Style of the British sovereign: Difference between revisions
I removed a speculative comment Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
Restored revision 1179634318 by Billjones94 (talk): Not about the meaning of 'Britanniarum' but about whether it included Ireland |
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* in [[Latin language|Latin]]: {{Quote|''Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor''}} |
* in [[Latin language|Latin]]: {{Quote|''Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor''}} |
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In 2022, King [[Charles III]] was proclaimed by the [[Privy Council (United Kingdom)|Privy Council]] to have acceded to the throne with the style:{{Quote|Charles the Third, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of His other Realms and Territories, King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith<ref>{{Cite web |title=The London Gazette, Supplement 63812, Page 2 |url=http://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63812/supplement/2 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=The Gazette |publication-date=12 September 2022}}</ref>}}<!--do not invent a Latin version - not WP's job> |
In 2022, King [[Charles III]] was proclaimed by the [[Privy Council (United Kingdom)|Privy Council]] to have acceded to the throne with the style:{{Quote|Charles the Third, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of His other Realms and Territories, King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith<ref>{{Cite web |title=The London Gazette, Supplement 63812, Page 2 |url=http://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63812/supplement/2 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=The Gazette |publication-date=12 September 2022}}</ref>}}As of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, it remains to be seen whether there will also be a Latin version.<ref>Version; the English and Latin texts are published as mutually equivalent.</ref><!--do not invent a Latin version - not WP's job> |
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==Style of the sovereign== |
==Style of the sovereign== |
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| 1901 |
| 1901 |
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| {{lang|la|Dei Gratia Britanniarum Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator}}<br />by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India<ref name=gazette1901>{{London Gazette |issue=27372 |date=5 November 1901 |page=7137 }}</ref> |
| {{lang|la|Dei Gratia Britanniarum Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator}}{{efn|Ireland (''Hibernia'') appears to be included in ''Britanniarum'' ("of the Britains" or perhaps "of the British lands"), until 1927}}<br />by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India<ref name=gazette1901>{{London Gazette |issue=27372 |date=5 November 1901 |page=7137 }}</ref> |
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| [[Edward VII]] |
| [[Edward VII]] |
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| 1901–1927 |
| 1901–1927 |
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| {{lang|la|Dei Gratia Britanniarum et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator}}<br />by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India<ref name=gazette1901/><ref name=gazette1927>{{London Gazette |issue=33274 |date=13 May 1927 |page=3111 }}</ref> |
| {{lang|la|Dei Gratia Britanniarum et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator}}{{efn|Ireland (''Hibernia'') appears to be included in ''Britanniarum'' ("of the Britains" or perhaps "of the British lands"), until 1927}}<br />by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India<ref name=gazette1901/><ref name=gazette1927>{{London Gazette |issue=33274 |date=13 May 1927 |page=3111 }}</ref> |
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| [[Edward VII]], [[George V]] |
| [[Edward VII]], [[George V]] |
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| 1953–2022 |
| 1953–2022 |
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| {{lang|la|Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor}}<br />by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith<ref name=gazette1953>{{London Gazette |issue=39873 |date=26 May 1953 |page=3023 |supp=11 }} Proclamation of 28 May 1953 made in accordance with the Royal Titles Act 1953.</ref>{{efn|Following the Royal Titles Act 1953}} |
| {{lang|la|Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor}}{{efn|''Britanniarum'' ("of the Britains" or perhaps "of the British lands") is restored, now including not all of Ireland (''Hibernia'') but only Northern Ireland}}<br />by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith<ref name=gazette1953>{{London Gazette |issue=39873 |date=26 May 1953 |page=3023 |supp=11 }} Proclamation of 28 May 1953 made in accordance with the Royal Titles Act 1953.</ref>{{efn|Following the Royal Titles Act 1953}} |
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| 2022–present |
| 2022–present |
Revision as of 22:11, 18 October 2023
The precise style of the British sovereign has varied over the years. It is still chosen and officially proclaimed by the sovereign.[1] The proclamation of Elizabeth II, in 1953, was made in English and in Latin.[2]
- in Englisch:
Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith
- in Latin:
Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor
In 2022, King Charles III was proclaimed by the Privy Council to have acceded to the throne with the style:
Charles the Third, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of His other Realms and Territories, King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[3]
As of 2024, it remains to be seen whether there will also be a Latin version.[4]
Official styles of sovereigns are shown below. Heads of state who did not rule as king or as queen are shown in italics.
English sovereigns
Period | Style | User |
---|---|---|
1066–1087 | Rex Anglorum (King of the English) |
William I |
1087–1121 | Dei Gratia Rex Anglorum (By the Grace of God, King of the English) |
William II, Henry I |
1121–1154 | Rex Anglorum, Dux Normannorum (King of the English, Duke of the Normans) |
Henry I, Stephen |
1141 | Anglorum Domina (Lady of the English) |
Matilda |
1154–1199 | Rex Angliae (King of England) Rex Anglorum (King of the English) |
Henry II, Henry the Young King, Richard I |
1199–1259 | Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie, Dux Normannie et Aquitannie, Comes Andegavie (By the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of the Angevins) |
John, Henry III |
1259–1340 | Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae (King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine) |
Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III |
1340–1397 | Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae (King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland) |
Edward III, Richard II |
1397–1399 | Rex Angliae et Franciae, Dominus Hiberniae et Princeps Cestriæ (King of England and of France, Lord of Ireland, and Prince of Chester)[5] |
Richard II |
1399–1420 | Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae (King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland) |
Henry IV, Henry V |
1420–1422 | Rex Angliae, Haeres et Regens Franciae, et Dominus Hiberniae (King of England, Heir and Regent of France and Lord of Ireland) |
Henry V, Henry VI |
1422–1521a | Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae (King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland) |
Henry VI, Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III, Henry VII, Henry VIII |
1521a–1535 | Dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie, Fidei Defensor et Dominus Hibernie By the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith and Lord of Ireland |
Henry VIII (language change only) |
1535–1536 | Dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie, Fidei Defensor, Dominus Hibernie, et in terra ecclesie Anglicane supremum caput By the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland, and of the Church of England in Earth Supreme Head[6] | |
1536–1542 | Dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie, Fidei Defensor, Dominus Hibernie, et in terra ecclesiae Anglicane et Hibernice supremum caput By the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head[6] | |
1542–1553 | Dei gratia Anglie Francie et Hibernie Rex, Fidei Defensor, et in terra ecclesie Anglicane et Hibernice supremum caput By the Grace of God, King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and of Ireland in Earth Supreme Headb[6] |
Henry VIII, Edward VI |
1553–1554 | Dei gratia Anglie Francie et Hibernie Rex, Fidei Defensor, et in terra ecclesie Anglicane et Hibernice supremum caput By the Grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and also of Ireland in Earth Supreme Headb[6] |
Lady Jane Grey (disputed), Mary I |
1554–1556[7] | Dei Gratia Rex et Regina Anglie, Francie, Neapolis, Ierusalem, et Hibernie; Fidei Defensores; Principes Hispanie et Sicilie; Archiduces Austrie; Duces Mediolani, Burgundie, et Brabancie; Comites Haspurgi, Flandrie, et Tirolis By the Grace of God, King and Queen of England and France, Naples, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy, and Brabant, Count and Countess of Habsburg, Flanders, and Tyrol[6][8] |
Mary I and Philip |
1556–1558 | Dei gracia rex et regina Anglie Hispaniarum Francie utriusque Sicilie Ierusalem et Hibernie fidei defensores archiduces Austrie duces Burgundie Mediolani et Brabancie comites Haspurgi Flandrie et Tirolis By the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Spain, France, Jerusalem, both the Sicilies and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archduke and Archduchess of Austria, Duke and Duchess of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Count and Countess of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol | |
1558–1603 | Dei gratia Anglie Francie et Hibernie Regina, Fidei Defensor, etc. By the Grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. |
Elizabeth I |
- ^a In 1521 English replaced Latin as the official language of the regnal style.
- ^b ... "and of the Church of England and also of Ireland in Earth Supreme Head" omitted in formal use in early 1554 (omission retroactively approved by an act of Parliament assented to 16 Jan 1555)
Scottish sovereigns
The earliest recorded style of the monarchs of what is now Scotland varies: sometimes it is "King of the Picts", sometimes "King of Fortriu", and sometimes "King of Alba". Only after 900 does the latter title become standard. From the reign of David I, the title became either "rex Scottorum" ("King of Scots") or "rex Scotiae" ("King of Scotland").[citation needed] The former term was the most common, but the latter was used sometimes. James VI and I proclaimed himself "King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland” by Royal Proclamation, but this was not accepted by the English Parliament.[9] The last three monarchs of Scotland—William II (William III of England), Mary II and Anne—all used "King/Queen of Scotland" in preference to "of Scots".
English and Scottish sovereigns
Period | Style | User(s) |
---|---|---|
1603–1689 | By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. | James VI & I, Charles I, Charles II, James VII & II |
1650–1653 | Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief of all the armies and forces raised and to be raised within the Commonwealth of England | Oliver Cromwell |
1653–1659 | By the Grace of God and of the Republic, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, et cetera, and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging | Oliver Cromwell, Richard Cromwell |
1689–1694 | By the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau, Defenders of the Faith, etc. | William III and Mary II |
1694–1702 | By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau, Defender of the Faith, etc. | William III |
1702–1707 | By the Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. | Anne |
British sovereigns
Period | Style | Sovereign(s) |
---|---|---|
1707–1714 | by the Grace of God Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc. | Anne |
1714–1801 | by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg | George I, George II, George III |
1801–1814 | by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Arch-treasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg[a] | George III |
1814–1837 | by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg | George III, George IV, William IV |
1837–1876 | by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith | Victoria |
1876–1901 | by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India | |
1901 | Dei Gratia Britanniarum Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator[b] by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India[10] |
Edward VII |
1901–1927 | Dei Gratia Britanniarum et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator[c] by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India[10][11] |
Edward VII, George V |
1927–1948 | Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Rex, Fidei Defensor, Indiae Imperator by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India[12] |
George V, Edward VIII, George VI |
1948–1952 | Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Rex, Fidei Defensor by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith[12][d] |
George VI |
1952–1953 | Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Regina, Fidei Defensor by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith |
Elizabeth II |
1953–2022 | Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor[e] by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[2][f] | |
2022–present | by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of His other Realms and Territories King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[13][g] | Charles III |
See also
Notes
- ^ This reflects the United Kingdom created by the Acts of Union 1800 and sheds the more than 400-year-old pretence to the throne of France
- ^ Ireland (Hibernia) appears to be included in Britanniarum ("of the Britains" or perhaps "of the British lands"), until 1927
- ^ Ireland (Hibernia) appears to be included in Britanniarum ("of the Britains" or perhaps "of the British lands"), until 1927
- ^ Recognising that in 1947 British India was partitioned into the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan.
- ^ Britanniarum ("of the Britains" or perhaps "of the British lands") is restored, now including not all of Ireland (Hibernia) but only Northern Ireland
- ^ Following the Royal Titles Act 1953
- ^ Privy Council proclamation. See also Proclamation of accession of Charles III
References
- ^ UK Parliament, Royal Titles Act 1953 (1 & 2 Eliz. 2 c. 9)
- ^ a b "No. 39873". The London Gazette (11th supplement). 26 May 1953. p. 3023. Proclamation of 28 May 1953 made in accordance with the Royal Titles Act 1953.
- ^ "The London Gazette, Supplement 63812, Page 2". The Gazette. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ Version; the English and Latin texts are published as mutually equivalent.
- ^ "Richard himself was stiled Princeps Cestriæ, Prince of Chester. But this title was but of small duration: no longer, than till Henry the fourth repeal'd the Laws of the said Parliament; for then it became a County Palatine again, and retains that Prerogative to this day..." Cheshire – Britannia. Written by William Camden.
- ^ a b c d e England: Kings and Queens: 1066–1649. Retrieved 11-03-2010.
- ^ England: Royal Styles: 1553–1558. Retrieved 11-03-2010.
- ^ Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. London: Burke's Peerage Limited. 1973. pp. 206. ISBN 0-220-66222-3.
- ^ "British Library".
- ^ a b "No. 27372". The London Gazette. 5 November 1901. p. 7137.
- ^ "No. 33274". The London Gazette. 13 May 1927. p. 3111.
- ^ a b "No. 38330". The London Gazette. 22 June 1948. p. 3647. Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.('Section 7: …(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.'). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the Style and Titles 'George VI by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith', and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.
- ^ "The London Gazette, Supplement 63812, Page 2". The Gazette. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.