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{{Short description|Type of inflorescence}}
{{for|the computer science ontology|UMBEL}}
{{wikt | umbel}}
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In [[botany]], an '''umbel''' is an [[inflorescence]] that consists of a number of short [[flower]] stalks (called [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]]) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin ''umbella'' "parasol, sunshade".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=umbel umbel etymology]</ref> The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as '''umbellules'''<ref name=foc/> or '''umbellets'''.<ref name= Beentje>{{cite book |author1= Beentje, H. |author2= Williamson, J. |year= 2010 |title= The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms |publisher= Kew Publishing |location= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew }}</ref> A small umbel is called an umbellule.<ref name= Beentje/> The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as '''umbellate''', or occasionally '''subumbellate''' (almost umbellate).


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Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as [[carrot]], [[parsley]], [[dill]], and [[fennel]] in the family [[Apiaceae]]; [[ivy]], ''[[Aralia]]'' and ''[[Fatsia]]'' in the family [[Araliaceae]]; and [[onion]] (''[[Allium]]'') in the family [[Alliaceae]].
⚫
An '''umbel''' is an [[inflorescence]] which consists of a number of short [[flower]] stalks (called [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]]) which spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The arrangement can vary from being flat topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as '''umbellules'''{{cn|date=August 2014}} or '''umbellets'''.<ref name= Beentje>{{cite book |author=Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. |year=2010 |title=The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms |publisher=Kew Publishing |location=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew }}</ref> A small umbel is called an umbellule.ref name= Beentje/> The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as '''umbellate''', or occasionally '''subumbellate''' (almost umbellate).


An umbel is a type of [[Inflorescence#Indeterminate or Racemose|indeterminate inflorescence]].<ref name= Beentje/><ref>
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Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as [[carrot]], [[parsley]], [[dill]], and [[fennel]] in the family [[Apiaceae]]; [[ivy]], [[aralia]] and [[fatsia]] in the family [[Araliaceae]]; and [[onion]] (''[[Allium]]'') in the family [[Alliaceae]].
{{cite book

|author1= Walters, D.R.
An umbel is a type of [[Inflorescence#Indeterminate_or_Racemose|indeterminate inflorescence]].<ref name= Beentje/><ref>{{cite book |author=Walters, D.R.; Keil, D.J. |year=1975 |title=Vascular Plant Taxonomy |publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company |location=Dubuque }}</ref> A compressed [[Cyme (botany)|cyme]], which is a determinate inflorescence, is called '''umbelliform''' if it resembles an umbel.
|author2= Keil, D.J.
|year= 1975
|title= Vascular Plant Taxonomy
|publisher= Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company
|location= Dubuque
}}
</ref>
A compressed [[Cyme (botany) |cyme]], which is a determinate inflorescence, is called '''umbelliform''' if it resembles an umbel.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Conioselinum pacificum 3573.JPG|Compound umbel of a hemlock-parsley, ''Conioselinum pacificum'' (Apiaceae)
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File:Primula veris (inflorescense).jpg|[[Involucral bract|Involucrate]] umbels of ''[[Primula veris]]''.
File:Daucus carota May 2008-1 edit.jpg|Umbel of a wild carrot ''[[Daucus carota]]'' (Apiaceae)
File:Daucus carota May 2008-1 edit.jpg|Compound umbel of a wild carrot, ''[[Daucus carota]]'' (Apiaceae)
File:Fatsia japonica1.jpg|An umbel on ''[[Fatsia|Fatsia japonica]]'' (Araliaceae)
File:Fatsia japonica1.jpg|Simple umbel of ''[[Fatsia|Fatsia japonica]]'' (Araliaceae)
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File:Primula veris (inflorescense).jpg|[[Involucral bract|Involucrate]] simple umbels of ''[[Primula veris]]''
File:Pelargonium zonale umbel.jpg|Umbel of a ''[[Pelargonium zonale]]''
File:Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) umbel down view.jpg|alt=Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) umbel down view|''[[Daucus carota]]'' umbel down view
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{reflist}}
<ref name=foc>{{eFloras|2|10052|volume=14|Apiaceae Lindley |author=Menglan She |author2=Fading Pu |author3=Zehui Pan |author4=Mark Watson |author5=John F. M. Cannon |author6=Ingrid Holmes-Smith |author7=Eugene V. Kljuykov |author8=Loy R. Phillippe |author9=Michael G. Pimenov |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>
}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|last1=Hinderer|first1=Walter|last2=Noé|first2=Wolfgang|last3=Seitz|first3=Hanns Ulrich|title=Differentiation of metabolic pathways in the umbel of Daucus carota|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=22|issue=11|year=1983|pages=2417–2420|issn=00319422|doi=10.1016/0031-9422(83)80131-9}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Hinderer|first1=Walter|last2=Noé|first2=Wolfgang|last3=Seitz|first3=Hanns Ulrich|title=Differentiation of metabolic pathways in the umbel of Daucus carota|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=22|issue=11|year=1983|pages=2417–2420|issn=0031-9422|doi=10.1016/0031-9422(83)80131-9}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Toben|first1=H.-M.|last2=Rudoph|first2=K|title=Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola, Incitant of Bacterial Umbel Blight and Seed Decay of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Germany|journal=Journal of Phytopathology|volume=144|issue=4|year=1996|pages=169–178|issn=0931-1785|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01510.x}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Toben|first1=H.-M.|last2=Rudoph|first2=K|title=Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola, Incitant of Bacterial Umbel Blight and Seed Decay of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Germany|journal=Journal of Phytopathology|volume=144|issue=4|year=1996|pages=169–178|issn=0931-1785|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01510.x}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Peterson|first1=L. E.|last2=Clark|first2=R. J.|last3=Menary|first3=R. C.|title=Umbel Initiation and Stem Elongation in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)Initiated by Photoperiod|journal=Journal of Essential Oil Research|volume=5|issue=1|year=1993|pages=37–43|issn=1041-2905|doi=10.1080/10412905.1993.9698168}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Peterson|first1=L. E.|last2=Clark|first2=R. J.|last3=Menary|first3=R. C.|title=Umbel Initiation and Stem Elongation in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)Initiated by Photoperiod|journal=Journal of Essential Oil Research|volume=5|issue=1|year=1993|pages=37–43|issn=1041-2905|doi=10.1080/10412905.1993.9698168}}


{{botany}}
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[[Category:Plant morphology]]

[[Category:Apiales]]
[[Category:Apiales]]
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[[Category:Plant morphology]]



{{Botany-stub}}
{{Plant-morphology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:42, 30 September 2023

Look up umbel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade".[1] The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules[2] or umbellets.[3] A small umbel is called an umbellule.[3] The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.[3][4] A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ umbel etymology
  2. ^ Menglan She; Fading Pu; Zehui Pan; Mark Watson; John F. M. Cannon; Ingrid Holmes-Smith; Eugene V. Kljuykov; Loy R. Phillippe; Michael G. Pimenov. "Apiaceae Lindley". Flora of China. Vol. 14. Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. ^ a b c Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.
  4. ^ Walters, D.R.; Keil, D.J. (1975). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Hinderer, Walter; Noé, Wolfgang; Seitz, Hanns Ulrich (1983). "Differentiation of metabolic pathways in the umbel of Daucus carota". Phytochemistry. 22 (11): 2417–2420. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(83)80131-9. ISSN 0031-9422.
  • Toben, H.-M.; Rudoph, K (1996). "Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola, Incitant of Bacterial Umbel Blight and Seed Decay of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Germany". Journal of Phytopathology. 144 (4): 169–178. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01510.x. ISSN 0931-1785.
  • Peterson, L. E.; Clark, R. J.; Menary, R. C. (1993). "Umbel Initiation and Stem Elongation in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)Initiated by Photoperiod". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 5 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/10412905.1993.9698168. ISSN 1041-2905.


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