SNCF Class BB 36000: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|French electric locomotive}} |
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{{Infobox locomotive |
{{Infobox locomotive |
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|name = SNCF BB 36000<br>Astride |
|name = SNCF BB 36000<br />Astride |
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|powertype = Electric |
|powertype = Electric |
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|image = 100 1047.jpg |
|image = 100 1047.jpg |
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|axleload = |
|axleload = |
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|wheeldiameter = {{convert|1150|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}‡ |
|wheeldiameter = {{convert|1150|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}‡ |
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|bogies = ''bogie centre distance:''<br> {{convert|19.110|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}‡<br>''bogie wheelbase:''<br> {{convert|3.000|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}‡ |
|bogies = ''bogie centre distance:''<br /> {{convert|19.110|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}‡<br />''bogie wheelbase:''<br /> {{convert|3.000|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}‡ |
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|locoweight = {{convert|90|t}} |
|locoweight = {{convert|90|t}} |
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|electricsystem = [[Overhead line|Catenary]]<br>[[25 kV 50 Hz AC]],<br> |
|electricsystem = [[Overhead line|Catenary]]<br />[[25 kV 50 Hz AC]],<br /> 1.5 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]]<br /> 3 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]] |
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| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]] |
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]] |
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|enginetype = |
|enginetype = |
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|maxspeed = {{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} |
|maxspeed = {{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} |
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|poweroutput = {{convert|5600|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Continuous<br>{{convert|6000|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Max.* |
|poweroutput = {{convert|5600|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Continuous<br />{{convert|6000|kW|hp|abbr=on}} Max.* |
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|operator = |
|operator = |
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|tractiveeffort =''starting :'' {{convert|320|kN|abbr=on}}<br>''continuous:'' {{convert|285|kN|abbr=on}} @ {{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} |
|tractiveeffort =''starting :'' {{convert|320|kN|abbr=on}}<br />''continuous:'' {{convert|285|kN|abbr=on}} @ {{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} |
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|tractionmotors = 4 [[Induction motor|asynchronous motors]] |
|tractionmotors = 4 [[Induction motor|asynchronous motors]] |
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|numinclass = |
|numinclass = |
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|trainbrakes = |
|trainbrakes = |
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|multipleworking = BB 36300 subtype only |
|multipleworking = BB 36300 subtype only |
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|locale = BB 36000 France and Belgium<br>BB 36300 France and Italy |
|locale = BB 36000 France and Belgium<br />BB 36300 France and Italy |
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|locobrakes = Electrodynamic - regenerative and rheostatic ({{convert|2950|kW|abbr=on|disp=or}}) |
|locobrakes = Electrodynamic - regenerative and rheostatic ({{convert|2950|kW|abbr=on|disp=or}}) |
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|firstrundate = |
|firstrundate = |
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|fleetnumbers = 36001–36030<br>36331–36060 |
|fleetnumbers = 36001–36030<br />36331–36060 |
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|nicknames = |
|nicknames = |
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|disposition = In service |
|disposition = In service |
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|safety = [[Contrôle de vitesse par balises|KVB]], RPS, [[ |
|safety = [[Contrôle de vitesse par balises|KVB]], RPS, [[GSM-R|GSMR radio]]<br />Memor (Belgium)<br />RSC, [[Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno|SCMT]] (Italy) |
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|notes = Sources :<ref>Source: |
|notes = Sources :<ref>Source: |
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*{{citation| url = http://www.akiem.com/web/docs/fiches/20110505-96-BB36000%20ALSTOM_FR%20v2.2.pdf| title = BB 36000 - ASTRIDE| work = |
*{{citation| url = http://www.akiem.com/web/docs/fiches/20110505-96-BB36000%20ALSTOM_FR%20v2.2.pdf| title = BB 36000 - ASTRIDE| work = akiem.com| publisher = [[Akiem]]| language = fr| access-date = 13 July 2011| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110909173111/http://www.akiem.com/web/docs/fiches/20110505-96-BB36000%20ALSTOM_FR%20v2.2.pdf| archive-date = 9 September 2011}} |
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*{{citation| url = http://www.akiem.com/web/docs/fiches/20100801-01-BB36000%20ALSTOM_FR%20v2.0.pdf| title = BB 36000 / 36300 - ASTRIDE| work = |
*{{citation| url = http://www.akiem.com/web/docs/fiches/20100801-01-BB36000%20ALSTOM_FR%20v2.0.pdf| title = BB 36000 / 36300 - ASTRIDE| work = akiem.com| publisher = [[Akiem]]| access-date = 13 July 2011| language = fr| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120318040724/http://www.akiem.com/web/docs/fiches/20100801-01-BB36000%20ALSTOM_FR%20v2.0.pdf| archive-date = 18 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="or">{{citation|url=http://fc30.pagesperso-orange.fr/sncf/locomotives/36000.htm|title = BB 36000, 36200 & 36300| work = fc30.pagesperso-orange.fr|language=fr|publisher = Trains d'Europe}}</ref> ''except'' †,<ref name="flor">{{cite web|url=http://florent.brisou.pagesperso-orange.fr/Fiche%20BB36000.htm| title = BB 36000| work = florent.brisou.pagesperson-orange.fr (RAIL 21)|language=fr|author = Florent Brisou}}</ref> ‡,<ref>Jean-Marc Allenbach ''et al''; Traction électrique, p. 324</ref> *<ref>{{citation| url =http://documents.epfl.ch/users/a/al/allenbac/www/documents/Fich0515.pdf| title = BoBo SNCF 436000 (Spec Sheet) |language = fr| work = documents.epfl.ch| author = Jean-Marc Allenbach}}</ref> |
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}} |
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The '''SNCF Class BB 36000''' locomotives (named '''''Astride''''') are a class of triple voltage 4 axle [[Bo-Bo|twin bogie]] [[electric locomotive]]s built by [[GEC-Alsthom]] (later [[Alstom]]) between 1996 and 2001 for [[SNCF]]. |
The '''SNCF Class BB 36000''' locomotives (named '''''Astride''''') are a class of triple voltage 4 axle [[Bo-Bo|twin bogie]] [[electric locomotive]]s built by [[GEC-Alsthom]] (later [[Alstom]]) between 1996 and 2001 for [[SNCF]] (similar to [[Bombardier–Alstom HHP-8]]). |
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Sixty units were built, with thirty units later converted to subclasses '''''36200''''', and '''''36300''''' - locomotives with additional safety equipment for cross border trains between France and Italy. As of 2012 there are 30 units of the original 36000 class and 30 units of the 36300 subtype. Locomotives operating in Italy have been given the Italian designation '''''FS Class E436'''''. |
Sixty units were built, with thirty units later converted to subclasses '''''36200''''', and '''''36300''''' - locomotives with additional safety equipment for cross border trains between France and Italy. As of 2012 there are 30 units of the original 36000 class and 30 units of the 36300 subtype. Locomotives operating in Italy have been given the Italian designation '''''FS Class E436'''''. |
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===Background and design=== |
===Background and design=== |
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The first 30 locomotives of Class BB 36000 were built as a result of a modification of an order for 264 of the dual voltage [[SNCF Class BB 26000]] (Sybic); instead only 234 Sybics were built, the last 30 of the order were instead built as a triple voltage design capable of also operating under 3 kV DC with a different electric motor type (AC induction) and newer [[power semiconductor device]] technology ([[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]] type);<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books? |
The first 30 locomotives of Class BB 36000 were built as a result of a modification of an order for 264 of the dual voltage [[SNCF Class BB 26000]] (Sybic); instead only 234 Sybics were built, the last 30 of the order were instead built as a triple voltage design capable of also operating under 3 kV DC with a different electric motor type (AC induction) and newer [[power semiconductor device]] technology ([[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]] type);<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hhWAAAAMAAJ|title=The Railway magazine|volume= 142|publisher=IPC Business Press|year=1996|page=70}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Jane's World Railways 1998-99|author=Ken Harris|author2=Tony Pattison|publisher=Janes Information Group|year=1998|page=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ylM9AQAAIAAJ|isbn=9780710618139}}</ref> the multi-voltage specifications came from an expected increase in cross-border traffic, as encouraged by the [[European Union]]'s specification of "freight corridors".<ref name="tv">Alain Jeunesse ''et al''; La BB36000 : la locomotive multitension européenne</ref> The locomotives were designed to achieve the same traction performance when operated under 25 kV AC, and 3 and 1.5 kV DC;<ref name="bf">{{citation| author = Victor Sabaté| title =Traction électrique ferroviaire| chapter = 6. Moteur asynchrone|publisher=Ed. Techniques Ingénieur|year=1999|at=Section 6.4.3 Locomotive BB 36000|language=fr}}</ref> Other design features required or introduced were conformity with European [[Electromagnetic compatibility|electromagnetic interference standard]] EN 50121, increased energy efficiency (using regenerative braking), water cooled power electronics,<ref group="note">Use of [[freon]] based coolants as used on the [[SNCF Class BB 26000|SNCF BB 26000]] had been limited by the [[Montreal Convention]].</ref> and (partial) redundancy of components on failure, and improved maintainability.<ref name="tv"/> |
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The locomotives were given the name '''''Astride''''', derived from ''Asynchrone Tri-system Drive Engine'',<ref name="rc2">{{citation|url= http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1409415&lang=1| work = |
The locomotives were given the name '''''Astride''''', derived from ''Asynchrone Tri-system Drive Engine'',<ref name="rc2">{{citation|url= http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1409415&lang=1| work = railcolor.net| title = 1996: Astride and its derivates}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The acroynimics "Asytric'" (''Asynchronous tricourant'') and "Asytrit" (''Asynchronous tritension'') have also been used.<ref name="rc2"/><ref name="asy1">{{citation|url = http://uxtobirza.free.fr/trains/voir_loco.php?Classe=BB%2036000|title = BB 36000|language = fr| work=uxtobirza.free.fr| author = Jacques Chevalier}}</ref>|group="note"}} the external design was by MDB design.<ref>{{citation| url = http://www.mbd-design.fr/lg_gb/transport/T402.php?cat=2&id=1| title = BB36000| work = mbd-design.fr| publisher = MBD Design| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120316164617/http://www.mbd-design.fr/lg_gb/transport/T402.php?cat=2&id=1| archive-date = 16 March 2012}}</ref> |
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When powered by a 25 kV AC overhead supply, the primary winding of |
When powered by a 25 kV AC overhead supply, the primary winding of a {{convert|5.76|MW|abbr=on}} [[electrical transformer]] is connected to the 25 kV 50 Hz supply; with equivalent outputs on four secondary windings.<ref>Alain Jeunesse, et al; La BB 36000, une locomotive "passe frontières"</ref> Each secondary winding supplies 1450 V AC which is rectified,{{#tag:ref|Switched power electronics performing [[Pulse-width modulation]] at ~300Hz was used in the rectification stage allowing voltage control; these power electronic devices are reconfigured as [[chopper (electronics)|choppers]] when operating under DC supply, and used to raise the voltage as part of a [[DC-to-DC converter|DC-DC converter]] when under 1500 V DC supply.<ref name="tv"/>|group="note"|name="ch"}} and the outputs connected in parallel to a smoothed 2.8 kV intermediate DC link supplying four parallel-connected [[inverter (electrical)|inverters]], each of which individually drives a traction motor.<ref name="bf"/><ref name="j325">Jean-Marc Allenbach ''et al''; Traction électrique, pp. 325–7</ref> |
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When operating under a DC supply, the electrical circuit is configured with two separate intermediate 2.8 kV DC links, one per bogie; each DC bus powers two parallel-connected inverters, one for each traction motor. When powered |
When operating under a DC supply, the electrical circuit is configured with two separate intermediate 2.8 kV DC links, one per bogie; each DC bus powers two parallel-connected inverters, one for each traction motor. When powered from 1.5 kV DC, [[Chopper (electronics)|choppers]] are used to step up the voltage to 2.8 kV,<ref group="note" name="ch"/> under 3 kV supply the circuit is re-used with the connection of the [[DC-to-DC converter|DC-DC converter]]'s [[inductor]]s reconfigured.<ref name="tv"/><ref name="bf"/><ref name="j325"/> |
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The four electric [[traction motor]]s are force-ventilated, 2070 V (phase difference) 600 A three-phase induction motors weighing {{convert|2.550|t|abbr=on}}; the motors have |
The four electric [[traction motor]]s are force-ventilated, 2070 V (phase difference) 600 A three-phase induction motors weighing {{convert|2.550|t|abbr=on}}; the motors have integrated reduction gear and are bogie-mounted.<ref name="tv"/> Each of the [[traction motor]]s has a separate [[inverter (electrical)|inverter]]. Dynamic rheostatic electrical braking effort is dissipated through electronically switched resistances connected to the DC link. A maximum braking force of {{convert|130|kN|abbr=on}} is achieved from {{convert|30|to|80|km/h|mph}}, above {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}} electric braking is limited to {{convert|2.96|MW|abbr=on}}. When operating under 25 kV AC, the electrical circuit allows [[regenerative braking]].<ref name="tv"/><ref name="bf"/><ref name="j325"/> |
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Auxiliary electrical supply is taken via a step-down chopper to a 525 V DC supply; there are four {{convert|75|kW|abbr=on}} (380 V max) three-phase inverters. Two of them supply variable speed and voltage power for cooling fans for the traction motors, transformer, rheostatic brake, locomotive main electronics block. Another one supplies fixed voltage and frequency (air compressor, oil pumps, other loads), the inverters are switchable with one unit providing redundancy. Additionally there are two 72 V 40 A inverters for battery charging.<ref name="tv"/> |
Auxiliary electrical supply is taken via a step-down chopper to a 525 V DC supply; there are four {{convert|75|kW|abbr=on}} (380 V max) three-phase inverters. Two of them supply variable speed and voltage power for cooling fans for the traction motors, transformer, rheostatic brake, locomotive main electronics block. Another one supplies fixed voltage and frequency (air compressor, oil pumps, other loads), the inverters are switchable with one unit providing redundancy. Additionally there are two 72 V 40 A inverters for battery charging.<ref name="tv"/> |
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===Subclasses and operations=== |
===Subclasses and operations=== |
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[[File:BB 36055 Chambéry.jpg|thumb|SNCF 36055|left]] |
[[File:BB 36055 Chambéry.jpg|thumb|SNCF 36055|left]] |
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An additional thirty units were ordered by SNCF in addition to the modified ''Sybic'' order. Sixty locomotives were delivered between 1997 and 2002; numbered BB36001 to BB36060. BB36001 to BB36030 received a red livery, and were primarily used for trains to Belgium. The remainder received a green freight livery, and were mainly used for trains to Italy.<ref name="or"/><ref name="rc1"/> At the same time the closely similar [[SNCB Class 13]] and [[CFL Class 3000]] for Belgium and Luxembourg were manufactured.<ref name="rc1">{{citation| url = http://217.128.43.205/www.railcolor.net/PRIMA/start.html| publisher = |
An additional thirty units were ordered by SNCF in addition to the modified ''Sybic'' order. Sixty locomotives were delivered between 1997 and 2002; numbered BB36001 to BB36060. BB36001 to BB36030 received a red livery, and were primarily used for trains to Belgium. The remainder received a green freight livery, and were mainly used for trains to Italy.<ref name="or"/><ref name="rc1"/> At the same time the closely similar [[SNCB Class 13]] and [[CFL Class 3000]] for Belgium and Luxembourg were manufactured.<ref name="rc1">{{citation| url = http://217.128.43.205/www.railcolor.net/PRIMA/start.html| publisher = railcolor.net| title = (none)| quote = This section presents you all the electric locomotives, based on the PRIMA product platform, built by Alstom Transportation in Belfort since 1999| at = Prima predecessors , The BB36000 opens the first borders in France| access-date = 1 February 2012| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120220031952/http://217.128.43.205/www.railcolor.net/PRIMA/start.html| archive-date = 20 February 2012}}</ref> |
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The class were designed as mixed-use locomotive, and were to be used [[Nightstar (train)|Nightstar]] cross-channel passenger sleeper services (cancelled 1997/9).<ref name="rc3">{{citation| url = http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1409416&lang=1| |
The class were designed as mixed-use locomotive, and were to be used [[Nightstar (train)|Nightstar]] cross-channel passenger sleeper services (cancelled 1997/9).<ref name="rc3">{{citation| url = http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1409416&lang=1| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131012175922/http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1409416&lang=1| url-status = dead| archive-date = 12 October 2013| work = railcolor.net| title = SNCF BB 36000 Astride| access-date = 7 March 2012}} </ref> |
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In July 2010 the locomotives numbered 36001 to 36030 were transferred to SNCF's rolling stock leasing subsidiary [[Akiem]].<ref name="rc3"/> |
In July 2010 the locomotives numbered 36001 to 36030 were transferred to SNCF's rolling stock leasing subsidiary [[Akiem]].<ref name="rc3"/> |
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Since 2003, rolling road trains (operated by [[Trenitalia]] / [[SNCF Geodis]] subsidiary AFA ''[[Autostrada Ferroviaria Alpina]]'') have been hauled by Astride units between [[Aiton, Savoie]], France and [[Orbassano]], Italy using [[Modalohr]] wagons.<ref>Sources: |
Since 2003, rolling road trains (operated by [[Trenitalia]] / [[SNCF Geodis]] subsidiary AFA ''[[Autostrada Ferroviaria Alpina]]'') have been hauled by Astride units between [[Aiton, Savoie]], France and [[Orbassano]], Italy using [[Modalohr]] wagons.<ref>Sources: |
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*{{citation| |
*{{citation| chapter-url = http://www.notav.eu/modules/Zina//Documenti/00-Quaderni%20osservatorio/01-Quaderno%201/Q01_2b_Audiz_Cinquegrani.pdf| chapter = La Linea Storica e l’Autostrada ferroviaria| url = http://www.ambientevalsusa.it/quaderni/Quaderno1.pdf| title = Quaderni. 01. Linea Storica Tratta di valico| publisher = Osservatorio collegamento ferroviario Torino-Lione| pages = 69–73}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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*{{citation| url = http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/flash/archives/flash13.pdf| title = AFA, |
*{{citation| url = http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/flash/archives/flash13.pdf| title = AFA, l'espoir d'un été| date = 22 September 2005| page = 8| number = 13| author = Cyril Chatellier| journal = Le Flash de 36000 × 2 = 72000 (October 2005)| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110302040223/http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/flash/archives/flash13.pdf| archive-date = 2 March 2011}} |
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*{{citation| url = http://www.cargo.trenitalia.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=634a872304fda110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD| title = AFA - Cargo| work = |
*{{citation| url = http://www.cargo.trenitalia.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=634a872304fda110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD| title = AFA - Cargo| work = cargo.trenitalia.it| publisher = Trenitalia}}</ref> The class had reliability problems, with an availability of 80%, and an incident rate of 23 per million km in 2005.<ref>{{citation| url = http://portail.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/documents/cgedd/004580-01.pdf| work = portail.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr|title= Rapport d'enquette sur l'évaluation de l'autoroute ferroviare alpine| author = Noël de Saint Pugent| author2= Jacques Pellegrin| date = May 2006|publisher = Portail documentaire du Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable, des Transports et du Logement|pages = 7, 25–6}}</ref> As part of the joint venture Trenitalia acquired numbers 36339 and 36348 for AFA.<ref name="rc3"/> |
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Locomotives operating in Italy for [[SNCF Fret]]'s Italian subsidiary 'Monferail' were given the Italian numbering '''''E 436'''''.<ref name="rc3"/><ref>{{citation| url = http://www.icrs.org.uk/Site/Download_Files/European%20News/European%20News%20July%202009.pdf| title =July 2009: European News |at = News |
Locomotives operating in Italy for [[SNCF Fret]]'s Italian subsidiary 'Monferail' were given the Italian numbering '''''E 436'''''.<ref name="rc3"/><ref>{{citation| url = http://www.icrs.org.uk/Site/Download_Files/European%20News/European%20News%20July%202009.pdf| title =July 2009: European News |at = News of 4 July 2009 : Italy| author = Robert Brown|work = icrs.og.uk}}{{deadlink|date=September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{citation| url = http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/flash/archives/flash15.pdf| journal = Le Flash de 36000 × 2 = 72000 (April 2006)| date = 28 March 2006| number = 15| title = Grand remue-méninges chez les BB 36300| author = Jérome Tisseyre| pages = 5–6}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[SNCB Class 13]] of the Belgian Railways and [[CFL Class 3000]] of the Luxembourg Railway are closely related to the BB 36000 class, sharing common bogies, frames, and mechanical equipment. |
*[[SNCB Class 13]] of the Belgian Railways and [[CFL Class 3000]] of the Luxembourg Railway are closely related to the BB 36000 class, sharing common bogies, frames, and mechanical equipment. |
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*[[HHP-8]] locomotives |
*[[HHP-8]] locomotives use electrical equipment directly derived from the ''Astride'' class.<ref name="j325"/> |
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* [[Modalohr]] |
* [[Modalohr]] |
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===Sources=== |
===Sources=== |
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*{{citation|language= |
*{{citation|language=fr| journal = Revue de l'électricité et de l'électronique (REE)|number =9| title = La BB36000 : la locomotive multitension européenne : L'électricité dans le ferroviaire |trans-title=The BB36000 : A multi-voltage locomotive for Europe : Electricity in rail transport| date = 18 March 1998|author = Alain Jeunesse| author2 = Marc Debruyne|pages = 71–91|publisher=Société de l'Electricité, de l'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (SEE)| issn= 1265-6534 |url= http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1605641| doi = 10.3845/ree.1998.097}} |
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**''reproduced via: '' {{citation|language= |
**''reproduced via: '' {{citation|language=fr| title = La BB36000 : la locomotive multitension européenne |trans-title=The BB36000 : A multi-voltage locomotive for Europe |author = Alain Jeunesse| author2 = Marc Debruyne|url =http://www.emdx.org/rail/BB36000/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20010424040314/http://www.emdx.org/rail/BB36000/| archive-date=24 April 2001| work = emdx.org}} |
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*{{ |
*{{cite book|language=fr| journal = La revue 3E.I|number =19| title = La traction électrique férroviaire| date = December 1999|author = Alain Jeunesse| author2 = Marc Debruyne|pages= 23–34| chapter = La BB 36000, une locomotive "passe frontières"|chapter-url= http://www.thierry-lequeu.fr/data/ART168.HTM| issn =1252-770X}} |
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*{{citation|title=Génération triphasé: BB 26000, 36000, 27000, 37000|series=Rail Passion Hors-Serie|date= July 2004| publisher =Éditions La Vie Du Rail|issn=1261-3665|pages=6–29|language= |
*{{citation|title=Génération triphasé: BB 26000, 36000, 27000, 37000|series=Rail Passion Hors-Serie|date= July 2004| publisher =Éditions La Vie Du Rail|issn=1261-3665|pages=6–29|language= fr}} |
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*{{citation| language = |
*{{citation| language = fr| title = Traction électrique| volume= 1| author = Jean-Marc Allenbach| author2 = Pierre Chapas| author3 = Michel Comte| author4 = Roger Kaller| publisher =[[Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes]]| year = 2008| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6hvjX-AtI-4C| isbn = 978-2-88074-674-2| pages =325–328}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|SNCF Class BB 36000}} |
{{Commons category|SNCF Class BB 36000}} |
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*{{citation| url = http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/index.html| title = 36000 x 2 = 72000| work = trains.pagesperso-orange.fr| editor = Jerome Tisseyre |
*{{citation| url = http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/index.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223133920/http://trains.pagesperso-orange.fr/astride36et72/index.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2010-12-23| title = 36000 x 2 = 72000| work = trains.pagesperso-orange.fr| editor = Jerome Tisseyre}} |
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*{{citation| url =http://www.rail.lu/materiel/sncf36000.html| title= Locomotive électrique SNCF - Série BB36000| work = |
*{{citation| url =http://www.rail.lu/materiel/sncf36000.html| title= Locomotive électrique SNCF - Série BB36000| work = rail.lu}} |
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{{SNCF locos}} |
{{SNCF locos}} |
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{{FS locos}} |
{{FS locos}} |
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[[Category:Alstom locomotives]] |
[[Category:Alstom locomotives]] |
Latest revision as of 18:02, 10 October 2023
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Sources :[1][2] except †,[3] ‡,[4] *[5] |
The SNCF Class BB 36000 locomotives (named Astride) are a class of triple voltage 4 axle twin bogie electric locomotives built by GEC-Alsthom (later Alstom) between 1996 and 2001 for SNCF (similar to Bombardier–Alstom HHP-8).
Sixty units were built, with thirty units later converted to subclasses 36200, and 36300 - locomotives with additional safety equipment for cross border trains between France and Italy. As of 2012 there are 30 units of the original 36000 class and 30 units of the 36300 subtype. Locomotives operating in Italy have been given the Italian designation FS Class E436.
The subgroup 36001-36030 operates mostly on French-Belgian freight corridors.[citation needed]
History
[edit]Background and design
[edit]The first 30 locomotives of Class BB 36000 were built as a result of a modification of an order for 264 of the dual voltage SNCF Class BB 26000 (Sybic); instead only 234 Sybics were built, the last 30 of the order were instead built as a triple voltage design capable of also operating under 3 kV DC with a different electric motor type (AC induction) and newer power semiconductor device technology (GTO type);[6][7] the multi-voltage specifications came from an expected increase in cross-border traffic, as encouraged by the European Union's specification of "freight corridors".[8] The locomotives were designed to achieve the same traction performance when operated under 25 kV AC, and 3 and 1.5 kV DC;[9] Other design features required or introduced were conformity with European electromagnetic interference standard EN 50121, increased energy efficiency (using regenerative braking), water cooled power electronics,[note 1] and (partial) redundancy of components on failure, and improved maintainability.[8]
The locomotives were given the name Astride, derived from Asynchrone Tri-system Drive Engine,[10][note 2] the external design was by MDB design.[12]
When powered by a 25 kV AC overhead supply, the primary winding of a 5.76 MW (7,720 hp) electrical transformer is connected to the 25 kV 50 Hz supply; with equivalent outputs on four secondary windings.[13] Each secondary winding supplies 1450 V AC which is rectified,[note 3] and the outputs connected in parallel to a smoothed 2.8 kV intermediate DC link supplying four parallel-connected inverters, each of which individually drives a traction motor.[9][14]
When operating under a DC supply, the electrical circuit is configured with two separate intermediate 2.8 kV DC links, one per bogie; each DC bus powers two parallel-connected inverters, one for each traction motor. When powered from 1.5 kV DC, choppers are used to step up the voltage to 2.8 kV,[note 3] under 3 kV supply the circuit is re-used with the connection of the DC-DC converter's inductors reconfigured.[8][9][14]
The four electric traction motors are force-ventilated, 2070 V (phase difference) 600 A three-phase induction motors weighing 2.550 t (2.510 long tons; 2.811 short tons); the motors have integrated reduction gear and are bogie-mounted.[8] Each of the traction motors has a separate inverter. Dynamic rheostatic electrical braking effort is dissipated through electronically switched resistances connected to the DC link. A maximum braking force of 130 kN (29,000 lbf) is achieved from 30 to 80 kilometres per hour (19 to 50 mph), above 80 km/h (50 mph) electric braking is limited to 2.96 MW (3,970 hp). When operating under 25 kV AC, the electrical circuit allows regenerative braking.[8][9][14]
Auxiliary electrical supply is taken via a step-down chopper to a 525 V DC supply; there are four 75 kW (101 hp) (380 V max) three-phase inverters. Two of them supply variable speed and voltage power for cooling fans for the traction motors, transformer, rheostatic brake, locomotive main electronics block. Another one supplies fixed voltage and frequency (air compressor, oil pumps, other loads), the inverters are switchable with one unit providing redundancy. Additionally there are two 72 V 40 A inverters for battery charging.[8]
Subclasses and operations
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/BB_36055_Chamb%C3%A9ry.jpg/220px-BB_36055_Chamb%C3%A9ry.jpg)
An additional thirty units were ordered by SNCF in addition to the modified Sybic order. Sixty locomotives were delivered between 1997 and 2002; numbered BB36001 to BB36060. BB36001 to BB36030 received a red livery, and were primarily used for trains to Belgium. The remainder received a green freight livery, and were mainly used for trains to Italy.[2][15] At the same time the closely similar SNCB Class 13 and CFL Class 3000 for Belgium and Luxembourg were manufactured.[15]
The class were designed as mixed-use locomotive, and were to be used Nightstar cross-channel passenger sleeper services (cancelled 1997/9).[16]
In July 2010 the locomotives numbered 36001 to 36030 were transferred to SNCF's rolling stock leasing subsidiary Akiem.[16]
France-Italy
[edit]From 2003 locomotives were modified for work into Italy; two subclasses were created BB36200 and BB36300. 12 units of the BB36200 class were created, modified to allow multiple unit operation, and with fire extinguishers fitted. 8 units of the BB36300 subclass were created with the same modifications as the BB36200 plus the addition of the SAFI (Signal d'Alarme à Freinage Inhibable) safety system. Later, all BB36200s were converted to BB36300s, along with remaining units 36051 to 36060.[15][16]
Since 2003, rolling road trains (operated by Trenitalia / SNCF Geodis subsidiary AFA Autostrada Ferroviaria Alpina) have been hauled by Astride units between Aiton, Savoie, France and Orbassano, Italy using Modalohr wagons.[17] The class had reliability problems, with an availability of 80%, and an incident rate of 23 per million km in 2005.[18] As part of the joint venture Trenitalia acquired numbers 36339 and 36348 for AFA.[16]
Locomotives operating in Italy for SNCF Fret's Italian subsidiary 'Monferail' were given the Italian numbering E 436.[16][19][20]
See also
[edit]- SNCB Class 13 of the Belgian Railways and CFL Class 3000 of the Luxembourg Railway are closely related to the BB 36000 class, sharing common bogies, frames, and mechanical equipment.
- HHP-8 locomotives use electrical equipment directly derived from the Astride class.[14]
- Modalohr
Notes
[edit]- ^ Use of freon based coolants as used on the SNCF BB 26000 had been limited by the Montreal Convention.
- ^ The acroynimics "Asytric'" (Asynchronous tricourant) and "Asytrit" (Asynchronous tritension) have also been used.[10][11]
- ^ a b Switched power electronics performing Pulse-width modulation at ~300Hz was used in the rectification stage allowing voltage control; these power electronic devices are reconfigured as choppers when operating under DC supply, and used to raise the voltage as part of a DC-DC converter when under 1500 V DC supply.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Source:
- "BB 36000 - ASTRIDE" (PDF), akiem.com (in French), Akiem, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2011, retrieved 13 July 2011
- "BB 36000 / 36300 - ASTRIDE" (PDF), akiem.com (in French), Akiem, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2012, retrieved 13 July 2011
- ^ a b "BB 36000, 36200 & 36300", fc30.pagesperso-orange.fr (in French), Trains d'Europe
- ^ Florent Brisou. "BB 36000". florent.brisou.pagesperson-orange.fr (RAIL 21) (in French).
- ^ Jean-Marc Allenbach et al; Traction électrique, p. 324
- ^ Jean-Marc Allenbach, "BoBo SNCF 436000 (Spec Sheet)" (PDF), documents.epfl.ch (in French)
- ^ The Railway magazine, vol. 142, IPC Business Press, 1996, p. 70
- ^ Ken Harris; Tony Pattison (1998), Jane's World Railways 1998-99, Janes Information Group, p. 125, ISBN 9780710618139
- ^ a b c d e f g Alain Jeunesse et al; La BB36000 : la locomotive multitension européenne
- ^ a b c d Victor Sabaté (1999), "6. Moteur asynchrone", Traction électrique ferroviaire (in French), Ed. Techniques Ingénieur, Section 6.4.3 Locomotive BB 36000
- ^ a b "1996: Astride and its derivates", railcolor.net
- ^ Jacques Chevalier, "BB 36000", uxtobirza.free.fr (in French)
- ^ "BB36000", mbd-design.fr, MBD Design, archived from the original on 16 March 2012
- ^ Alain Jeunesse, et al; La BB 36000, une locomotive "passe frontières"
- ^ a b c d Jean-Marc Allenbach et al; Traction électrique, pp. 325–7
- ^ a b c (none), railcolor.net, Prima predecessors , The BB36000 opens the first borders in France, archived from the original on 20 February 2012, retrieved 1 February 2012,
This section presents you all the electric locomotives, based on the PRIMA product platform, built by Alstom Transportation in Belfort since 1999
- ^ a b c d e "SNCF BB 36000 Astride", railcolor.net, archived from the original on 12 October 2013, retrieved 7 March 2012
- ^ Sources:
- "La Linea Storica e l'Autostrada ferroviaria" (PDF), Quaderni. 01. Linea Storica Tratta di valico (PDF), Osservatorio collegamento ferroviario Torino-Lione, pp. 69–73[permanent dead link]
- Cyril Chatellier (22 September 2005), "AFA, l'espoir d'un été" (PDF), Le Flash de 36000 × 2 = 72000 (October 2005) (13): 8, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2011
- "AFA - Cargo", cargo.trenitalia.it, Trenitalia
- ^ Noël de Saint Pugent; Jacques Pellegrin (May 2006), "Rapport d'enquette sur l'évaluation de l'autoroute ferroviare alpine" (PDF), portail.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr, Portail documentaire du Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable, des Transports et du Logement, pp. 7, 25–6
- ^ Robert Brown, "July 2009: European News" (PDF), icrs.og.uk, News of 4 July 2009 : Italy[dead link]
- ^ Jérome Tisseyre (28 March 2006), "Grand remue-méninges chez les BB 36300" (PDF), Le Flash de 36000 × 2 = 72000 (April 2006) (15): 5–6[permanent dead link]
Sources
[edit]- Alain Jeunesse; Marc Debruyne (18 March 1998), "La BB36000 : la locomotive multitension européenne : L'électricité dans le ferroviaire" [The BB36000 : A multi-voltage locomotive for Europe : Electricity in rail transport], Revue de l'électricité et de l'électronique (REE) (in French) (9), Société de l'Electricité, de l'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (SEE): 71–91, doi:10.3845/ree.1998.097, ISSN 1265-6534
- reproduced via: Alain Jeunesse; Marc Debruyne, "La BB36000 : la locomotive multitension européenne" [The BB36000 : A multi-voltage locomotive for Europe], emdx.org (in French), archived from the original on 24 April 2001
- Alain Jeunesse; Marc Debruyne (December 1999). "La BB 36000, une locomotive "passe frontières"". La traction électrique férroviaire (in French). pp. 23–34. ISSN 1252-770X.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - Génération triphasé: BB 26000, 36000, 27000, 37000, Rail Passion Hors-Serie (in French), Éditions La Vie Du Rail, July 2004, pp. 6–29, ISSN 1261-3665
- Jean-Marc Allenbach; Pierre Chapas; Michel Comte; Roger Kaller (2008), Traction électrique (in French), vol. 1, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, pp. 325–328, ISBN 978-2-88074-674-2
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Jerome Tisseyre (ed.), "36000 x 2 = 72000", trains.pagesperso-orange.fr, archived from the original on 23 December 2010
- "Locomotive électrique SNCF - Série BB36000", rail.lu