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{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{Fossil range|104.5}}
| name = ''Abydosaurus''
| image = Abydosaurus mcintoshi (sauropod dinosaur) (Cedar Mountain Formation, Lower Cretaceous; Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, USA) 2 (48694534456).jpg
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{Fossil range|104.5}}
| image_caption = Holotype skull
| image = Abydosaurus.jpg
| taxon = Abydosaurus
| image_width = 250px
| authority = Chure ''et al.'', 2010
| image_caption =
| taxon = Abydosaurus
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Abydosaurus mcintoshi'''''
| authority = Chure ''et al.'', 2010
| type_species_authority = Chure ''et al.'', [[2010 in paleontology|2010]]
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Abydosaurus mcintoshi'''''
| type_species_authority = Chure ''et al.'', [[2010 in paleontology|2010]]
}}
}}


'''''Abydosaurus''''' (meaning "[[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]] lizard") is a [[genus]] of [[brachiosauridae|brachiosaurid]] [[sauropoda|sauropod]] [[dinosaur]] known from skull and [[postcrania]]l material found in upper [[Lower Cretaceous]] rocks of northeastern [[Utah]], [[United States]].
'''''Abydosaurus''''' (meaning "[[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]] lizard") is a [[genus]] of [[brachiosauridae|brachiosaurid]] [[sauropoda|sauropod]] [[dinosaur]] known from skull and [[postcrania]]l material found in upper [[Lower Cretaceous]] rocks of northeastern [[Utah]], [[United States]].


==Discovery and description==
==Discovery==
[[Image:Abydosaurus NT.jpg|thumb|left|Restoration]]
[[File:Abydosaurus NT.jpg|thumb|left|Restoration of the head and neck]]
''Abydosaurus'' is one of the few sauropods known from skull material, with the first described complete skull for a Cretaceous sauropod from the Americas.<ref name=DCetal10>{{Cite journal |last=Chure |first=Daniel |author2=Britt, Brooks|author3= Whitlock, John A.|author4= Wilson, Jeffrey A. |year=2010 |title=First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition |journal=[[Naturwissenschaften]] |volume=97 |pmid=20179896 |issue=4 |pages=379–391 |pmc=2841758 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/lpn30h8tx2231223/fulltext.pdf |doi=10.1007/s00114-010-0650-6 }}</ref> It is also notable for its narrow teeth, as earlier brachiosaurids had broader teeth.<ref name=DCetal10/>


''Abydosaurus'' is one of the few sauropods known from skull material, with the first described complete skull for a Cretaceous sauropod from the Americas.<ref name="DCetal10">{{Cite journal|last1=Chure|first1=D.|last2=Britt|first2=B.|last3=Whitlock|first3=J.A.|last4=Wilson|first4=J.A.|year=2010|title=First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition|journal=[[Naturwissenschaften]]|volume=97|issue=4|pages=379–391|doi=10.1007/s00114-010-0650-6|pmc=2841758|pmid=20179896|bibcode=2010NW.....97..379C }}</ref> It is also notable for its narrow teeth, as earlier brachiosaurids had broader teeth.<ref name=DCetal10/>
''Abydosaurus'' is [[holotype|based on]] [[Dinosaur National Monument|DINO]]&nbsp;16488, a nearly complete skull and lower jaws with the first four neck [[vertebra]]e. Abundant skull and postcranial bones were found at the same site, including partial skulls from three additional individuals, a partial [[pelvis|hip]] and associated tail vertebrae, a [[scapula|shoulder blade]], an [[humerus|upper arm bone]], and [[metacarpus|hand bones]]. These fossils were found in a [[sandstone]] bed at the base of the [[Mussentuchit Member]] of the [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], near the old visitor center of [[Dinosaur National Monument]]. [[Zircon]]s from mudstones beneath the bone-bearing sandstone indicate the age of the sandstone and the its contained bones is less than 104.46 ± 0.95&nbsp;million years, in the [[Albian]] stage of the [[Early Cretaceous]].<ref name=DCetal10/>


''Abydosaurus'' is based on the [[holotype]] [[Dinosaur National Monument|DINO]]&nbsp;16488, a nearly complete skull and lower jaws with the first four neck [[vertebra]]e. Abundant skull and postcranial bones were found at the same site, including partial skulls from three additional individuals, a partial [[pelvis|hip]] and associated tail vertebrae, a [[scapula|shoulder blade]], an [[humerus|upper arm bone]], and [[metacarpus|hand bones]]. These fossils were found in a [[sandstone]] bed at the base of the [[Mussentuchit Member]] of the [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], near the old visitor center of [[Dinosaur National Monument]]. [[Zircon]]s from mudstones beneath the bone-bearing sandstone indicate the age of the sandstone and its contained bones is less than 104.46 ± 0.95&nbsp;million years, in the [[Albian]] stage of the [[Early Cretaceous]].<ref name=DCetal10/>
Although ''Abydosaurus'' lived some 45 million years after ''[[Giraffatitan]]'', the skulls of these two genera are similar except for the narrower, sharper teeth and smaller nose of ''Abydosaurus''. ''Abydosaurus'' can be differentiated from all other sauropods, including ''Giraffatitan'', by subtle features of the [[nasal bone|nasal]] and [[maxilla]]ry bones, its relatively small external nares (nostrils), and some features of the teeth.<ref name=DCetal10/>


''Abydosaurus'' was named in 2010 by Daniel Chure and colleagues. The genus name is a reference to [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian mythology]]: [[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]] is the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] name for a city on the [[Nile]] where the head and neck of [[Osiris]] were buried, while the holotype of ''Abydosaurus'' consists of a head and neck found in rocks overlooking the [[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]]. The [[type species]] is ''A. mcintoshi'' in honor of [[John S. McIntosh|John S. ("Jack") McIntosh]],<ref name=DCetal10/> Professor of Physics, Emeritus, [[Wesleyan University]], and his contributions to Dinosaur National Monument and the study of sauropod dinosaurs.<ref name=DCetal10/><ref name=wesleyanargus>{{cite web|url=http://wesleyanargus.com/2010/02/26/recently-discovered-dinosaur-named-after-retired-professor/|title=Recently Discovered Dinosaur Named After Retired Professor|last=Liu|first=Pei Xiong|date=26 February 2010|work=The Wesleyan Argus |publisher=Wesleyan University|accessdate=1 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309005500/http://wesleyanargus.com/2010/02/26/recently-discovered-dinosaur-named-after-retired-professor/| archivedate= 9 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wesleyan.edu/physics/people/faculty.html|title=Wesleyan University Physics Department People|publisher=Wesleyan University|accessdate=1 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100126031459/http://www.wesleyan.edu/physics/people/faculty.html| archivedate= 26 January 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
''Abydosaurus'' was named in 2010 by Daniel Chure and colleagues. The genus name is a reference to [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian mythology]]: [[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]] is the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] name for a city on the [[Nile]] where the head and neck of [[Osiris]] were buried, while the holotype of ''Abydosaurus'' consists of a head and neck found in rocks overlooking the [[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]]. The [[type species]] is ''A. mcintoshi'' in honor of [[John S. McIntosh|John S. ("Jack") McIntosh]],<ref name=DCetal10/> Professor of Physics, Emeritus, [[Wesleyan University]], and his contributions to Dinosaur National Monument and the study of sauropod dinosaurs.<ref name=DCetal10/><ref name="wesleyanargus">{{cite web|url=http://wesleyanargus.com/2010/02/26/recently-discovered-dinosaur-named-after-retired-professor/|title=Recently Discovered Dinosaur Named After Retired Professor|last=Liu|first=P.X.|date=26 February 2010|work=The Wesleyan Argus|publisher=Wesleyan University|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309005500/http://wesleyanargus.com/2010/02/26/recently-discovered-dinosaur-named-after-retired-professor/|archive-date=9 March 2010|access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wesleyan.edu/physics/people/faculty.html|title=Wesleyan University Physics Department People|publisher=Wesleyan University|access-date=1 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126031459/http://www.wesleyan.edu/physics/people/faculty.html|archive-date=2010-01-26|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==See also==
==Description==
Although ''Abydosaurus'' lived some 50 million years after ''[[Giraffatitan]]'', the skulls of these two genera are similar except for the narrower, sharper teeth and smaller nose of ''Abydosaurus''. ''Abydosaurus'' can be differentiated from all other sauropods, including ''Giraffatitan'', by subtle features of the [[nasal bone|nasal]] and [[maxilla]]ry bones, its relatively small external nares (nostrils), and some features of the teeth.<ref name=DCetal10/> In 2012 [[Thomas R. Holtz Jr.|Thomas Holtz]] gave a length of {{Convert|18.3|m|ft|abbr=out}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf|title=Holtz's genus list|last=Holtz|first=Thomas R.|date=2012}}</ref>
{{portal-inline|dinosaurs}}


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite news
* {{cite news
| url = http://news.byu.edu/archive10-feb-abydosaurus.aspx
|url = http://news.byu.edu/archive10-feb-abydosaurus.aspx
| title = Abydosaurus: New dinosaur discovered head first, for a change
|title = Abydosaurus: New dinosaur discovered head first, for a change
| publisher = BYU News
|publisher = BYU News
| date = Feb 23, 2010 | accessdate = 8 October 2016
|date = Feb 23, 2010
|access-date = 8 October 2016
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100227100159/http://news.byu.edu/archive10-feb-abydosaurus.aspx| archivedate= 27 February 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100227100159/http://news.byu.edu/archive10-feb-abydosaurus.aspx
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131241}}
|archive-date = 27 February 2010
|url-status = dead
}}

{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
{{Sauropodomorpha|M.}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q18511044|from2=Q131241}}


[[Category:Brachiosaurs]]
[[Category:Brachiosaurs]]

Latest revision as of 07:57, 27 September 2023

Abydosaurus
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 104.5 Ma
Holotype skull
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Sauropodomorpha
Clade: Sauropoda
Clade: Macronaria
Family: Brachiosauridae
Genus: Abydosaurus
Chure et al., 2010
Type species
Abydosaurus mcintoshi
Chure et al., 2010

Abydosaurus (meaning "Abydos lizard") is a genus of brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur known from skull and postcranial material found in upper Lower Cretaceous rocks of northeastern Utah, United States.

Discovery

[edit]
Restoration of the head and neck

Abydosaurus is one of the few sauropods known from skull material, with the first described complete skull for a Cretaceous sauropod from the Americas.[1] It is also notable for its narrow teeth, as earlier brachiosaurids had broader teeth.[1]

Abydosaurus is based on the holotype DINO 16488, a nearly complete skull and lower jaws with the first four neck vertebrae. Abundant skull and postcranial bones were found at the same site, including partial skulls from three additional individuals, a partial hip and associated tail vertebrae, a shoulder blade, an upper arm bone, and hand bones. These fossils were found in a sandstone bed at the base of the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, near the old visitor center of Dinosaur National Monument. Zircons from mudstones beneath the bone-bearing sandstone indicate the age of the sandstone and its contained bones is less than 104.46 ± 0.95 million years, in the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous.[1]

Abydosaurus was named in 2010 by Daniel Chure and colleagues. The genus name is a reference to Egyptian mythology: Abydos is the Greek name for a city on the Nile where the head and neck of Osiris were buried, while the holotype of Abydosaurus consists of a head and neck found in rocks overlooking the Green River. The type species is A. mcintoshi in honor of John S. ("Jack") McIntosh,[1] Professor of Physics, Emeritus, Wesleyan University, and his contributions to Dinosaur National Monument and the study of sauropod dinosaurs.[1][2][3]

Description

[edit]

Although Abydosaurus lived some 50 million years after Giraffatitan, the skulls of these two genera are similar except for the narrower, sharper teeth and smaller nose of Abydosaurus. Abydosaurus can be differentiated from all other sauropods, including Giraffatitan, by subtle features of the nasal and maxillary bones, its relatively small external nares (nostrils), and some features of the teeth.[1] In 2012 Thomas Holtz gave a length of 18.3 metres (60 ft).[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Chure, D.; Britt, B.; Whitlock, J.A.; Wilson, J.A. (2010). "First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (4): 379–391. Bibcode:2010NW.....97..379C. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0650-6. PMC 2841758. PMID 20179896.
  2. ^ Liu, P.X. (26 February 2010). "Recently Discovered Dinosaur Named After Retired Professor". The Wesleyan Argus. Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  3. ^ "Wesleyan University Physics Department People". Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on 2010-01-26. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  4. ^ Holtz, Thomas R. (2012). "Holtz's genus list" (PDF).
[edit]