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{{Infobox Weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name= Ordnance RML 11 inch 25 ton gun
| name = Ordnance RML 11-inch 25-ton gun
|image=[[File:HMS Temeraire (1876) 11-inch gun.jpg|300px]]
| image = HMS Temeraire (1876) 11-inch gun.jpg
|caption=[[Disappearing gun]] on [[HMS Temeraire (1876)|HMS ''Temeraire]] in firing position
| image_size = 300
| caption = [[Disappearing gun]] on [[HMS Temeraire (1876)|HMS ''Temeraire'']] in firing position
|type= [[Naval gun]]<br>Coast defence gun
| type = [[Naval gun]]<br />Coast defence gun
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=YES
| is_ranged = YES
|is_bladed=
| is_bladed =
|is_explosive=
| is_explosive =
|is_artillery=YES
| is_artillery = YES
|is_vehicle=
| is_vehicle =
|is_UK=YES
| is_UK = YES
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
|service=1867-190?
| service = 1867–1903
|used_by=[[Royal Navy]]
| used_by = [[Royal Navy]]
|wars=[[Bombardment of Alexandria (1882)]]
| wars = [[Bombardment of Alexandria (1882)|Bombardment of Alexandria]]
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=
| designer =
|design_date=
| design_date =
|manufacturer=[[Royal Arsenal]]
| manufacturer = [[Royal Arsenal]]
| unit_cost = £1,589 (18751)<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1875/jun/22/resolution ]</ref>
|production_date=
| production_date =
|number=
| number =
|variants=Mk I, Mk II
| variants = Mk I, Mk II
<!-- General specifications -->
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight={{convert|25|long ton|kg}}
| weight = {{convert|25|long ton|kg}}
|length=
| length =
|part_length={{convert|145|in|m}} (bore + chamber)<ref name=TOC1877page292>Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance 1877, page 292</ref>
| part_length = {{convert|145|in|m}} (bore + chamber)<ref name="TOC1877page292">Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance 1877, page 292</ref>
|width=
| width =
|height=
| height =
|crew=
| crew =
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge={{convert|532|to|543|lb|kg|sigfig=4}} [[Palliser shot|Palliser]], [[British ordnance terms#Common Shell|Common]], [[Shrapnel shell|Shrapnel]]
| cartridge = {{convert|532|to|543|lb|kg|sigfig=4}} [[Palliser shot|Palliser]], [[British ordnance terms#Common Shell|Common]], [[Shrapnel shell|Shrapnel]]
|caliber={{convert|11|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=4}}
| caliber = {{convert|11|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=4}}
|action=
| action =
|rate=
| rate =
|velocity={{convert|1360|ft/s|m/s}}<ref>MV of 1,360 feet/second firing 543-pound 2-oz projectile with "Battering charge" of 85 pounds "P" (gunpowder) is quoted in "Text Book of Gunnery 1887" Table XVI.</ref>
| velocity = {{convert|1360|ft/s|m/s}}<ref>MV of 1,360 feet/second firing 543-pound 2-oz projectile with "Battering charge" of 85 pounds "P" (gunpowder) is quoted in "Text Book of Gunnery 1887" Table XVI.</ref>
|range=
| range =
|max_range=
| max_range =
|feed=
| feed =
|sights=
| sights =
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
| recoil =
|breech=
⚫
| carriage =
|recoil=
⚫
| elevation =
⚫
|carriage=
⚫
| traverse =
⚫
|elevation=
⚫
|traverse=
}}
}}
⚫
'''RML 11 inch 25 ton guns''' were large [[Muzzle-loading rifle|rifled muzzle-loading guns]] used as primary armament on British battleships and for coastal defence. They were effectively the same gun as the [[RML 12 inch 25 ton gun]], bored to 11 inches instead of 12.


⚫
'''RML 11-inch 25-ton guns''' were large [[Muzzle-loading rifle|rifled muzzle-loading guns]] used as primary armament on British battleships and for coastal defence. They were effectively the same gun as the [[RML 12-inch 25-ton gun]], bored to 11 inches instead of 12.
⚫
==Design==

⚫
[[File:RML 11 inch 25 ton gun diagrams.jpeg|thumb|left|<center>Mark I & II gun construction</center>]]
⚫
== Design ==
⚫
Mark I was introduced in 1867. Mark II was introduced in 1871 using the simpler and cheaper "Fraser" gun construction method which had proved successful with the [[RML 9 inch 12 ton gun|RML 9 inch 12 ton Mk IV gun]].
⚫
[[File:RML 11-inch 25-ton gun diagrams.jpeg|thumb|left|{{center|Mark I & II gun construction}}]]
⚫
Mark I was introduced in 1867. Mark II was introduced in 1871 using the simpler and cheaper "Fraser" gun construction method which had proved successful with the [[RML 9-inch 12-ton gun|RML 9-inch 12-ton Mk IV gun]].
<ref>Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance, 1879, page 281-282</ref>
<ref>Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance, 1879, page 281-282</ref>


In 1874 the process of development made a "New Eighty-one Ton Gun" available in Woolwich.<ref>Scientific American: ''Eight-one-ton gun'', Mai 30, 1874, page 338 [https://archive.org/details/scientific-american-1874-05-30/page/n3/mode/1up online] (archive.org)</ref>
==Naval service==
⚫
Guns were mounted on :
⚫
*[[HMS Alexandra (1875)|HMS Alexandra]] commissioned 1877
⚫
*[[HMS Temeraire (1876)|HMS Temeraire]] commissioned 1877


==Ammunition==
== Naval service ==
⚫
Guns were mounted on:
⚫
The gun's primary projectile was 536 - 543 pound "[[Palliser shot|Palliser]]" armour-piercing shot, which were fired with a "Battering charge" of 85 pounds of [[British ordnance terms#Gunpowder|"P" (gunpowder)]] or 70 pounds of [[British ordnance terms#Gunpowder|"R.L.G." (gunpowder)]] for maximum velocity and hence penetrating power. [[Shrapnel shell|Shrapnel]] and [[British ordnance terms#Common Shell|Common]] (exploding) shells weighed 532 - 536 pounds and were fired with a "Full charge" of 60 pounds "P" or 50 pounds [[British ordnance terms#Gunpowder|"R.L.G."]].<ref>Treatise on Ammunition 1877, pages 191,194, 205, 220</ref>
⚫
* [[HMS Alexandra (1875)|HMS ''Alexandra'']], commissioned 1877.
⚫
* [[HMS Temeraire (1876)|HMS ''Temeraire'']], commissioned 1877.


==See also==
== Ammunition ==
When the gun was first introduced projectiles had several rows of "studs" which engaged with the gun's rifling to impart spin. Sometime after 1878, "[[Gas-checks in British RML heavy guns#Attached Gas-Checks|attached gas-checks]]" were fitted to the bases of the studded shells, reducing wear on the guns and improving their range and accuracy. Subsequently, "[[Gas-checks in British RML heavy guns#Automatic Gas-Checks|automatic gas-checks]]" were developed which could rotate shells, allowing the deployment of a new range of studless ammunition. Thus, any particular gun potentially operated with a mix of studded and studless ammunition.
⚫
*[[List of naval guns]]


⚫
The gun's primary projectile was {{convert|536-543|lb|kg|abbr=on}} "[[Palliser shot|Palliser]]" armour-piercing shot, which were fired with a "Battering charge" of {{convert|85|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of [[British ordnance terms#Gunpowder|"P" (gunpowder)]] or {{convert|70|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of [[British ordnance terms#Gunpowder|"R.L.G." (gunpowder)]] for maximum velocity and hence penetrating power. [[Shrapnel shell|Shrapnel]] and [[British ordnance terms#Common Shell|Common]] (exploding) shells weighed {{convert|532-536|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and were fired with a "Full charge" of {{convert|60|lb|kg|abbr=on}} "P" or {{convert|50|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[British ordnance terms#Gunpowder|"R.L.G."]].<ref>Treatise on Ammunition 1877, pages 191,194, 205, 220</ref>
⚫
==Surviving examples==

== See also ==
⚫
* [[List of naval guns]]

⚫
== Surviving examples ==
[[File:11inch muzzle loading rifled gun(1871)mk2.jpg|thumb|left|Mk II gun at [[Fort Nelson, Portsmouth]], UK]]
[[File:11inch muzzle loading rifled gun(1871)mk2.jpg|thumb|left|Mk II gun at [[Fort Nelson, Portsmouth]], UK]]
[[File:RML 11 inch 25 ton gun at Fort George in Bermuda.jpg|thumb|left|RML 11 inch 25 ton gun at [[Fort George, Bermuda|Fort George]] in [[St. George's, Bermuda|St. George's]], [[Bermuda]].]]
[[File:RML 11-inch 25-ton gun at Fort George in Bermuda.jpg|thumb|RML 11-inch 25-ton gun at [[Fort George, Bermuda|Fort George]] in [[St. George's, Bermuda|St. George's]], Bermuda.]]
⚫
* Two Mark II guns, number 12 and 14 at [http://www.bermuda-attractions.com/bermuda_000278.htm Fort George, Bermuda] : [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/art/gal1.htm]
* A Mark II gun at [[Fort Nelson, Portsmouth]], UK
* Mark II gun number 30 at [[Fort Nelson, Portsmouth]], UK
⚫
* At [http://www.bermuda-attractions.com/bermuda_000278.htm Fort George, Bermuda] : [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/art/gal1.htm]
* Three Mark II guns on [[Drake's Island]], Plymouth, UK
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/143853380@N04/36140574225/in/photolist-X4BTAH-8VoDrB-NZ8zM7-eFAiZK-2CYXq3-9utmVW-fLCnC9-nxWQJa-nkyHJa-YznvVQ-fLg5Je-abj4Rg-es6Lmb-xnGs-5xgRja-q93yLM-Xr8NiS-qCRxeN-abj3Gc-ar5hfB-3pChMZ-KaybUx-mwGzH-4aML5T-8Wa8rk-Y5z4f9-X9kP61-nARzEi-VLQqsE-SvD41V-grAMDm-ST2315-8ynepm-8cTe1u-8S1i4r-SebgKT-F8fJ2F-dVadbX-7NUGUR-8U9FUc-2Z7AH2-76Rbfb-nq5d5y-8K1d4H-D3zGtn-89E3Qe-5wTeZ4-e7Bzio-abmXFY-4GA16L Four guns outside] [[Fort Saint Elmo]], Malta
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/9977224@N06/27038599056/in/album-72157602244741520 Mark II gun dated 1871 outside] [[Fort St. Catherine]], Bermuda
{{clear left}}
{{clear left}}


==Notes==
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
== References ==
*[http://download404.mediafire.com/lwwy9ytbtzeg/5zhwmwn41lg/Treatise+on+ammunition+1877.pdf Treatise on Ammunition. War Office, UK, 1877]
* [http://download404.mediafire.com/lwwy9ytbtzeg/5zhwmwn41lg/Treatise+on+ammunition+1877.pdf Treatise on Ammunition. War Office, UK, 1877]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.archive.org/details/treatiseonconst00offigoog Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877]
* [https://archive.org/details/treatiseonconst00offigoog Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877]
*[http://www.archive.org/details/treatiseonconst00owengoog Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service. War Office, UK, 1879]
* [https://archive.org/details/treatiseonconst00owengoog Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service. War Office, UK, 1879]
*[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll11,222 Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE]
* [http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll11,222 Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121204140418/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll11,222 |date=2012-12-04 }}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{commons category|RML 11 inch 25 ton gun}}
{{Commons category|RML 11 inch 25 ton gun}}
* [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/art/11rml1.htm 11inch or 12inch R.M.L. of 25tons on 'C' Pivot Mark I]
* [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/art/11rml1.htm 11inch or 12inch R.M.L. of 25tons on 'C' Pivot Mark I]
{{VictorianEraBritishNavalWeapons}}
{{VictorianEraBritishNavalWeapons}}


[[Category:Naval guns of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Naval guns of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:280 mm artillery]]
[[Category:280&nbsp;mm artillery]]
[[Category:Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Coastal artillery]]
[[Category:Coastal artillery]]
[[Category:Disappearing guns]]

[[de:RML 11-inch-gun]]

Latest revision as of 00:23, 2 October 2023

Ordnance RML 11-inch 25-ton gun
Disappearing gun on HMS Temeraire in firing position
TypeNaval gun
Coast defence gun
Service history
In service1867–1903
Used byRoyal Navy
WarsBombardment of Alexandria
Production history
ManufacturerRoyal Arsenal
Unit cost£1,589 (18751)[1]
VariantsMk I, Mk II
Specifications
Mass25 long tons (25,000 kg)
Barrel length145 inches (3.7 m) (bore + chamber)[2]
Shell532 to 543 pounds (241.3 to 246.3 kg) Palliser, Common, Shrapnel
Calibre11-inch (279.4 mm)
Muzzle velocity1,360 feet per second (410 m/s)[3]

RML 11-inch 25-ton guns were large rifled muzzle-loading guns used as primary armament on British battleships and for coastal defence. They were effectively the same gun as the RML 12-inch 25-ton gun, bored to 11 inches instead of 12.

Design

[edit]
Mark I & II gun construction

Mark I was introduced in 1867. Mark II was introduced in 1871 using the simpler and cheaper "Fraser" gun construction method which had proved successful with the RML 9-inch 12-ton Mk IV gun. [4]

In 1874 the process of development made a "New Eighty-one Ton Gun" available in Woolwich.[5]

[edit]

Guns were mounted on:

Ammunition

[edit]

When the gun was first introduced projectiles had several rows of "studs" which engaged with the gun's rifling to impart spin. Sometime after 1878, "attached gas-checks" were fitted to the bases of the studded shells, reducing wear on the guns and improving their range and accuracy. Subsequently, "automatic gas-checks" were developed which could rotate shells, allowing the deployment of a new range of studless ammunition. Thus, any particular gun potentially operated with a mix of studded and studless ammunition.

The gun's primary projectile was 536–543 lb (243–246 kg) "Palliser" armour-piercing shot, which were fired with a "Battering charge" of 85 lb (39 kg) of "P" (gunpowder) or 70 lb (32 kg) of "R.L.G." (gunpowder) for maximum velocity and hence penetrating power. Shrapnel and Common (exploding) shells weighed 532–536 lb (241–243 kg) and were fired with a "Full charge" of 60 lb (27 kg) "P" or 50 lb (23 kg) "R.L.G.".[6]

See also

[edit]

Surviving examples

[edit]
Mk II gun at Fort Nelson, Portsmouth, UK
RML 11-inch 25-ton gun at Fort George in St. George's, Bermuda.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance 1877, page 292
  3. ^ MV of 1,360 feet/second firing 543-pound 2-oz projectile with "Battering charge" of 85 pounds "P" (gunpowder) is quoted in "Text Book of Gunnery 1887" Table XVI.
  4. ^ Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance, 1879, page 281-282
  5. ^ Scientific American: Eight-one-ton gun, Mai 30, 1874, page 338 online (archive.org)
  6. ^ Treatise on Ammunition 1877, pages 191,194, 205, 220

References

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to RML 11 inch 25 ton gun.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RML_11-inch_25-ton_gun&oldid=1178171229"