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'''Guy Abeille''' is a French economist. He is credited with developing the "3% rule" as applied to [[Government budget balance|government deficit ceiling]] in France, which was later expanded to the [[Eurozone]]. |
'''Guy Abeille''' is a French economist. He is credited with developing the "3% rule" as applied to [[Government budget balance|government deficit ceiling]] in France, which was later expanded to the [[Eurozone]]. |
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In the late 70s and early 80s Abeille was part of the National Budget Office of the Ministry of Finance where he was responsible for budget forecasting.<ref name="leparisien"/> In 1981 after [[François Mitterrand]] came to power, he and fellow economist [[Roland de Villepin]] were asked to establish a risk-based criteria for fiscal [[deficit ceiling]] by the deputy head of the National Budget Office, [[Pierre Biger]].<ref name="leparisien"/><ref name="mondediplo">[http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2014/10/A/50854 Faut-il vraiment payer toute la dette? Sur un coin de table], ''[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]'', October 2014</ref> Abeille and Villepin are thus credited with creating the "3% rule" whereby the French deficit must not exceed 3% of the country's [[Gross Domestic Product]].<ref name="leparisien"/><ref name="mondediplo"/> |
In the late 70s and early 80s Abeille was part of the National Budget Office of the Ministry of Finance where he was responsible for budget forecasting.<ref name="leparisien"/> In 1981 after [[François Mitterrand]] came to power, he and fellow economist [[Roland de Villepin]] were asked to establish a risk-based criteria for fiscal [[deficit ceiling]] by the deputy head of the National Budget Office, [[Pierre Biger]].<ref name="leparisien"/><ref name="mondediplo">[http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2014/10/A/50854 Faut-il vraiment payer toute la dette? Sur un coin de table], ''[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]'', October 2014</ref> Abeille and Villepin are thus credited with creating the "3% rule" whereby the French deficit must not exceed 3% of the country's [[Gross Domestic Product]].<ref name="leparisien"/><ref name="mondediplo"/> |
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The 3% rule was later incorporated into the [[Maastricht criteria]], which establishes the requirements potential member states should meet to enter the third stage of the Eurozone and adopt the [[euro]] as their currency. The rule has been maintained through all subsequent treaties of the Monetary Union, including the [[Stability and Growth Pact]] and the [[European Fiscal Compact]].<ref name="leparisien"/><ref name="latribune">{{cite web|url=http://www.latribune.fr/opinions/tribunes/20101001trib000554871/a-l-origine-du-deficit-a-3-du-pib-une-invention-100-francaise.html|title=A l'origine du déficit à 3% du PIB, une invention 100%... française|work=La Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.lesechos.fr/dominique-seux/l-histoire-du-critere-de-3-a15011.html|title=Déficit public : L'histoire secrète du 3%|date=3 October 2014|work=lesechos.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite |
The 3% rule was later incorporated into the [[Maastricht criteria]], which establishes the requirements potential member states should meet to enter the third stage of the Eurozone and adopt the [[euro]] as their currency. The rule has been maintained through all subsequent treaties of the Monetary Union, including the [[Stability and Growth Pact]] and the [[European Fiscal Compact]].<ref name="leparisien"/><ref name="latribune">{{cite web|url=http://www.latribune.fr/opinions/tribunes/20101001trib000554871/a-l-origine-du-deficit-a-3-du-pib-une-invention-100-francaise.html|title=A l'origine du déficit à 3% du PIB, une invention 100%... française|work=La Tribune|date=October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.lesechos.fr/dominique-seux/l-histoire-du-critere-de-3-a15011.html|title=Déficit public : L'histoire secrète du 3%|date=3 October 2014|work=lesechos.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/wirtschaftswissen/3-prozent-defizitgrenze-wie-das-maastricht-kriterium-im-louvre-entstand-12591473.html|title=3-Prozent-Defizitgrenze: Wie das Maastricht-Kriterium im Louvre entstand|author=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH|date=26 September 2013|work=FAZ.NET}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2014/07/08/news/abeille_un_po_per_caso_e_senza_studi_precisi_cos_in_un_ora_inventai_il_limite_del_3_-90996110/|title=Abeille: "Un po' per caso e senza studi precisi, così in un'ora inventai il limite del 3%"|author=di ANAIS GINORI|date=8 July 2014|work=Repubblica.it}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:French economists]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:23, 6 November 2023
Guy Abeille | |
|---|---|
| Bildung | Ecole Nationale de la Statistique |
| Occupation | Economist |
Guy Abeille is a French economist. He is credited with developing the "3% rule" as applied to government deficit ceiling in France, which was later expanded to the Eurozone.
Early life
[edit]Guy Abeille graduated from Ecole Nationale de la Statistique in Paris.[1]
Career
[edit]Abeille first worked for the Ministry of Economy and Finance under conservative President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.[2]
In the late 70s and early 80s Abeille was part of the National Budget Office of the Ministry of Finance where he was responsible for budget forecasting.[1] In 1981 after François Mitterrand came to power, he and fellow economist Roland de Villepin were asked to establish a risk-based criteria for fiscal deficit ceiling by the deputy head of the National Budget Office, Pierre Biger.[1][3] Abeille and Villepin are thus credited with creating the "3% rule" whereby the French deficit must not exceed 3% of the country's Gross Domestic Product.[1][3]
The 3% rule was later incorporated into the Maastricht criteria, which establishes the requirements potential member states should meet to enter the third stage of the Eurozone and adopt the euro as their currency. The rule has been maintained through all subsequent treaties of the Monetary Union, including the Stability and Growth Pact and the European Fiscal Compact.[1][4][5][6][7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e 3% de déficit : «Le chiffre est né sur un coin de table», Le Parisien, September 28, 2012
- ^ Dominique Seux, Déficit public : L’histoire secrète du 3%, Les Échos, 3/10/2014
- ^ a b Faut-il vraiment payer toute la dette? Sur un coin de table, Le Monde Diplomatique, October 2014
- ^ "A l'origine du déficit à 3% du PIB, une invention 100%... française". La Tribune. October 2010.
- ^ "Déficit public : L'histoire secrète du 3%". lesechos.fr. 3 October 2014.
- ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH (26 September 2013). "3-Prozent-Defizitgrenze: Wie das Maastricht-Kriterium im Louvre entstand". FAZ.NET.
- ^ di ANAIS GINORI (8 July 2014). "Abeille: "Un po' per caso e senza studi precisi, così in un'ora inventai il limite del 3%"". Repubblica.it.
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