Fort Bainbridge: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|United States historic site in Alabama}} |
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{{Infobox military installation |
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| name = Fort Bainbridge |
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| location = [[Boromville, Alabama]] |
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| nearest_town = <!-- used in military test site infobox --> |
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| country = United States |
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| image = Fort_Bainbridge.jpg |
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| type = Earthen fort |
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| pushpin_mapsize = 220 |
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| built = March 1814 |
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| used = 1814 |
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| builder = North Carolina militia |
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|demolished= |
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|condition= |
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|ownership= Private |
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|open_to_public= No |
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|controlledby= Private |
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|battles= [[Creek War]] |
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|events= |
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'''Fort Bainbridge''' was an earthen fort located along the [[Federal Road (Creek lands)|Federal Road]] on what is today the county line between [[Macon County, Alabama|Macon]] and [[Russell County, Alabama|Russell]] counties in [[Alabama]]. |
'''Fort Bainbridge''' was an earthen fort located along the [[Federal Road (Creek lands)|Federal Road]] on what is today the county line between [[Macon County, Alabama|Macon]] and [[Russell County, Alabama|Russell]] counties in [[Alabama]].{{sfn|Harris|1977|pp=36}} Fort Bainbridge was located twenty-five miles west of [[Fort Mitchell Historic Site|Fort Mitchell]].{{sfn|Jackson|1927|pp=23}} |
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==History== |
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Fort Bainbridge is believed to be named in honor of naval captain [[William Bainbridge]].<ref name="SF">{{cite book |last=Bunn |first=Mike |date=1 July 2008 |title=Battle for the Southern Frontier: The Creek War and the War of 1812 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dF2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT59&lpg=PT59&dq=fort+bainbridge+alabama&source=bl&ots=Jw7ESeEHPC&sig=MdT77DVCE63zmRc15jf5EcOak3E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxyNu197_SAhUjslQKHXO_DFo4ChDoAQhCMAk#v=onepage&q=fort%20bainbridge%20alabama&f=false |location=Mount Pleasant, SC |publisher=Arcadia Publishing}}</ref> It was either constructed in late 1813 or early 1814 by Georgia troops under the command of Colonel [[Homer V. Milton]] or General [[John B. Floyd]] in an effort to protect the supply route from [[Fort Hull]] to [[Fort Mitchell, Alabama|Fort Mitchell]].<ref name="SF" /><ref name="BTC" /> Floyd left his supplies at the fort when he marched westward to fight the [[Battle of Calebee Creek]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Dead Towns of Alabama |last=Harris |first=W. Stuart |year=1977 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |page=36 |isbn=0-8173-1125-4 }}</ref> Fort Bainbridge was built in the style of a [[bastion fort]] with eight outcroppings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digtheridge.com/notable-people--places-and-events-page-2.html |title=More Notable People, Places and Events about The Ridge Project Area, The Ridge Neighborhood and Surrounding South Macon Communities |location= Macon Co., AL |publisher=The Ridge |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> |
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===Creek War=== |
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Fort Bainbridge was named in honor of naval captain [[William Bainbridge]].{{sfn|Bunn|Williams|2008|pp=42}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Brannon |first=Peter A. |date=April 17, 1932 |title=Fort Bainbridge, In Russell |url=https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voices/id/6796/rec/1 |work=The Montgomery Advertiser |location=Montgomery, Alabama |access-date=September 4, 2021}}</ref> Fort Bainbridge was built in the style of a [[bastion fort]] with eight outcroppings. The bastions were surrounded by a ditch that was filled with pickets and the fort was entered by a [[drawbridge]].{{sfn|Waselkov|Christopher|2012|pp=42}} It was constructed in March 1814 by North Carolina militia under the command of General [[Joseph Graham (North Carolina soldier)|Joseph Graham]] in an effort to protect the supply route from [[Fort Hull]] to Fort Mitchell.{{sfn|Waselkov|Christopher|2012|pp=222}} Captain [[Jett Thomas]] directed the fort's construction.<ref name=Brannon>{{cite news |last=Brannon |first=Peter A. |date=April 17, 1932 |title=Fort Bainbridge, In Russell |url=https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voices/id/6796/rec/1 |work=The Montgomery Advertiser |location=Montgomery, Alabama |access-date=September 4, 2021}}</ref> Fort Bainbridge allowed supply wagons to travel between Fort Mitchell and Hull in one-day intervals and was garrisoned by 100 to 300 troops.{{sfn|Owsley|2008|pp=60}} Fort Bainbridge was garrisoned by Tennessee militia until July 31, 1814.{{sfn|Jackson|1927|pp=23}} |
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===Postwar=== |
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Captain Kendall Lewis, along with his [[Muscogee|Creek]] chief father-in law, Big Warrior, operated a tavern as a stagecoach stop about 400 yards west of Fort Bainbridge, which stayed open under the care of Lewis' widow until at least 1836.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genealogytrails.com/ala/taverns.html#Lewis |title=Stage Stops and Taverns of Early Alabama Prior to 1840 |publisher=Genealogy Trails |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> During his return tour, the [[Marquis de Lafayette]] stayed at the Lewis Tavern for his first night in Alabama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alabamapioneers.com/alabama-threw-many-parties-gen-lafayette/ |title=Alabama threw parties for Lafayette [photographs] and Selma played a prank on the citizens of their town |publisher=Alabama Pioneers |date=3 May 2016 |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> The site of the fort also lies along naturalist [[William Bartram]]'s [[Bartram's Travels|four-year journey]] through the [[Southern United States]], during which he documented the flora, fauna and Native Americans of the area. |
In 1820 on his North American tour, [[Adam Hodgson]] described Fort Bainbridge as being a "small stockaded mound".<ref name=Brannon/> Captain Kendall Lewis (who commanded [[Benjamin Hawkins]]' scouts), along with his [[Muscogee|Creek]] chief father-in law, Big Warrior, operated a tavern as a stagecoach stop about 400 yards west of Fort Bainbridge, which stayed open under the care of Lewis' widow until at least 1836.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genealogytrails.com/ala/taverns.html#Lewis |title=Stage Stops and Taverns of Early Alabama Prior to 1840 |publisher=Genealogy Trails |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> During his return tour, the [[Marquis de Lafayette]] stayed at the Lewis Tavern for his first night in Alabama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alabamapioneers.com/alabama-threw-many-parties-gen-lafayette/ |title=Alabama threw parties for Lafayette [photographs] and Selma played a prank on the citizens of their town |publisher=Alabama Pioneers |date=3 May 2016 |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> [[Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1792–1862)|Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] stayed at the Lewis Tavern on his 1826 travels through North America.{{sfn|Waselkov|Christopher|2012|pp=204}} The site of the fort also lies along naturalist [[William Bartram]]'s [[Bartram's Travels|four-year journey]] through the [[Southern United States]], during which he documented the flora, fauna and Native Americans of the area.{{sfn|Bartram Trail Conference|1979|pp=134}} The fort site was later used as a [[plantation]].{{sfn|Braund|Waselkov|Christopher|2019|pp=100}} |
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[[File:Fort Bainbridge and Decatur.jpg|thumb|Fort Bainbridge (located in the center) as portrayed in [[Henry Schenck Tanner]]'s 1830 ''The Traveler's Pocket Map of Alabama''.]] |
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===Present=== |
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Today, it remains unmarked and its legacy lies in a small unincorporated community, [[Boromville, Alabama|Boromville]], that developed from it.<ref>{{cite web |url= |
Today, it remains unmarked and its legacy lies in a small unincorporated community, [[Boromville, Alabama|Boromville]], that developed from it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digtheridge.com/ |title=Highlights |location= |publisher=The Ridge Macon County Archaeology Project |accessdate=2 May 2021}}</ref> Though unmarked, the location is known and the area has been damaged by relic hunters.{{sfn|Braund|2012|pp=249}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== |
==Sources== |
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* {{cite book |last=Bartram Trail Conference |date=1979 |title=A Study of the Life of William Bartram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgYrifxa5_oC&q=fort+bainbridge+alabama&pg=PA134 |location=Montgomery, Alabama |publisher=The Bartram Trail Conference |page=}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Braund |first1=Kathryn |last2=Waselkov |first2=Gregory |last3=Christopher |first3=Raven |title=The Old Federal Road in Alabama |date=2019 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |isbn=978-0-8173-5930-0 |page=}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Tohopeka: Rethinking the Creek War & the War of 1812 |last=Braund |first=Kathryn E. Holland |year=2012 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |page= |isbn=978-0-8173-5711-5 }} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Bunn |first1=Mike |last2=Williams |first2=Clay |title=Battle for the Southern Frontier: The Creek War and the War of 1812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dF2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT40|date=2008|publisher=The History Press |location=Charleston, South Caroline |isbn=978-1-62584-381-4|pages=}} |
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* {{cite book |title=Dead Towns of Alabama |last=Harris |first=W. Stuart |year=1977 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |page= |isbn=0-8173-1125-4 }} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Andrew |editor-last=Bassett |editor-first=John Spencer |editor-link=John Spencer Bassett |title=Correspondence of Andrew Jackson |year=1927 |orig-date=Composed 31 July 1814|publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington |location=Washington, D.C. |volume=2 |page=}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Owsley |first=Frank Lawrence |title=Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands|url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00061390/00001|date=2008|publisher=Library Press@UF |location=Gainesville, Florida |isbn=978-1-947372-34-4|pages=}} |
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* {{cite tech report |last1=Waselkov |first1=Gregory |last2=Christopher |first2=Raven |title=Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama |number= |institution=Alabama Department of Transportation |date=April 2012 |location=Montgomery, Alabama |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259398790_Archaeological_Survey_of_the_Old_Federal_Road_in_Alabama_Public_Version_-_Site_Locations_Redacted |quote=Submitted by the Center for Archaeological Studies University of South Alabama. |year=}} |
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==External links== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fort Bainbridge}} |
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[[Category:1814 establishments in Mississippi Territory|Bainbridge]] |
[[Category:1814 establishments in Mississippi Territory|Bainbridge]] |
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[[Category:Military installations established in 1814|Bainbridge]] |
[[Category:Military installations established in 1814|Bainbridge]] |
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{{fort-stub}} |
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{{Alabama-geo-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 19:49, 16 September 2023
Fort Bainbridge | |
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Boromville, Alabama in United States | |
![]() | |
Coordinates | 32°19′08″N 85°26′06″W / 32.31889°N 85.43500°W |
Type | Earthen fort |
Site information | |
Owner | Private |
Controlled by | Private |
Open to the public | No |
Site history | |
Built | March 1814 |
Built by | North Carolina militia |
In use | 1814 |
Battles/wars | Creek War |
Fort Bainbridge was an earthen fort located along the Federal Road on what is today the county line between Macon and Russell counties in Alabama.[1] Fort Bainbridge was located twenty-five miles west of Fort Mitchell.[2]
History
[edit]Creek War
[edit]Fort Bainbridge was named in honor of naval captain William Bainbridge.[3][4] Fort Bainbridge was built in the style of a bastion fort with eight outcroppings. The bastions were surrounded by a ditch that was filled with pickets and the fort was entered by a drawbridge.[5] It was constructed in March 1814 by North Carolina militia under the command of General Joseph Graham in an effort to protect the supply route from Fort Hull to Fort Mitchell.[6] Captain Jett Thomas directed the fort's construction.[7] Fort Bainbridge allowed supply wagons to travel between Fort Mitchell and Hull in one-day intervals and was garrisoned by 100 to 300 troops.[8] Fort Bainbridge was garrisoned by Tennessee militia until July 31, 1814.[2]
Postwar
[edit]In 1820 on his North American tour, Adam Hodgson described Fort Bainbridge as being a "small stockaded mound".[7] Captain Kendall Lewis (who commanded Benjamin Hawkins' scouts), along with his Creek chief father-in law, Big Warrior, operated a tavern as a stagecoach stop about 400 yards west of Fort Bainbridge, which stayed open under the care of Lewis' widow until at least 1836.[9] During his return tour, the Marquis de Lafayette stayed at the Lewis Tavern for his first night in Alabama.[10] Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach stayed at the Lewis Tavern on his 1826 travels through North America.[11] The site of the fort also lies along naturalist William Bartram's four-year journey through the Southern United States, during which he documented the flora, fauna and Native Americans of the area.[12] The fort site was later used as a plantation.[13]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fort_Bainbridge_and_Decatur.jpg/220px-Fort_Bainbridge_and_Decatur.jpg)
Present
[edit]Today, it remains unmarked and its legacy lies in a small unincorporated community, Boromville, that developed from it.[14] Though unmarked, the location is known and the area has been damaged by relic hunters.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ Harris 1977, pp. 36.
- ^ a b Jackson 1927, pp. 23.
- ^ Bunn & Williams 2008, pp. 42.
- ^ Brannon, Peter A. (April 17, 1932). "Fort Bainbridge, In Russell". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- ^ Waselkov & Christopher 2012, pp. 42.
- ^ Waselkov & Christopher 2012, pp. 222.
- ^ a b Brannon, Peter A. (April 17, 1932). "Fort Bainbridge, In Russell". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- ^ Owsley 2008, pp. 60.
- ^ "Stage Stops and Taverns of Early Alabama Prior to 1840". Genealogy Trails. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ "Alabama threw parties for Lafayette [photographs] and Selma played a prank on the citizens of their town". Alabama Pioneers. 3 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ Waselkov & Christopher 2012, pp. 204.
- ^ Bartram Trail Conference 1979, pp. 134.
- ^ Braund, Waselkov & Christopher 2019, pp. 100.
- ^ "Highlights". The Ridge Macon County Archaeology Project. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ Braund 2012, pp. 249.
Sources
[edit]- Bartram Trail Conference (1979). A Study of the Life of William Bartram. Montgomery, Alabama: The Bartram Trail Conference.
- Braund, Kathryn; Waselkov, Gregory; Christopher, Raven (2019). The Old Federal Road in Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5930-0.
- Braund, Kathryn E. Holland (2012). Tohopeka: Rethinking the Creek War & the War of 1812. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5711-5.
- Bunn, Mike; Williams, Clay (2008). Battle for the Southern Frontier: The Creek War and the War of 1812. Charleston, South Caroline: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-62584-381-4.
- Harris, W. Stuart (1977). Dead Towns of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-1125-4.
- Jackson, Andrew (1927) [Composed 31 July 1814]. Bassett, John Spencer (ed.). Correspondence of Andrew Jackson. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
- Owsley, Frank Lawrence (2008). Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands. Gainesville, Florida: Library Press@UF. ISBN 978-1-947372-34-4.
- Waselkov, Gregory; Christopher, Raven (April 2012). Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama (Technical report). Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Department of Transportation.
Submitted by the Center for Archaeological Studies University of South Alabama.