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{{Short description|British spy (1921–2010)}} |
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⚫ | '''Daphne Margaret Sybil Désirée Park, Baroness Park of Monmouth''' [[Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Royal Society of Arts|FRSA]] ( |
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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} |
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{{Infobox peer |
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|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] |
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|name = The Baroness Park of Monmouth |
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|image = Baroness Park of Monmouth 2010.png |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1921|09|01|}}|birth_place=[[Surrey]], England |
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|03|24|1921|09|01}} |
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|title = Baroness Park of Monmouth |
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|known_for = [[Secret Intelligence Service|SIS]] officer |
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|nationality = British |
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|module = {{Listen| embed=yes |filename = Daphne Park in MI6 A Century in the Shadows b00lv0bm.flac |title = Park's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''MI6: A Century in the Shadows'', 3 August 2009<ref name="BBC-b00lv0bm">{{Cite episode |title= Heroes and Villains |series= MI6: A Century in the Shadows |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lv0bm |access-date= 18 January 2014 |station= BBC Radio 4 |date= 3 August 2009 |number= 2}}</ref>}} |
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}} |
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⚫ | '''Daphne Margaret Sybil Désirée Park, Baroness Park of Monmouth''', [[Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Royal Society of Arts|FRSA]] (1 September 1921 – 24 March 2010) was a British intelligence officer, diplomat and public servant. During her career as a clandestine senior controller in [[MI6]] (1943–1993) she was stationed in Austria (1946-1948), Moscow (1954–1956), the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo]] (1959–1961), Zambia (1964–1967) and Hanoi (1969–1971).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.namebase.net:82/names/nn01.cgi?Na=Park%2C+Daphne+ |title=Park Daphne Margaret Sybil Désiree |work=[[NameBase]] |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> |
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==Early life and education== |
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In 1948, she entered the [[Foreign Office]], becoming Third Secretary of the United Kingdom's delegation to [[NATO]] in 1952. From 1954 to 1956, she was Second Secretary of the British Embassy of [[Moscow]], from 1959 to 1961, Consul and First Secretary to [[Leopoldville]], from 1964 to 1967 [[High Commissioner]] to [[Lusaka]] and from 1969 to 1970 [[Consul-General]] to [[Hanoi]]. Between the periods of office abroad, she was ordered back to work in the Foreign Office. Park was Honourable Research Fellow at the [[University of Kent]] between 1971 until 1972, when she was made [[Chargé d'Affaires]] of the British Embassy of [[Ulan Bator]] for few months. From 1973 to 1979, she was in the Foreign Office once more, from 1980 to 1989 Principal of Somerville College, from 1982 to 1987 Governor of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) and from 1983 to 1989 member of the [[British Library|British Library Board]]. Park was also chairman of the [[Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Aid]] between 1984 to 1990, and of the [[Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England]] between 1989 to 1994. |
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Daphne Park was born to John Alexander and Doreen Gwynneth Park. Her father had contracted tuberculosis as a young man and was sent to Africa for rest and recuperation. He moved from South Africa to [[Nyasaland]] (now [[Malawi]]), and served as an intelligence officer during [[World War II]]. Thereafter he owned a tobacco plantation<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roth |first1=Andrew |title=Lady Park of Monmouth obituary Senior MI6 officer, diplomat and Tory peer, she was known as the 'Queen of Spies' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/daphne-park-obituary |website=The Guardian |date=28 March 2010 |access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> and as an alluvial gold prospector in [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika]] (now [[Tanzania]]). When Daphne was six months old she travelled to Africa with her mother to join him there.<ref name="DT">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/special-forces-obituaries/7521245/Baroness-Park-of-Monmouth.html|title=Obituary: Baroness Park of Monmouth|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=25 March 2010|access-date=22 February 2011|location=London}}</ref> Park had a brother, David, who died aged 14. |
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⚫ | When Park was 11, she returned to England and was educated at [[Rosa Bassett School]] in [[Streatham]] and at [[Somerville College, Oxford]], where she graduated with a B.A. in modern languages in 1943. She was further educated at [[Newnham College, Cambridge]], where she received a Certificate of Competent Knowledge in Russian in 1952. |
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Park is a member of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] and a governor of the [[Ditchley Foundation]]. She was a member of the [[Forum UK]] from 1994 to 1996, and is president of the [[Society for the Promotion of the Training of Women]] since 1994. In 2003, she was Patron of [[Action Congo]]. Between 1989 and 1990, she was director of the [[Zoo Development Trust]], between 1991 and 1992 trustee of the [[Royal Armouries Development Trust]] and between 1985 and 1989 Pro-Vice Chancellor of the [[University of Oxford]]. Park was trustee of the [[Great Britain-Sasakawa Foundation]] from 1994 until 2001, when she became its patron. She is also a trustee of the [[Jardine Educational Trust]] and of the [[Lucy Faithfull Travel Scholarship Fund]]. |
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==Career== |
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In 1960, Park was made a Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) and in 1971 a Companion of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG). On [[27 February]] [[1990]], she was created a [[life peer]] '''Baroness Park of Monmouth''', of Broadway in the County of [[Hereford and Worcester]]. She is a Honorary Fellow of [[Somerville College]] and a Fellow of [[Chatham House]] (RIIA) and of the [[Royal Society of Arts]] (FRSA). |
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On graduating in 1943, Park turned down jobs in the Treasury and the Foreign Office to make a direct contribution to the war effort.<ref name="DT" /> She then joined the [[First Aid Nursing Yeomanry]] (FANY). During the selection process for FANY, she came to the attention of the [[Special Operations Executive]] (SOE), due to her understanding of [[ciphers]]. Park was promoted to the rank of sergeant and trained groups of operatives for [[Operation Jedburgh]], whose task was to support the [[Resistance during World War II|Resistance in Europe]].<ref name="DT" /> In 1945 Park went to work as a briefing and dispatching officer in North Africa. On her return in 1946 she was sent to [[Vienna]] to establish an office for the Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), a unit of the [[Allied Commission]] responsible for tracking down former [[Axis powers|Axis]] scientists. |
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RSA |
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In 1948, she was attached to the [[Foreign Office]], while actually working for the [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (SIS, aka [[MI6]]), becoming Third Secretary of the United Kingdom's delegation to [[NATO]] in 1952. She then became Second Secretary of the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom in Moscow|British Embassy in Moscow]] between 1954 and 1956. |
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Park is unmarried and childless. |
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From 1959 to 1961 she was Consul and First Secretary to [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]], which in practice meant being head of MI6 there. British parliamentarian [[David Lea, Baron Lea of Crondall|David Lea]] wrote that shortly before she died, she claimed to have been involved organising the abduction and murder of [[Patrice Lumumba]] during the [[Congo Crisis]]. Park (allegedly) confided to Lea that the reasoning behind the assassination was MI6 fears that Lumumba would hand over the high-value Katangese [[uranium]] deposits of [[Shinkolobwe]] as well as the diamonds and other important minerals largely located in the [[Katanga Province|secessionist eastern state of Katanga]] to the [[Soviet Union|Russians]].<ref>[http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n07/letters Letters, ''We did it''], ''London Review of Books'', Vol. 35 No. 7, 11 April 2013</ref> The Shinkolobwe uranium mine provided the uranium used by the [[Manhattan Project]], including in [[Nuclear weapons|atomic bombs]] dropped on the Japanese cities [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945]].<ref name = "WP">Compare:{{cite news|last= McCrummen|first= Stephanie|title= Nearly Forgotten Forces of WWII|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/03/AR2009080302959.html|agency= Washington Post Foreign Service|date= 4 August 2009|newspaper= [[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> |
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She rose further through the ranks of the Foreign Office to serve in the [[British High Commission]] in [[Lusaka]] from 1964 to 1967 and then [[Consul-General]] to [[Hanoi]] from 1969 to 1970. In 1972 she was [[Chargé d'Affaires]] of the British Embassy of [[Ulan Bator]] for several months. From 1973 onwards she served in the Foreign Office then retired two years early in 1979 to become Principal of Somerville College, Oxford.<ref name="DT" /> |
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Despite her known intelligence service, SIS would neither confirm nor deny she was under their employment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Warrell |first=Helen |date=8 December 2022 |title=The secret lives of MI6's top female spies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/741772c0-ee76-4d3d-bfcd-4fabc1fb405d |work=Financial Times |location= |access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> |
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==Affiliations== |
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* 1971–72, Honourable Research Fellow at the [[University of Kent]] |
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* 1980–89, [[Principal (college)|Principal]] of Somerville College |
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* 1982–87, Governor of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) |
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* 1983–89, Member, [[British Library|British Library Board]] |
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* 1984–90, chairman, Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Aid |
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* 1985–89, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, [[University of Oxford]] |
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* 1989–90, director, Zoo Development Trust |
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* 1989–94, chairman, [[Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England]] |
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* 1991–92, Trustee, Royal Armouries Development Trust |
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* 1994–96, Member, Forum UK |
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* 1994–2010, President, Society for the Promotion of the Training of Women |
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* 2003, Patron, Action Congo |
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* Member, [[Royal Asiatic Society]] |
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* Governor, [[Ditchley Foundation]] |
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* Trustee/Patron, Great Britain-Sasakawa Foundation |
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* Trustee, Jardine Educational Trust |
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* Trustee, Lucy Faithfull Travel Scholarship Fund |
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==Honours and awards== |
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In 1960, Park was invested as an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) for her service as Consul to [[Kinshasa|Leopoldville]].<ref name="LG 27 December 1960">{{London Gazette |issue=42231 |date=27 December 1960 |page=8908 |supp=y }}</ref> In 1971 she was invested as a Companion of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG) for her service as [[Consul-General]] to [[Hanoi]].<ref name="LG 31 December 1970">{{London Gazette |issue=45262 |date=31 December 1970 |page=4 |supp=y }}</ref> On 27 February 1990, she was created a [[life peer]] '''Baroness Park of Monmouth''', of Broadway in the County of [[Hereford and Worcester]],<ref name="LG 29 December 1989">{{London Gazette |issue=51981 |date=29 December 1989 |page=1 |supp=y }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=52064 |date=2 March 1990 |page=2841}}</ref> and served as SIS's semi-official spokesperson in the House of Lords. According to [[Jeff Rooker, Baron Rooker|Lord Rooker]], Park told him that her choice of 'Monmouth' in her title was unconnected with the market town of [[Monmouth]] but chosen to honour Monmouth House, a building in which her friends in the Secret Intelligence Service worked.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=8 November 2010 |title=Baroness Park of Monmouth |page=57}}</ref> She was an Honorary Fellow of [[Somerville College]], and a Fellow of [[Chatham House]] (RIIA) and of the [[Royal Society of Arts]] (FRSA). |
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==Personal life== |
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Park was unmarried and had no children. She died after a long illness on 24 March 2010, aged 88.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7076407.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Michael | last=Evans | title=Daphne Park MI6 woman with a 30year secret career dies at 88 | date=26 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.scotsman.com/obituaries/Obituary-Daphne-Park-Baroness-Park.6186737.jp | location=Edinburgh | work=The Scotsman | title=Obituary: Daphne Park, Baroness Park of Monmouth, MI6 Spy | date=29 March 2010}}</ref> A Service of Thanksgiving for the Life and Work of Baroness Park was held on Tuesday 26 October 2010 and the eulogy was given by fellow ex-spy [[Mark Allen (businessman)|Sir Mark Allen, CMG]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfclub.org/daphneypark.htm |title=Special Forces Club - Eulogy - Daphne Park |access-date=2011-03-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321070715/http://www.sfclub.org/daphneypark.htm |archive-date=21 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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*{{cite web | url= http://www.dodonline.co.uk/engine.asp?lev1=4&lev2=38&menu=81&biog=y&id=26782| title= DodOnline| accessdate= 2007-02-14}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.dodonline.co.uk/engine.asp?lev1=4&lev2=38&menu=81&biog=y&id=26782 |title=DodOnline |access-date=14 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003073836/http://www.dodonline.co.uk/engine.asp?lev1=4&lev2=38&menu=81&biog=y&id=26782 |archive-date=3 October 2006 |df=dmy }} |
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* Paddy Hayes: Queen of spies, The autobiography of Daphne Park. Duckworth Publishers, 2015. |
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* [[Susan Williams (historian)|Susan Williams]]: Spies in the Congo: The Race for the Ore that Built the Atomic Bomb. Hurst, June 2016, {{ISBN|9781849046381}} |
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{{S-start}} |
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{{s-aca}} |
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{{succession box |
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|title=[[Principal (academia)|Principal]]<br>[[Somerville College, Oxford]] |
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|years = 1980–1989 |
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|before=[[Barbara Craig]] |
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|after=[[Catherine Hughes (civil servant)|Catherine Pestell]] |
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}} |
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{{S-end}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford]] |
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[[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]] |
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[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society |
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[[Category:MI6 personnel]] |
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[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]] |
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]] |
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[[Category:People from Streatham]] |
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[[Category:Place of death missing]] |
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[[Category:Principals of Somerville College, Oxford]] |
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[[Category:British women in World War II]] |
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[[Category:British expatriates in the Soviet Union]] |
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[[Category:British women diplomats]] |
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[[Category:Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford]] |
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[[Category:20th-century British diplomats]] |
Latest revision as of 10:09, 5 November 2023
The Baroness Park of Monmouth | |
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Baroness Park of Monmouth | |
![]() | |
Known for | SIS officer |
Born | Surrey, England | 1 September 1921
Died | 24 March 2010 | (aged 88)
Nationality | British |
Daphne Margaret Sybil Désirée Park, Baroness Park of Monmouth, CMG, OBE, FRSA (1 September 1921 – 24 March 2010) was a British intelligence officer, diplomat and public servant. During her career as a clandestine senior controller in MI6 (1943–1993) she was stationed in Austria (1946-1948), Moscow (1954–1956), the Congo (1959–1961), Zambia (1964–1967) and Hanoi (1969–1971).[2]
Early life and education
[edit]Daphne Park was born to John Alexander and Doreen Gwynneth Park. Her father had contracted tuberculosis as a young man and was sent to Africa for rest and recuperation. He moved from South Africa to Nyasaland (now Malawi), and served as an intelligence officer during World War II. Thereafter he owned a tobacco plantation[3] and as an alluvial gold prospector in Tanganyika (now Tanzania). When Daphne was six months old she travelled to Africa with her mother to join him there.[4] Park had a brother, David, who died aged 14.
When Park was 11, she returned to England and was educated at Rosa Bassett School in Streatham and at Somerville College, Oxford, where she graduated with a B.A. in modern languages in 1943. She was further educated at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she received a Certificate of Competent Knowledge in Russian in 1952.
Career
[edit]On graduating in 1943, Park turned down jobs in the Treasury and the Foreign Office to make a direct contribution to the war effort.[4] She then joined the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY). During the selection process for FANY, she came to the attention of the Special Operations Executive (SOE), due to her understanding of ciphers. Park was promoted to the rank of sergeant and trained groups of operatives for Operation Jedburgh, whose task was to support the Resistance in Europe.[4] In 1945 Park went to work as a briefing and dispatching officer in North Africa. On her return in 1946 she was sent to Vienna to establish an office for the Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), a unit of the Allied Commission responsible for tracking down former Axis scientists.
In 1948, she was attached to the Foreign Office, while actually working for the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, aka MI6), becoming Third Secretary of the United Kingdom's delegation to NATO in 1952. She then became Second Secretary of the British Embassy in Moscow between 1954 and 1956.
From 1959 to 1961 she was Consul and First Secretary to Léopoldville, which in practice meant being head of MI6 there. British parliamentarian David Lea wrote that shortly before she died, she claimed to have been involved organising the abduction and murder of Patrice Lumumba during the Congo Crisis. Park (allegedly) confided to Lea that the reasoning behind the assassination was MI6 fears that Lumumba would hand over the high-value Katangese uranium deposits of Shinkolobwe as well as the diamonds and other important minerals largely located in the secessionist eastern state of Katanga to the Russians.[5] The Shinkolobwe uranium mine provided the uranium used by the Manhattan Project, including in atomic bombs dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.[6]
She rose further through the ranks of the Foreign Office to serve in the British High Commission in Lusaka from 1964 to 1967 and then Consul-General to Hanoi from 1969 to 1970. In 1972 she was Chargé d'Affaires of the British Embassy of Ulan Bator for several months. From 1973 onwards she served in the Foreign Office then retired two years early in 1979 to become Principal of Somerville College, Oxford.[4]
Despite her known intelligence service, SIS would neither confirm nor deny she was under their employment.[7]
Affiliations
[edit]- 1971–72, Honourable Research Fellow at the University of Kent
- 1980–89, Principal of Somerville College
- 1982–87, Governor of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
- 1983–89, Member, British Library Board
- 1984–90, chairman, Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Aid
- 1985–89, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, University of Oxford
- 1989–90, director, Zoo Development Trust
- 1989–94, chairman, Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
- 1991–92, Trustee, Royal Armouries Development Trust
- 1994–96, Member, Forum UK
- 1994–2010, President, Society for the Promotion of the Training of Women
- 2003, Patron, Action Congo
- Member, Royal Asiatic Society
- Governor, Ditchley Foundation
- Trustee/Patron, Great Britain-Sasakawa Foundation
- Trustee, Jardine Educational Trust
- Trustee, Lucy Faithfull Travel Scholarship Fund
Honours and awards
[edit]In 1960, Park was invested as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for her service as Consul to Leopoldville.[8] In 1971 she was invested as a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for her service as Consul-General to Hanoi.[9] On 27 February 1990, she was created a life peer Baroness Park of Monmouth, of Broadway in the County of Hereford and Worcester,[10][11] and served as SIS's semi-official spokesperson in the House of Lords. According to Lord Rooker, Park told him that her choice of 'Monmouth' in her title was unconnected with the market town of Monmouth but chosen to honour Monmouth House, a building in which her friends in the Secret Intelligence Service worked.[12] She was an Honorary Fellow of Somerville College, and a Fellow of Chatham House (RIIA) and of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA).
Personal life
[edit]Park was unmarried and had no children. She died after a long illness on 24 March 2010, aged 88.[13][14] A Service of Thanksgiving for the Life and Work of Baroness Park was held on Tuesday 26 October 2010 and the eulogy was given by fellow ex-spy Sir Mark Allen, CMG.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ "Heroes and Villains". MI6: A Century in the Shadows. Episode 2. 3 August 2009. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ "Park Daphne Margaret Sybil Désiree". NameBase. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ^ Roth, Andrew (28 March 2010). "Lady Park of Monmouth obituary Senior MI6 officer, diplomat and Tory peer, she was known as the 'Queen of Spies'". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Obituary: Baroness Park of Monmouth". The Daily Telegraph. London. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ Letters, We did it, London Review of Books, Vol. 35 No. 7, 11 April 2013
- ^ Compare:McCrummen, Stephanie (4 August 2009). "Nearly Forgotten Forces of WWII". The Washington Post. Washington Post Foreign Service.
- ^ Warrell, Helen (8 December 2022). "The secret lives of MI6's top female spies". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ "No. 42231". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 December 1960. p. 8908.
- ^ "No. 45262". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1970. p. 4.
- ^ "No. 51981". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1989. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 52064". The London Gazette. 2 March 1990. p. 2841.
- ^ "Baroness Park of Monmouth". The Times. 8 November 2010. p. 57.
- ^ Evans, Michael (26 March 2010). "Daphne Park MI6 woman with a 30year secret career dies at 88". The Times. London.
- ^ "Obituary: Daphne Park, Baroness Park of Monmouth, MI6 Spy". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. 29 March 2010.
- ^ "Special Forces Club - Eulogy - Daphne Park". Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
Further reading
[edit]- "DodOnline". Archived from the original on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
- Paddy Hayes: Queen of spies, The autobiography of Daphne Park. Duckworth Publishers, 2015.
- Susan Williams: Spies in the Congo: The Race for the Ore that Built the Atomic Bomb. Hurst, June 2016, ISBN 9781849046381
- 1921 births
- 2010 deaths
- Burials in Oxfordshire
- Academics of the University of Kent
- Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
- Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
- BBC Governors
- Members of HM Diplomatic Service
- Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
- Conservative Party (UK) life peers
- Fellows of the Royal Asiatic Society
- Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
- MI6 personnel
- Officers of the Order of the British Empire
- People from Streatham
- Principals of Somerville College, Oxford
- British women in World War II
- British expatriates in the Soviet Union
- British women diplomats
- Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
- 20th-century British diplomats