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{{Short description|Depictions of the birth of Jesus Christ}}
{{See also|Nativity of Jesus in art}}
{{See also|Nativity of Jesus in art}}


The '''birth of Jesus''' has been depicted since early [[Christianity]], and continues to be interpreted in '''modern artistic forms'''. Some of the artforms that have described [[Nativity of Jesus|His Nativity]] include drama (including television and films) and music (including opera).
The '''birth of Jesus''' has been depicted since early [[Christianity]], and continues to be interpreted in '''modern artistic forms'''. Some of the artforms that have described [[Nativity of Jesus|Jesus' nativity]] include drama (including television and films) and music (including opera). Featured characters usually include [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]], [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]], and [[Saint Joseph|Joseph]].


==Literature==
==Literature==
Line 8: Line 9:
==Drama==
==Drama==
*The Nativity appears in many cycles of the [[Mystery Plays]], dating back to medieval times.
*The Nativity appears in many cycles of the [[Mystery Plays]], dating back to medieval times.
*[[Laurence Housman]] (''Bethlehem'', 1902; musical accompaniment by [[Joseph Moorat]] c.1919<ref>
*[[Laurence Housman]] (''Bethlehem'', 1902; musical accompaniment by Joseph Moorat c.1919<ref>
{{cite journal |first=J. |last=Hunt |title=Moorat |journal=[[The Musical Times]] |date=March 1975 |issue=1585 |volume=116 |pages=228 |doi=10.2307/959098}}</ref>).
{{cite journal |first=J. |last=Hunt |title=Moorat |journal=[[The Musical Times]] |date=March 1975 |issue=1585 |volume=116 |pages=228 |doi=10.2307/959098|jstor=959098 }}</ref>).
*[[Lucjan Rydel]] (''Polish Bethlehem'', 1904).
*[[Lucjan Rydel]] (''Polish Bethlehem'', 1904).
*[[Cicely Hamilton]] (''The Child in Flanders: A Nativity Play'', 1922.
*[[Cicely Hamilton]] (''The Child in Flanders: A Nativity Play'', 1922.
*[[Dorothy L. Sayers]] (''[[He That Should Come]]'', 1938). The first play of her radio-play cycle ''[[The Man Born to be King]]'' deals with the birth of Jesus.
*[[Dorothy L. Sayers]] (''[[He That Should Come]]'', 1938). The first play of her radio-play cycle ''[[The Man Born to Be King]]'' deals with the birth of Jesus.
*[[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s first play was ''Bariona ou le fils du tonerre'', a nativity play performed on Christmas Eve 1940 while a [[prisoner of war]] in a German [[stalag]]. Sartre saw Christ as part of the [[Jewish-Roman wars|Jewish Resistance]] to the [[Iudaea Province|Roman Empire's occupation]], mirroring the [[French Resistance]] of [[Occupation of France by Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany's occupation]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Politics of Despair versus the Politics of Hope: A Look at ''Bariona'', Sartre's First ''pièce engagée'' |first=Bernard J. |last=Quinn |journal=The French Review |date=Spring 1972 |issue=Special Issue, No. 4, Studies on the French Theater |pages=95–105 }}</ref>
*[[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s first play was ''Bariona ou le fils du tonerre'', a nativity play performed on [[Christmas Eve]] 1940 while a [[prisoner of war]] in a German [[stalag]]. Sartre saw Christ as part of the [[Jewish-Roman wars|Jewish Resistance]] to the [[Iudaea Province|Roman Empire's occupation]], mirroring the [[French Resistance]] of [[Occupation of France by Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany's occupation]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Politics of Despair versus the Politics of Hope: A Look at ''Bariona'', Sartre's First ''pièce engagée'' |first=Bernard J. |last=Quinn |journal=The French Review |date=Spring 1972 |issue=Special Issue, No. 4, Studies on the French Theater |pages=95–105 }}</ref>


==Opera and musicals==
==Opera and musicals==
*[[Rutland Boughton]], English composer and founder of the original Glastonbury Festival, wrote a very popular Nativity opera in 1915 called ''Bethlehem''. In 1926, in sympathy with the [[General Strike]] and the miners' lockout, he restaged it in London, in modern dress, with Jesus born in a miner's cottage and Herod as the top-hatted capitalist, flanked by soldiers and police.<ref>[http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/notes/22040-B.pdf Liner notes to Hyperion Records, Russell Boughton, ''The Immortal Hours'']</ref>
*[[Rutland Boughton]], English composer and founder of the original Glastonbury Festival, wrote a very popular Nativity opera in 1915 called ''Bethlehem''. In 1926, in sympathy with the [[1926 United Kingdom general strike|General Strike]] and the miners' lockout, he restaged it in London, in modern dress, with Jesus born in a miner's cottage and Herod as the top-hatted capitalist, flanked by soldiers and police.<ref>[http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/notes/22040-B.pdf Liner notes to Hyperion Records, Russell Boughton, ''The Immortal Hours'']</ref>
*''[[Two from Galilee (musical)|Two From Galilee]]'' - A musical of Mary and Joseph leading up to the birth of Jesus Christ
*''Two From Galilee'' - A musical of Mary and Joseph leading up to the birth of Jesus Christ
*''Amahl and the Night Visitors'' by [[Gian Carlo Monetti]]
*''Amahl and the Night Visitors'' by Gian Carlo Monetti


==Film==
==Film==
*''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959) recounts the Nativity in its prologue, and [[Biblical Magi|Balthasar]] (a major character) also recounts it in the third person later in the film.
*''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959) recounts the Nativity in its prologue, and [[Balthazar (magus)|Balthasar]] (a major character) also recounts it in the third person later in the film.
*''[[The Greatest Story Ever Told]]'' (1965) begins with the Nativity.
*''[[The Greatest Story Ever Told]]'' (1965) begins with the Nativity.
*''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian]]'' (1978) depicts [[Magi]] at the wrong stable almost giving their gifts to the infant Brian.
*''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian]]'' (1978) depicts [[Biblical Magi|Magi]] (Three Wise Men) at the wrong stable almost giving their gifts to the infant Brian.
*''[[The Nativity Story]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Nativity Story]]'' (2006)
*''[[Nativity! (film)|Nativity!]]'' (2009)
*''[[Nativity! (film)|Nativity!]]'' (2009)
*''[[The Star (2017 film)|The Star]]'' (2017)


==Television==
==Television==
*A scene in ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' (1965) shows Linus recounting the Nativity Story as told in the [[Gospel of Luke]].
*A scene in ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' (1965) shows Linus recounting the Christmas Story involving the Nativity as told in the [[Gospel of Luke]].
*''[[Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)|Jesus of Nazareth]]'' (1977) begins with the Nativity
*''[[Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)|Jesus of Nazareth]]'' (1977) begins with the Nativity
*''[[The Nativity (1978 film)|The Nativity]]'' (1978)
*''[[The Nativity (1978 film)|The Nativity]]'' (1978)
* An episode of the Christian-themed [[anime]] series ''[[Superbook]]'' (1982) involves Chris, Joy, and Gizmo witnessing the Nativity
* An episode of the Christian-themed [[anime]] series ''[[Superbook]]'' (1982) involves Chris, Joy, and Gizmo witnessing the Nativity
*''The Liverpool Nativity'' produced by [[BBC Three]] in 2007, featuring [[Liverpool]]'s music
*''The Liverpool Nativity'' produced by [[BBC Three]] in 2007, featuring [[Liverpool]]'s music
*''[[House (TV series)|House]]'' episode "[[It's a Wonderful Lie (House)|It's a Wonderful Lie]]" features a clinic patient diagnosed with [[contagious ecthyma]] from a donkey, due to her playing the Virgin Mary in a play.


==Music==
==Classical music==
See also [[:Category:Christmas music]]
*"[[The Little Drummer Boy]]"
* [[Eustache Du Caurroy]], 5 variations on "''Une jeune fillette"'' (1610), first Christmas known for instruments.
* [[Heinrich Schütz]], Weihnachts-Historie (Christmas oratorio), 1664 (SWV 435)
* [[Nicolas Gigault]], ''17 Noëls variés'' (1682).
* [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], 9 vocal settings and 2 instrumental settings :
** ''Messe de Minuit'' H.9 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and bc (1690)
** ''In nativitatem Domini canticum'' H.314 for 4 voices, 2 flutes, 2 violins, and bc (1670)
** ''Canticum in nativitatem Domini'' H.393 for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments, and bc (1675)
** ''Pastorale de Noël'' H.414 for soloists, chorus, 2 treble instruments, and bc (1683-85)
** ''Oratorio de Noël'' H.416 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and bc (1690)
** ''Dialogus inter angelos et pastores Judae in nativitatem Domini'' H.420 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and bc (1695?)
** ''In nativitatem Domini Nostri Jesu Christi canticum'' H.421 for 3 voices, and bc (1698-99)
** ''Pastorale de Noël'' H.482 for soloists, chorus, 2 treble viols, and bc (1683-85)
** ''Pastorale de Noël'' H.483 H.483 a H.483 b for soloists, chorus, 2 flutes, 2 treble viols, and bc (1683-85)
** ''Noël pour les instruments'' H.531 for flutes, strings, and bc (1688?)
** ''Noël sur les instruments'' H.534 for flutes, strings, and bc (1698)
* [[Sébastien de Brossard]] ''Messe de Noël'' SdB.5 (1700)
* [[Nicola Porpora]], ''Oratorio de Noël, Il Verbo in Carne''
* [[Alessandro Scarlatti]], ''Oratorio de Noël'' (1705)
* [[Michel Richard Delalande|Michel-Richard de Lalande]], ''Symphonies de Noël'' S 130 (1727-36 et 1736-45)
* Louis Grénon, Messe en Noëls en si bémol majeur
* [[Carl Heinrich Graun]], ''Oratorium in Festum Nativitatis Christi''
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]], ''Oratorio de Noël'' BWV 248-I à 248-VI (1734)
* [[André Campra]], ''Oratorio de Noël, Nativitas Domini Jesu Christi'' (1710)
* [[Giuseppe Valentini]], Sinfonia per Santissimo Natales
* [[Pierre Dandrieu]] publishes in 1714, un ''Livre de 42 Noëls'' for organ (mainly) and harpsichord.
* [[Michel Corrette|Michel Corette]], about Christmas :
**''Concerto Spirituel'', 1731.
** ''Pastorale'', 1732.
** ''III Concerto de Noëls'', 1735.
** ''Noëls Suisses'', 1737.
** ''Noël Allemand "Lobt Gott, ihr Christen, alle gleich"'', 1741.
** ''Concerto de noëls'', 1754, lost.
* [[François-Joseph Gossec]], ''La Nativité,'' Oratorio (1774)
* [[Jean-François Le Sueur|Jean-François Lesueur]], ''Messe oratorio de Noël'' (1786)
* [[Camille Saint-Saëns]], ''[[Oratorio de Noël]] o''p. 12 for 5 soloists, chorus, organ, harp and strings (1858)
* [[Hector Berlioz]], la trilogie sacrée ''L'Enfance du Christ'' op. 25 (1854)
* [[Alexandre Guilmant]], ''Noëls'' Opus 60
* [[Gabriel Pierné]], ''Les Enfants à Bethlehem,'' Mystère en deux parties for soloists, children chorus and Orchestra (1907)
* [[Arthur Honegger]], Une Cantate de Noël
* Jean-Michel Cayre, ''Oratorio de Noël'' (1982)
* [[Witold Lutosławski]], Les ''Chants de Noël polonais'' (1946).


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Nativity of Jesus}}
<br />
{{Christmas}}
{{Christmas}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Nativity Of Jesus In Art}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nativity Of Jesus In Art}}
[[Category:Christmas by medium]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Nativity of Jesus]]
[[Category:Jesus in art]]

Latest revision as of 21:16, 24 October 2023

See also: Nativity of Jesus in art

The birth of Jesus has been depicted since early Christianity, and continues to be interpreted in modern artistic forms. Some of the artforms that have described Jesus' nativity include drama (including television and films) and music (including opera). Featured characters usually include Jesus, Mary, and Joseph.

Literature

[edit]

Drama

[edit]

Opera and musicals

[edit]
  • Rutland Boughton, English composer and founder of the original Glastonbury Festival, wrote a very popular Nativity opera in 1915 called Bethlehem. In 1926, in sympathy with the General Strike and the miners' lockout, he restaged it in London, in modern dress, with Jesus born in a miner's cottage and Herod as the top-hatted capitalist, flanked by soldiers and police.[3]
  • Two From Galilee - A musical of Mary and Joseph leading up to the birth of Jesus Christ
  • Amahl and the Night Visitors by Gian Carlo Monetti

Film

[edit]

Television

[edit]

Classical music

[edit]

See also Category:Christmas music

  • Eustache Du Caurroy, 5 variations on "Une jeune fillette" (1610), first Christmas known for instruments.
  • Heinrich Schütz, Weihnachts-Historie (Christmas oratorio), 1664 (SWV 435)
  • Nicolas Gigault, 17 Noëls variés (1682).
  • Marc-Antoine Charpentier, 9 vocal settings and 2 instrumental settings :
    • Messe de Minuit H.9 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and bc (1690)
    • In nativitatem Domini canticum H.314 for 4 voices, 2 flutes, 2 violins, and bc (1670)
    • Canticum in nativitatem Domini H.393 for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments, and bc (1675)
    • Pastorale de Noël H.414 for soloists, chorus, 2 treble instruments, and bc (1683-85)
    • Oratorio de Noël H.416 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and bc (1690)
    • Dialogus inter angelos et pastores Judae in nativitatem Domini H.420 for soloists, chorus, flutes, strings, and bc (1695?)
    • In nativitatem Domini Nostri Jesu Christi canticum H.421 for 3 voices, and bc (1698-99)
    • Pastorale de Noël H.482 for soloists, chorus, 2 treble viols, and bc (1683-85)
    • Pastorale de Noël H.483 H.483 a H.483 b for soloists, chorus, 2 flutes, 2 treble viols, and bc (1683-85)
    • Noël pour les instruments H.531 for flutes, strings, and bc (1688?)
    • Noël sur les instruments H.534 for flutes, strings, and bc (1698)
  • Sébastien de Brossard Messe de Noël SdB.5 (1700)
  • Nicola Porpora, Oratorio de Noël, Il Verbo in Carne
  • Alessandro Scarlatti, Oratorio de Noël (1705)
  • Michel-Richard de Lalande, Symphonies de Noël S 130 (1727-36 et 1736-45)
  • Louis Grénon, Messe en Noëls en si bémol majeur
  • Carl Heinrich Graun, Oratorium in Festum Nativitatis Christi
  • Johann Sebastian Bach, Oratorio de Noël BWV 248-I à 248-VI (1734)
  • André Campra, Oratorio de Noël, Nativitas Domini Jesu Christi (1710)
  • Giuseppe Valentini, Sinfonia per Santissimo Natales
  • Pierre Dandrieu publishes in 1714, un Livre de 42 Noëls for organ (mainly) and harpsichord.
  • Michel Corette, about Christmas :
    • Concerto Spirituel, 1731.
    • Pastorale, 1732.
    • III Concerto de Noëls, 1735.
    • Noëls Suisses, 1737.
    • Noël Allemand "Lobt Gott, ihr Christen, alle gleich", 1741.
    • Concerto de noëls, 1754, lost.
  • François-Joseph Gossec, La Nativité, Oratorio (1774)
  • Jean-François Lesueur, Messe oratorio de Noël (1786)
  • Camille Saint-Saëns, Oratorio de Noël op. 12 for 5 soloists, chorus, organ, harp and strings (1858)
  • Hector Berlioz, la trilogie sacrée L'Enfance du Christ op. 25 (1854)
  • Alexandre Guilmant, Noëls Opus 60
  • Gabriel Pierné, Les Enfants à Bethlehem, Mystère en deux parties for soloists, children chorus and Orchestra (1907)
  • Arthur Honegger, Une Cantate de Noël
  • Jean-Michel Cayre, Oratorio de Noël (1982)
  • Witold Lutosławski, Les Chants de Noël polonais (1946).

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Hunt, J. (March 1975). "Moorat". The Musical Times. 116 (1585): 228. doi:10.2307/959098. JSTOR 959098.
  2. ^ Quinn, Bernard J. (Spring 1972). "The Politics of Despair versus the Politics of Hope: A Look at Bariona, Sartre's First pièce engagée". The French Review (Special Issue, No. 4, Studies on the French Theater): 95–105.
  3. ^ Liner notes to Hyperion Records, Russell Boughton, The Immortal Hours
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