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Coordinates: 8°7′56″S 78°59′41″W / 8.13222°S 78.99472°W / -8.13222; -78.99472
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{{short description|Archaeological site in Peru}}

{{More footnotes|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox protected area
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Huaca del Sol
| name = Huaca del Sol
Line 6: Line 9:
| photo_alt =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption =Panoramic view of temple or Huaca of the Sun
| photo_caption =Panoramic view of temple or Huaca of the Sun
| photo_width = 250px
| photo_width =
| map =
| map = Peru
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| map_width =
| location = {{PER}}
| location = {{PER}}
| nearest_city =[[File:Escudo de trujillo peru.svg|20px]][[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]]
| nearest_city = [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]]
| coords = {{wikidataCoord||dim:1km|format=dms|display=it}}
| lat_d = 8
| lat_m = 8
| lat_s = 5.93
| lat_NS = S
| long_d = 78
| long_m = 59
| long_s = 27.40
| long_EW = W
| coords = {{Coord|8|8|5.93|S|78|59|27.40|W|type:city|display=inline,title||source:frwiki}}
| coords_ref =
| coords_ref =
| region =
| region =
| area =
| area =
| established = [[Mochica]] era
| established = [[Moche (culture)|Mochica]] era
| visitation_num =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_year =
Line 33: Line 28:
}}
}}


[[Image:MuseoHuacasDeMoche.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Museum Huacas of Moche]]
[[Image:Huaca_del_Sol_southeast.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Huaca del Sol as seen from the southeast, with the Moche River delta beyond and city ruins in the foreground.]]
[[Image:Huaca_del_Sol_southeast.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Huaca del Sol as seen from the southeast, with the Moche River delta beyond and city ruins in the foreground.]]


The '''Huaca del Sol''' is an [[adobe]] brick temple built by the [[Moche]] civilization on the coast of what is now [[Peru]]. The temple is one of several ruins found near the peak of Cerro Blanco, in the coastal desert near [[Trujillo, Peru]]. The other major ruin at the site is the nearby [[Huaca de la Luna]], a better-preserved but smaller temple.
The '''Huaca del Sol''' is an [[adobe]] brick pyramid built by the [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] civilization (100 AD to 800 AD) on the northern coast of what is now [[Peru]]. The pyramid is one of several ruins found near the volcanic peak of [[Cerro Blanco (Peru)|Cerro Blanco]], in the coastal desert near [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]] at the Moche Valley. The other major ruin at the site is the nearby [[Huaca de la Luna]], a better-preserved but smaller temple.


By 450 CE, eight different stages of construction had been completed on the Huaca del Sol. The construction of the temple was additive; new layers of brick were laid directly on top of the old, hence large quantities of bricks were required for its construction. It has been estimated by archaeologists that the Huaca del Sol was composed of over 130 million adobe bricks and was the largest [[pre-Columbian]] adobe structure built in the Americas.<ref name="isbn0-8160-2581-9">{{cite book |author=Cameron, Ian |title=Kingdom of the Sun God: a history of the Andes and their people |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |year=1990 |page=43 |isbn=0-8160-2581-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> The number of different makers' marks on the bricks suggests that over a hundred different communities contributed bricks to the construction of the Huacas.
By 450 AD, eight different stages of construction had been completed on the Huaca del Sol. The technique was additive; new layers of brick were laid directly on top of the old, hence large quantities of bricks were required for the construction. Archeologists have estimated that the Huaca del Sol was composed of over 130 million adobe bricks and was the largest [[pre-Columbian]] adobe structure built in the Americas.<ref name="isbn0-8160-2581-9">{{cite book |author=Cameron, Ian |title=Kingdom of the Sun God: A History of the Andes and Their People |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |year=1990 |page=[https://archive.org/details/kingdomofsungodh00came/page/43 43] |isbn=0-8160-2581-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/kingdomofsungodh00came/page/43 }}</ref> The number of different makers' marks on the bricks suggests that over a hundred different communities contributed bricks to the construction of the Huacas.


The Huaca del Sol was composed of four main levels and the structure was expanded and rebuilt by different rulers over the course of time. Located at the center of the Moche capital city, archaeological evidence suggests that this temple was used for ritual activity and as a royal residence and burial chambers.
The Huaca del Sol was composed of four main levels. The structure was expanded and rebuilt by different rulers over the course of time. It is believed to have originally been about 50 meters in height and 340 m by 160 m at the base. Located at the center of the Moche capital city, the temple appears to have been used for ritual, ceremonial activities and as a royal residence and burial chambers. Archaeological evidence attests to these functions.


During the [[Spain|Spanish]] occupation of Peru in the early 17th century, the waters of the [[Moche River]] were redirected to run past the base of the Huaca del Sol in order to facilitate the looting of gold artifacts from the temple. The creation of this hydraulic mine greatly damaged the Huaca del Sol, and it is estimated that approximately two-thirds of the structure has been lost to erosion and looting. The remaining structure stands at a height of 41 meters (135 feet). It is believed to have originally been about 50 meters in height. Looting and erosion due to [[El Niño]] continue to be major concerns to this day.
During the [[Spain|Spanish]] occupation of Peru in the early 17th century, colonists redirected the waters of the [[Moche River]] to run past the base of the Huaca del Sol in order to facilitate the looting of gold artifacts from the temple. The operation of the hydraulic mine greatly damaged the Huaca del Sol. In total, approximately two-thirds of the structure has been lost to erosion and such looting. The remaining structure stands at a height of 41 meters (135 feet).


Looting and erosion due to [[El Niño]] continue to be major concerns to this day.
==Notes==
⚫
{{reflist}}

⚫
==References==
⚫
# ''Art of the Andes, from Chavin to Inca.'' Rebecca Stone-Miller, Thames and Hudson, 1995.
⚫
# ''The Incas and Their Ancestors: the archaeology of Peru.'' Michael E. Moseley, Thames and Hudson, 1992.


==See also==
==See also==
{{Commons|Huacas}}
{{Commons|Huacas}}
⚫
* [[Huaca de la Luna]]
* [[History of Peru]]
* [[History of Peru]]
* [[Pre-Inca cultures]]
* [[Pre-Inca cultures]]
* [[List of tallest structures built before the 20th century]]
⚫
* [[Huaca de la Luna]]

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
⚫
# ''Art of the Andes, from Chavin to Inca.'' Rebecca Stone-Miller, Thames and Hudson, 1995.
⚫
# ''The Incas and Their Ancestors: the archaeology of Peru.'' Michael E. Moseley, Thames and Hudson, 1992.
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.huacas.com/ www.huacas.com]
* [https://www.huacas.com/ www.huacas.com]
* [http://www.huacadelaluna.org.pe Sun and Moon Official Project information ]
* [https://www.huacasdemoche.pe/ Sun and Moon Temples], Official website
* [http://www.jqjacobs.net/archaeo/sites/huaca_del_sol.kmz Huaca del Sol placemarks] Google Earth .kmz
* [https://www.jqjacobs.net/archaeo/sites/huaca_del_sol.kmz Huaca del Sol placemarks] Google Earth .kmz


{{Archaeological sites in Peru}}
{{Archaeological sites in Peru}}


{{authority control}}
{{coord|8.135|S|78.991|W|display=title|source:dewiki}}


[[Category:Moche sites]]
[[Category:Moche sites]]
[[Category:Moche culture]]
[[Category:Moche culture]]
[[Category:Adobe buildings and structures]]

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Trujillo, Peru]]
[[de:Huaca del Sol]]
[[Category:Museums in Peru]]
[[es:Huacas del Sol y de la Luna]]
[[Category:Archaeological museums in Peru]]
[[fr:Huaca del Sol]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Peru]]
[[it:Huaca del Sol]]
[[he:ואקה דל סול]]
[[ka:უაკა-დელ-სოლი]]
[[mk:Храмот на сонцето]]
[[pt:Huacas del Sol y de la Luna]]
[[qu:Inti Wak'a]]

Latest revision as of 05:09, 12 October 2023

Huaca del Sol
Panoramic view of temple or Huaca of the Sun
Map showing the location of Huaca del Sol
Map showing the location of Huaca del Sol
Location Peru
Nearest cityTrujillo
Coordinates8°7′56″S 78°59′41″W / 8.13222°S 78.99472°W / -8.13222; -78.99472
EstablishedMochica era
Museum Huacas of Moche
Huaca del Sol as seen from the southeast, with the Moche River delta beyond and city ruins in the foreground.

The Huaca del Sol is an adobe brick pyramid built by the Moche civilization (100 AD to 800 AD) on the northern coast of what is now Peru. The pyramid is one of several ruins found near the volcanic peak of Cerro Blanco, in the coastal desert near Trujillo at the Moche Valley. The other major ruin at the site is the nearby Huaca de la Luna, a better-preserved but smaller temple.

By 450 AD, eight different stages of construction had been completed on the Huaca del Sol. The technique was additive; new layers of brick were laid directly on top of the old, hence large quantities of bricks were required for the construction. Archeologists have estimated that the Huaca del Sol was composed of over 130 million adobe bricks and was the largest pre-Columbian adobe structure built in the Americas.[1] The number of different makers' marks on the bricks suggests that over a hundred different communities contributed bricks to the construction of the Huacas.

The Huaca del Sol was composed of four main levels. The structure was expanded and rebuilt by different rulers over the course of time. It is believed to have originally been about 50 meters in height and 340 m by 160 m at the base. Located at the center of the Moche capital city, the temple appears to have been used for ritual, ceremonial activities and as a royal residence and burial chambers. Archaeological evidence attests to these functions.

During the Spanish occupation of Peru in the early 17th century, colonists redirected the waters of the Moche River to run past the base of the Huaca del Sol in order to facilitate the looting of gold artifacts from the temple. The operation of the hydraulic mine greatly damaged the Huaca del Sol. In total, approximately two-thirds of the structure has been lost to erosion and such looting. The remaining structure stands at a height of 41 meters (135 feet).

Looting and erosion due to El Niño continue to be major concerns to this day.

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Huacas.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cameron, Ian (1990). Kingdom of the Sun God: A History of the Andes and Their People. New York: Facts on File. p. 43. ISBN 0-8160-2581-9.

Sources

[edit]
  1. Art of the Andes, from Chavin to Inca. Rebecca Stone-Miller, Thames and Hudson, 1995.
  2. The Incas and Their Ancestors: the archaeology of Peru. Michael E. Moseley, Thames and Hudson, 1992.
[edit]
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