]
[[uk:Секіґахара]]
[[zh:關原町]]

Latest revision as of 01:17, 5 September 2023

Sekigahara
関ケ原町
Sekigahara Town Hall
Sekigahara Town Hall
Flag of Sekigahara
Official seal of Sekigahara
Location of Sekigahara in Gifu Prefecture
Location of Sekigahara in Gifu Prefecture
Sekigahara is located in Japan
Sekigahara
Sekigahara
 
Coordinates: 35°21′55.8″N 136°28′01″E / 35.365500°N 136.46694°E / 35.365500; 136.46694
LandJapan
RegionChūbu
PrefectureGifu
DistrictFuwa
Regierung
 • MayorKentarō Azai
Area
 • Total49.28 km2 (19.03 sq mi)
Population
 (December 1, 2018)
 • Total7,109
 • Density140/km2 (370/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
City symbols 
Phone number0585-22-2111
AddressSekigahara 894-58, Sekigahara-chō, Fuwa-gun, Gifu-ken 503-1592
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
BirdRock ptarmigan
FlowerUme[1]
TreeJapanese Cedar[1]
Site of the Battle of Sekigahara

Sekigahara (関ケ原町, Sekigahara-chō) is a town located in Fuwa District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2018, the town had an estimated population of 7,109 and a population density of 140 persons per km2, in 2,725 households.[2] The total area of the town was 49.28 square kilometres (19.03 sq mi).

The town is most famous for the Battle of Sekigahara which ended the Sengoku Period and created the Tokugawa Shogunate. Due to this, Sekigahara is also a sister city of Waterloo, Belgium and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, sites of other famous and significant battles on their continents.

Geography

[edit]

Sekigahara is located in a mountainous valley in far southwestern Gifu Prefecture, which forms a natural bottleneck connecting the Kansai region with the Tōkai region of Japan. The routes of the ancient Nakasendō highway and the modern Meishin Expressway, as well as the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and Tōkaidō Main Line all pass through this area.

Climate

[edit]

The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Sekigahara is 14.5 °C (58.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,181.9 mm (85.90 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.7 °C (80.1 °F), and lowest in January, at around 3.1 °C (37.6 °F).[3] The mountainous areas of the town are noted for heavy snow in winter.

Climate data for Sekigahara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.6
(60.1)
19.1
(66.4)
23.7
(74.7)
29.5
(85.1)
32.6
(90.7)
36.1
(97.0)
37.6
(99.7)
37.9
(100.2)
35.7
(96.3)
30.7
(87.3)
25.0
(77.0)
19.7
(67.5)
37.9
(100.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4)
8.0
(46.4)
12.1
(53.8)
18.0
(64.4)
23.0
(73.4)
26.2
(79.2)
30.0
(86.0)
31.8
(89.2)
27.6
(81.7)
21.9
(71.4)
15.8
(60.4)
9.7
(49.5)
19.3
(66.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)
3.6
(38.5)
7.1
(44.8)
12.6
(54.7)
17.6
(63.7)
21.5
(70.7)
25.4
(77.7)
26.7
(80.1)
22.8
(73.0)
17.0
(62.6)
11.0
(51.8)
5.6
(42.1)
14.5
(58.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)
0.0
(32.0)
2.6
(36.7)
7.6
(45.7)
12.9
(55.2)
17.7
(63.9)
22.1
(71.8)
23.1
(73.6)
19.2
(66.6)
13.0
(55.4)
6.8
(44.2)
2.1
(35.8)
10.6
(51.1)
Record low °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1)
−8.7
(16.3)
−5.5
(22.1)
−1.2
(29.8)
4.3
(39.7)
10.6
(51.1)
15.2
(59.4)
14.6
(58.3)
9.7
(49.5)
3.8
(38.8)
−1.7
(28.9)
−5.8
(21.6)
−8.7
(16.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 140.8
(5.54)
111.9
(4.41)
143.0
(5.63)
160.7
(6.33)
204.0
(8.03)
242.4
(9.54)
297.5
(11.71)
194.9
(7.67)
283.1
(11.15)
169.2
(6.66)
95.9
(3.78)
138.5
(5.45)
2,181.9
(85.90)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 59
(23)
42
(17)
8
(3.1)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
29
(11)
131
(52)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 15.6 13.0 13.1 11.1 10.8 12.3 13.5 10.9 11.3 9.7 10.0 15.7 147
Average snowy days (≥ 3 cm) 5.0 3.8 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1 11.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 125.3 137.0 177.6 188.5 188.4 145.3 151.6 182.1 143.4 155.7 146.1 134.2 1,875.3
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][3]

Neighbouring municipalities

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]

Per Japanese census data,[5] the population of Sekigahara has declined over the past 50 years.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1970 10,788—    
1980 10,483−2.8%
1990 9,544−9.0%
2000 9,110−4.5%
2010 8,096−11.1%
2020 6,610−18.4%

History

[edit]

The area around Sekigahara was part of traditional Mino Province. In 1600, the Battle of Sekigahara took place here. During the Edo period it was tenryō territory directly under the Tokugawa shogunate, administered by a hatamoto. During the post-Meiji restoration cadastral reforms, the area was organised into Fuwa District, Gifu Prefecture. The village of Sekigahara was formed on July 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system, and was raised to town status on April 1, 1928. In 1954, Sekigahara annexed the village of Imasu, as well as part of the neighboring town of Tarui. A proposed merger with the neighboring city of Ōgaki was rejected in 2004.

Bildung

[edit]

Sekigahara has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one private combined elementary/middle school. The town does not have a high school.

Transport

[edit]

Railway

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Highway

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Sister city relations

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Local attractions

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b 町のプロフィール>町章と町民憲章. Sekigahara official website (in Japanese). Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  2. ^ Sekigahara Town official statistics (in Japanese)
  3. ^ a b 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  4. ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  5. ^ Sekigahara population statistics
  6. ^ "Sister Cities Share Bond". Gettysburg Times. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
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