Uteodon: Difference between revisions

Uteodon; Temporal range: Late Jurassic, ; ~153–148 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Skeleton at the Carnegie Museum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	†Ornithischia
Clade:	†Neornithischia
Clade:	†Ornithopoda
Clade:	†Ankylopollexia
Clade:	†Styracosterna
Genus:	†Uteodon; McDonald, 2011
Species:	†U. aphanoecetes
Binomial name
	†Uteodon aphanoecetes; (Carpenter & Wilson, 2008)
Synonyms
	Camptosaurus aphanoecetes Carpenter & Wilson, 2008;

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Uteodon (meaning "Ute tooth") is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It is a basal iguanodontian which lived during the late Jurassic period (Tithonian age) in what is now Uintah County, Utah. It is known from the middle of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation. The genus was named by Andrew T. McDonald in 2011 and the type species is U. aphanoecetes.^[1]

History

The holotype specimen, CM 11337 (a virtually complete skeleton minus the skull and tail), was assigned to Camptosaurus medius (Marsh, 1894^[2]) by Charles W. Gilmore in 1925.^[3] When C. medius was synonymised with Camptosaurus dispar in 1980,^[4] the holotype was seen to probably represent a new, then unnamed, species of Camptosaurus.^[5] The species Camptosaurus aphanoecetes was first described in 2008 by Carpenter and Wilson.^[6] In 2011, it was assigned to the new genus Uteodon.^[1] In 2015, the Uteodon braincase was referred to Dryosaurus, and Uteodon and Cumnoria were synonymized with Camptosaurus, as C. aphanoectes and C. prestwichii, respectively.^[7]

Description

Based on the holotype and the related genus Camptosaurus, when fully grown, Uteodon would have grown up to around 6 metres (20 ft) long and would probably have weighed no more than around 400 kilograms (880 lb),^[4]^[1] although according to Hartman (2013), Uteodon could have been as small as around 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) long.^[8]

Paleoecology

Provenance and occurrence

The single known specimen of Uteodon, CM 11337, was found in the Dry Mesa Quarry/Douglass Quarry of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, Utah.^[3] The rocks it was found in were medium-grained, coarse sandstone that was deposited during the Tithonian and Kimmeridgian stages of the Late Jurassic period, approximately 153 to 148 million years ago.^[9]

Fauna and habitat

Studies suggest that the paleoenvironment of this section of the Morrison Formation included rivers that flowed from the west into a basin that contained a giant, saline alkaline lake and there were extensive wetlands in the vicinity. The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry of western Colorado yields one of the most diverse Upper Jurassic vertebrate assemblages in the world.^[10] The Dry Mesa Quarry has produced the remains of the sauropods Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Supersaurus, and Camarasaurus, the iguanodonts Camptosaurus and Dryosaurus, and the theropods Allosaurus, Torvosaurus. Tanycolagreus, Koparion, Stokesosaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Ornitholestes, as well as Nanosaurus, Gargoyleosaurus, and Stegosaurus.^[11]

The flora of the period has been revealed by fossils of green algae, fungi, mosses, horsetails, ferns, cycads, ginkgoes, and several families of conifers. Animal fossils discovered include bivalves, snails, ray-finned fishes, frogs, salamanders, amphibians, turtles, sphenodonts, lizards, terrestrial (like Hoplosuchus) and aquatic crocodylomorphs, cotylosaurs, several species of pterosaurs like Harpactognathus, and early mammals, multituberculates, symmetrodonts, and triconodonts.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Andrew T. McDonald (2011). "The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2783: 52–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2783.1.4.
^ Marsh, O, C. (1894). The typical Ornithopoda of the American Jurassic. American Journal of Science, 48, 85–90.
^ ^a ^b Gilmore, C.W. (1925). "Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah". Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 10: 385–410.
^ ^a ^b G.S. Paul (2010) "The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs". (Page 284).
^ Dodson, P. (1980). Comparative osteology of the American ornithopods Camptosaurus and Tenontosaurus. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France 139:81–85.
^ Carpenter, K.; Wilson, Y. (2008). "A New Species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a Biomechanical Analysis of Its Forelimb". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 76 (4): 227. doi:10.2992/0097-4463(2008)76[227:ANSOCO]2.0.CO;2.
^ Carpenter, Kenneth; Lamanna, Matthew C. (2015). "The Braincase Assigned to the Ornithopod Dinosaur Uteodon McDonald, 2011, Reassigned to Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894: Implications for Iguanodontian Morphology and Taxonomy". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 83 (2): 149–165. doi:10.2992/007.083.0201. ISSN 0097-4463.
^ ^a ^b "Uteodon skeletal reconstruction (2013)". Dr. Scott Hartman's Skeletal Drawing. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
^ Jensen, J. A. and Ostrom, J. H. (1977). A second Jurassic pterosaur from North America. Journal of Paleontology 51(4):867–870
^ Richmond, D.R. and Morris, T.H., (1999), Stratigraphy and cataclysmic deposition of the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Mesa County, Colorado, in Carpenter, K., Kirkland, J., and Chure, D., eds., The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study, Modern Geology v. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 121–143.
^ ^a ^b Chure, Daniel J.; Litwin, Ron; Hasiotis, Stephen T.; Evanoff, Emmett; Carpenter, Kenneth (2006). "The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006". In Foster, John R.; Lucas, Spencer G. (eds.). Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 233–248.

[McDonald-1] Andrew T. McDonald (2011). "The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2783: 52–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2783.1.4.

[2] Marsh, O, C. (1894). The typical Ornithopoda of the American Jurassic. American Journal of Science, 48, 85–90.

[Gilmore1925-3] Gilmore, C.W. (1925). "Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah". Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 10: 385–410.

[Paul2010-4] G.S. Paul (2010) "The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs". (Page 284).

[5] Dodson, P. (1980). Comparative osteology of the American ornithopods Camptosaurus and Tenontosaurus. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France 139:81–85.

[6] Carpenter, K.; Wilson, Y. (2008). "A New Species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a Biomechanical Analysis of Its Forelimb". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 76 (4): 227. doi:10.2992/0097-4463(2008)76[227:ANSOCO]2.0.CO;2.

[7] Carpenter, Kenneth; Lamanna, Matthew C. (2015). "The Braincase Assigned to the Ornithopod Dinosaur Uteodon McDonald, 2011, Reassigned to Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894: Implications for Iguanodontian Morphology and Taxonomy". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 83 (2): 149–165. doi:10.2992/007.083.0201. ISSN 0097-4463.

[Hartman2013-8] "Uteodon skeletal reconstruction (2013)". Dr. Scott Hartman's Skeletal Drawing. Retrieved 15 May 2021.

[9] Jensen, J. A. and Ostrom, J. H. (1977). A second Jurassic pterosaur from North America. Journal of Paleontology 51(4):867–870

[10] Richmond, D.R. and Morris, T.H., (1999), Stratigraphy and cataclysmic deposition of the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Mesa County, Colorado, in Carpenter, K., Kirkland, J., and Chure, D., eds., The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study, Modern Geology v. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 121–143.

[DJCetal06-11] Chure, Daniel J.; Litwin, Ron; Hasiotis, Stephen T.; Evanoff, Emmett; Carpenter, Kenneth (2006). "The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006". In Foster, John R.; Lucas, Spencer G. (eds.). Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 233–248.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Genus of reptiles (fossil)}}
 {{Speciesbox
+| display_parents = 3
 | fossil_range = [[Late Jurassic]], <br>~{{fossilrange|153|148}}
 | image = Camptosaurus aphanoecetes - IMG 0673.jpg
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 | parent_authority = McDonald, [[2011 in paleontology|2011]]
 | species = aphanoecetes
-| authority = (Carpenter & Wilson, 2008)
+| authority = (Carpenter & Wilson, [[2008 in paleontology|2008]])
 | synonyms =
 *''[[Camptosaurus]] aphanoecetes'' <small>Carpenter & Wilson, 2008</small>
 }}
 '''''Uteodon''''' (meaning "[[Ute people|Ute]] tooth") is a [[genus]] of [[herbivorous]] [[iguanodont]]ian [[dinosaur]]. It is a [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[iguanodont]]ian which lived during the late [[Jurassic]] [[period (geology)|period]] ([[Tithonian]] age) in what is now [[Uintah County]], [[Utah]]. It is known from the middle of the [[Brushy Basin Member]], [[Morrison Formation]]. The genus was named by Andrew T. McDonald in [[2011 in paleontology|2011]] and the [[type species]] is '''''U. aphanoecetes'''''.<ref name="McDonald">{{Cite journal|author=Andrew T. McDonald |year=2011 |title=The taxonomy of species assigned to ''Camptosaurus'' (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02783p068f.pdf
-|journal=Zootaxa |volume=2783 |pages=52–68 }}</ref>
+|journal=Zootaxa |volume=2783 |pages=52–68 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2783.1.4 }}</ref>
 ==History==
-The holotype specimen, CM 11337 (a virtually complete skeleton minus the skull and tail), was assigned to ''[[Camptosaurus|Camptosaurus medius]]'' ([[Othniel Charles Marsh|Marsh]], 1894<ref>[[Othniel Charles Marsh|Marsh, O, C.]] (1894). The typical [[Ornithopoda]] of the American Jurassic. ''American Journal of Science'', 48, 85–90.</ref>) by [[Charles W. Gilmore]] in 1925.<ref name="Gilmore1925">{{cite journal |last1=Gilmore |first1=C.W. |title=Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah |journal=Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum |date=1925 |volume=10 |pages=385-410}}</ref> When ''C. medius'' was synonymised with ''Camptosaurus dispar'' in 1980,<ref name=Paul2010>[[Gregory S. Paul|G.S. Paul]] (2010) "''[[The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs]]''". (Page 284).</ref> the holotype was seen to probably represent a new, then unnamed, species of ''Camptosaurus''.<ref>[[Peter Dodson|Dodson, P.]] (1980). Comparative osteology of the American ornithopods ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' and ''[[Tenontosaurus]]''. ''Mémoires de la Société géologique de France'' 139:81–85.</ref> The species ''[[Camptosaurus]] aphanoecetes'' was first described in 2008 by Carpenter and Wilson.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Carpenter | first1 = K. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = Y. | title = A New Species of ''Camptosaurus'' (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a Biomechanical Analysis of Its Forelimb | journal = Annals of Carnegie Museum | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 227 | year = 2008 | doi = 10.2992/0097-4463(2008)76[227:ANSOCO]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref> In 2011, it was assigned to the new genus ''Uteodon''.<ref name="McDonald" /> In 2015, the ''Uteodon'' braincase was referred to ''Dryosaurus,'' and ''Uteodon'' and ''Cumnoria'' were synonymized with ''Camptosaurus'', as ''C. aphanoectes'' and ''C. prestwichii,'' respectively,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carpenter|first=Kenneth|last2=Lamanna|first2=Matthew C.|date=2015|title=The Braincase Assigned to the Ornithopod Dinosaur Uteodon McDonald, 2011, Reassigned to Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894: Implications for Iguanodontian Morphology and Taxonomy|url=https://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-carnegie-museum/volume-83/issue-2/007.083.0201/The-Braincase-Assigned-to-the-Ornithopod-Dinosaur-Uteodon-McDonald-2011/10.2992/007.083.0201.full|journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum|volume=83|issue=2|pages=149–165|doi=10.2992/007.083.0201|issn=0097-4463}}</ref> although this change has not been scientifically accepted and both are now seen as genera separate from ''Camptosaurus''.
+The holotype specimen, CM 11337 (a virtually complete skeleton minus the skull and tail), was assigned to ''[[Camptosaurus|Camptosaurus medius]]'' ([[Othniel Charles Marsh|Marsh]], 1894<ref>[[Othniel Charles Marsh|Marsh, O, C.]] (1894). The typical [[Ornithopoda]] of the American Jurassic. ''American Journal of Science'', 48, 85–90.</ref>) by [[Charles W. Gilmore]] in 1925.<ref name="Gilmore1925">{{cite journal |last1=Gilmore |first1=C.W. |title=Osteology of ornithopodous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah |journal=Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum |date=1925 |volume=10 |pages=385–410}}</ref> When ''C. medius'' was synonymised with ''Camptosaurus dispar'' in 1980,<ref name=Paul2010>[[Gregory S. Paul|G.S. Paul]] (2010) "''[[The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs]]''". (Page 284).</ref> the holotype was seen to probably represent a new, then unnamed, species of ''Camptosaurus''.<ref>[[Peter Dodson|Dodson, P.]] (1980). Comparative osteology of the American ornithopods ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' and ''[[Tenontosaurus]]''. ''Mémoires de la Société géologique de France'' 139:81–85.</ref> The species ''[[Camptosaurus]] aphanoecetes'' was first described in 2008 by Carpenter and Wilson.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Carpenter | first1 = K. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = Y. | title = A New Species of ''Camptosaurus'' (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a Biomechanical Analysis of Its Forelimb | journal = Annals of Carnegie Museum | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 227 | year = 2008 | doi = 10.2992/0097-4463(2008)76[227:ANSOCO]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref> In 2011, it was assigned to the new genus ''Uteodon''.<ref name="McDonald" /> In 2015, the ''Uteodon'' braincase was referred to ''[[Dryosaurus]],'' and ''Uteodon'' and ''[[Cumnoria]]'' were synonymized with ''Camptosaurus'', as ''C. aphanoectes'' and ''C. prestwichii,'' respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carpenter|first1=Kenneth|last2=Lamanna|first2=Matthew C.|date=2015|title=The Braincase Assigned to the Ornithopod Dinosaur Uteodon McDonald, 2011, Reassigned to Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894: Implications for Iguanodontian Morphology and Taxonomy|url=https://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-carnegie-museum/volume-83/issue-2/007.083.0201/The-Braincase-Assigned-to-the-Ornithopod-Dinosaur-Uteodon-McDonald-2011/10.2992/007.083.0201.full|journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum|volume=83|issue=2|pages=149–165|doi=10.2992/007.083.0201|issn=0097-4463}}</ref>
-==Description==
+== Description ==
 [[File:Uteodon Scale.svg|thumb|250px|Size comparison based on Hartman (2013)<ref name=Hartman2013 />]]
-Based on the holotype and the related genus ''[[Camptosaurus]]'', when fully grown, ''Uteodon'' would have grown up to around {{conv|6|m|ft}} long and would probably have weighed no more than around {{conv|400|kg|lbs}},<ref name=Paul2010 /><ref name="McDonald" /> although according to Hartman (2013), ''Uteodon'' could have been as small as around {{conv|2.5|m|ft}} long.<ref name=Hartman2013>{{cite web|title=''Uteodon'' skeletal reconstruction (2013)|url=https://www.skeletaldrawing.com/ornithiscians/uteodon|publisher=Dr. Scott Hartman's Skeletal Drawing|access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>
+Based on the holotype and the related genus ''[[Camptosaurus]]'', when fully grown, ''Uteodon'' would have grown up to around {{convert|6|m|ft}} long and would probably have weighed no more than around {{convert|400|kg|lbs}},<ref name=Paul2010 /><ref name="McDonald" /> although according to Hartman (2013), ''Uteodon'' could have been as small as around {{convert|2.5|m|ft}} long.<ref name=Hartman2013>{{cite web|title=''Uteodon'' skeletal reconstruction (2013)|url=https://www.skeletaldrawing.com/ornithiscians/uteodon|publisher=Dr. Scott Hartman's Skeletal Drawing|access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>
 ==Paleoecology==
 ===Provenance and occurrence===
-The single known specimen of ''Uteodon'', CM 11337, was found in the [[Dry Mesa Quarry]]/[[Douglass Quarry]] of the [[Brushy Basin Member]] of the [[Morrison Formation]], Utah. The rocks it was found in were medium-grained, coarse sandstone that was deposited during the [[Tithonian]] and [[Kimmeridgian]] [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stages]] of the [[Jurassic]] period, approximately 153 to 148 million years ago.<ref>[[James A. Jensen|Jensen, J. A.]] and [[John Ostrom|Ostrom, J. H.]]. (1977). A second Jurassic pterosaur from North America. ''Journal of Paleontology'' 51(4):867–870</ref>
+The single known specimen of ''Uteodon'', CM 11337, was found in the [[Dry Mesa Quarry]]/[[Douglass Quarry]] of the [[Brushy Basin Member]] of the [[Morrison Formation]], [[Utah]].<ref name="Gilmore1925" /> The rocks it was found in were medium-grained, coarse sandstone that was deposited during the [[Tithonian]] and [[Kimmeridgian]] [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stages]] of the [[Late Jurassic]] period, approximately 153 to 148 million years ago.<ref>[[James A. Jensen|Jensen, J. A.]] and [[John Ostrom|Ostrom, J. H.]] (1977). A second Jurassic pterosaur from North America. ''Journal of Paleontology'' 51(4):867–870</ref>
 ===Fauna and habitat===
+[[File:Uteodon reconstruction raingerr.png|thumb|[[Life restoration]] of ''Uteodon'']]
 Studies suggest that the [[natural environment|paleoenvironment]] of this section of the Morrison Formation included rivers that flowed from the west into a basin that contained a giant, saline alkaline lake and there were extensive wetlands in the vicinity. The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry of western Colorado yields one of the most diverse Upper Jurassic vertebrate assemblages in the world.<ref>Richmond, D.R. and Morris, T.H., (1999), Stratigraphy and cataclysmic deposition of the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Mesa County, Colorado, in Carpenter, K., Kirkland, J., and Chure, D., eds., The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study, ''Modern Geology v. 22'', no. 1-4, pp. 121–143.</ref> The Dry Mesa Quarry has produced the remains of the [[Sauropoda|sauropods]] ''[[Apatosaurus]]'', ''[[Diplodocus]]'', ''[[Barosaurus]]'', ''[[Supersaurus]]'', and ''[[Camarasaurus]]'', the [[Iguanodontia|iguanodonts]] ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' and ''[[Dryosaurus]]'', and the [[Theropoda|theropods]] ''[[Allosaurus]]'', ''[[Torvosaurus]]''. ''[[Tanycolagreus]]'', ''[[Koparion]]'', ''[[Stokesosaurus]]'', ''[[Ceratosaurus]]'', and ''[[Ornitholestes]]'', as well as ''[[Nanosaurus]]'', ''[[Gargoyleosaurus]]'', and ''[[Stegosaurus]]''.<ref name=DJCetal06>{{cite book |last=Chure |first=Daniel J. |author2=Litwin, Ron |author3=Hasiotis, Stephen T. |author4=Evanoff, Emmett |author5= Carpenter, Kenneth  |year=2006 |chapter=The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006 |editor=Foster, John R. |editor2=Lucas, Spencer G. |title=Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation |series=''New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin'', '''36''' |publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |pages=233–248}}</ref>
-The flora of the period has been revealed by fossils of [[chlorophyta|green algae]], [[fungi]], [[moss]]es, [[equisetum|horsetails]], ferns, [[cycad]]s, [[ginkgo]]es, and several families of [[conifer]]s. Animal fossils discovered include [[bivalve]]s, [[snail]]s, [[actinopterygii|ray-finned fishes]], [[frog]]s, [[salamander]]s, [[amphibian]]s, [[turtle]]s, [[sphenodontia|sphenodonts]], [[lizard]]s, terrestrial (like ''[[Hoplosuchus]]'') and aquatic [[crocodylomorpha]]ns, cotylosaurs, several species of [[pterosaur]]s like ''[[Harpactognathus]]'', and early [[mammal]]s, [[multituberculata|multituberculates]], [[symmetrodonta|symmetrodonts]], and [[triconodonta|triconodonts]].<ref name=DJCetal06/>
+The flora of the period has been revealed by fossils of [[chlorophyta|green algae]], [[fungi]], [[moss]]es, [[equisetum|horsetails]], ferns, [[cycad]]s, [[ginkgo]]es, and several families of [[conifer]]s. Animal fossils discovered include [[bivalve]]s, [[snail]]s, [[actinopterygii|ray-finned fishes]], [[frog]]s, [[salamander]]s, [[amphibian]]s, [[turtle]]s, [[sphenodontia|sphenodonts]], [[lizard]]s, terrestrial (like ''[[Hoplosuchus]]'') and aquatic [[crocodylomorpha|crocodylomorphs]], cotylosaurs, several species of [[pterosaur]]s like ''[[Harpactognathus]]'', and early [[mammal]]s, [[multituberculata|multituberculates]], [[symmetrodonta|symmetrodonts]], and [[triconodonta|triconodonts]].<ref name=DJCetal06/>
 ==References==
@@ Line 43: / Line 44: @@
 [[Category:Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation]]
 [[Category:Paleontology in Utah]]
+[[Category:Ornithischian genera]]