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m Robot - Moving category German fighter aircraft 1920–1929 to Category:1920s German fighter aircraft per CFD at Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2019 April 19.
→‎Specifications (I-7): Rm false precision
 
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
|name=HD 37, I-7
|name=HD 37, I-7
|image=Heinkel hd 37 san diego air and space museum.jpg
|image=VVS - Polikarpov I-7 (Heinkel HD 37c) SDASM.jpg
|caption=Heinkel HD 37
|caption=A VVS Polikarpov I-7
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|type=Fighter
|type=Fighter
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|manufacturer=[[Heinkel]], [[TsKB]]
|manufacturer=[[Heinkel]], [[TsKB]]
|designer=
|designer=
|first flight={{avyear|1928}}
|first flight=1928
|introduced=
|introduced=
|retired=
|retired=
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|more users=
|more users=
|produced=
|produced=
|number built=134+
|number built=2x HD37 and 132+ I-7
|variants with their own articles=
|variants with their own articles=
}}
}}
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It had been designed for the clandestine air force that the ''[[Reichswehr]]'' was training at [[Lipetsk]], but had been rejected by German officials, who purchased the [[Fokker D.XIII]] instead.
It had been designed for the clandestine air force that the ''[[Reichswehr]]'' was training at [[Lipetsk]], but had been rejected by German officials, who purchased the [[Fokker D.XIII]] instead.


The Soviet Air Force was experiencing a crisis with the obsolescence of its main fighter, the [[Polikarpov I-5]], with no replacement apparently forthcoming from domestic manufacturers. When Heinkel was approached to provide an alternative, the firm was able to offer the HD 37, and the two prototypes were flown to [[Moscow]] in early 1928. Flight testing produced mixed results. While the basic design was apparently sound, Soviet test pilots reported many deficiencies in handling, and Heinkel was presented with a long list of complex changes to be made. Heinkel responded with the [[Heinkel HD 43|HD 43]], and when the same Soviet test pilots found that they liked it even less than the HD 37, attention shifted once again to the previous design by the end of 1929. Early the following year, the Soviet government bought a licence to manufacture the type for the next three years, paying Heinkel 150,000 Marks for it. Manufacturing was to be carried out by [[TsKB]], and the designation '''I-7''' was assigned.
The Soviet Air Force was experiencing a crisis with the obsolescence of its main fighter, the [[Polikarpov I-5]], with no replacement apparently forthcoming from domestic manufacturers. When Heinkel was approached to provide an alternative, the firm was able to offer the HD 37, and the two prototypes were flown to [[Moscow]] in early 1928. Flight testing produced mixed results. While the basic design was apparently sound, Soviet test pilots reported many deficiencies in handling, and Heinkel was presented with a long list of complex changes to be made. Heinkel responded with the [[Heinkel HD 43|HD 43]], and when the same Soviet test pilots found that they liked it even less than the HD 37, attention shifted once again to the previous design by the end of 1929. Early the following year, the Soviet government bought a licence to manufacture the type for the next three years, paying Heinkel 150,000 Marks for it. Manufacturing was carried out by [[TsKB]] (''Tsentrahl'noye konstrooktorskoye byuro'' - central construction bureau) and [[Polikarpov]], given the designation '''I-7'''.


Many of the improvements that had been adopted in the creation of the HD 43 were eventually implemented in the I-7 as well, along with other modifications, and by the time the first examples flew in summer 1931, flight test results were positive. Despite ongoing difficulties in obtaining materials, 131 examples were produced by 1934. Most of these served briefly with units in [[Belarus]], but by the time the last examples were leaving the factory, the type was already obsolete.
Many of the improvements that had been adopted in the creation of the HD 43 were eventually implemented in the I-7 as well, along with other modifications, and by the time the first examples flew in summer 1931, flight test results were positive. Despite on-going difficulties in obtaining materials, 131 examples were produced by 1934. Most of these served briefly with units in [[Belarus]], but by the time the last examples were leaving the factory, the type was already obsolete.

==Variants==
;HD 37a: 1 built.
;HD 37b: 1 built.
;HD 37c: The third sub-series, produced under licence by [[Polikarpov]] after adaptation by [[TsKB]] (''Tsentrahl'noye konstrooktorskoye byuro'' - central construction bureau): 132+ built.
;Polikarpov I-7: The licence-built HD 37c adapted by TsKB by fitting a [[Mikulin M-17F]] engine, [[PV-1 machine gun]]s and Soviet radio.


==Operators==
==Operators==
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==Specifications (I-7)==
==Specifications (I-7)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aerospecs
|ref=Aircraft of the Soviet Union : the encyclopaedia of Soviet aircraft since 1917<ref name=Gunston>{{cite book |last1=Gunston |first1=Bill |title=Aircraft of the Soviet Union : the encyclopaedia of Soviet aircraft since 1917 |date=1983 |publisher=Osprey |location=London |isbn=085045445X |edition=1st |page=298 }}</ref>
|ref=
|prime units? = met
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->met
|crew=one pilot
|crew=1
|capacity=
|length m=6.95
|length m=6.95
|length ft=22
|length in=10
|span m=10.00
|span m=10.00
|span ft=32
|span in=10
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|height m=3.20
|height m=3.20
|height ft=10
|height in=6
|wing area sqm=25.9
|wing area sqm=25.9
⚫
|empty weight kg=1296
|wing area sqft=279
|empty weight kg=1,419
|gross weight kg=1729
|fuel capacity= {{cvt|200|kg|0}} fuel and oil
⚫
|empty weight lb=3,121
|gross weight kg=1,792
|gross weight lb=3,942
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 type=[[Mikulin M-17]]F
|eng1 name=[[Mikulin M-17F]]
|eng1 kw=540
|eng1 hp=730
|eng1 hp=730
|eng1 note={{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
|eng2 number=
⚫
|max speed kmh=290
|eng2 type=
|max speed note=at sea level<br>
|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
*'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|96|km/h|mph kn|0}}
|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
⚫
|max speed kmh=291
|max speed mph=182
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|range km=700
|range km=700
⚫
|ceiling m=7200
|range miles=440
|time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 2 minutes
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
⚫
|ceiling m=7,200
|ceiling ft=23,600
|climb rate ms=9.7
|climb rate ms=9.7
|climb rate ftmin=1,900
|climb rate note={{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
|armament1=2 × fixed, forward-firing 7.62 mm (.30 in) [[PV-1 machine gun]]s
|guns = 2× fixed, forward-firing {{cvt|7.62|mm|3}} [[PV-1 machine gun]]s
|more performance=<br />
|armament2=
*'''360° turn:''' 12 seconds
|armament3=
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt|90|m|0}} / 7 seconds
|armament4=
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt|160|m|0}} / 13 seconds
|armament5=
|armament6=
}}
<!-- ==See also== -->
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|see also=
|related=<!-- related developments -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
}}
}}


==References==
<!-- ==Notes== -->

{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
==Further reading==
{{commons category|Heinkel HD 37}}
{{commons category|Heinkel HD 37}}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=499 }}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=499 }}
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{{Heinkel aircraft}}
{{Heinkel aircraft}}
{{Soviet fighter aircraft}}
{{Soviet fighter designations}}


[[Category:1920s German fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:1920s German fighter aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 13:04, 19 November 2023

HD 37, I-7
A VVS Polikarpov I-7
Role Fighter
National origin Deutschland
Manufacturer Heinkel, TsKB
First flight 1928
Primary user Soviet Air Force
Number built 2x HD37 and 132+ I-7

The Heinkel HD 37 was a fighter aircraft, designed in Germany in the late 1920s, but produced in the USSR for Soviet Air Force service. It was a compact, single-bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span, braced by N-type interplane struts. The pilot sat in an open cockpit, and the main units of the tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross-axle.

Design and development

[edit]

It had been designed for the clandestine air force that the Reichswehr was training at Lipetsk, but had been rejected by German officials, who purchased the Fokker D.XIII instead.

The Soviet Air Force was experiencing a crisis with the obsolescence of its main fighter, the Polikarpov I-5, with no replacement apparently forthcoming from domestic manufacturers. When Heinkel was approached to provide an alternative, the firm was able to offer the HD 37, and the two prototypes were flown to Moscow in early 1928. Flight testing produced mixed results. While the basic design was apparently sound, Soviet test pilots reported many deficiencies in handling, and Heinkel was presented with a long list of complex changes to be made. Heinkel responded with the HD 43, and when the same Soviet test pilots found that they liked it even less than the HD 37, attention shifted once again to the previous design by the end of 1929. Early the following year, the Soviet government bought a licence to manufacture the type for the next three years, paying Heinkel 150,000 Marks for it. Manufacturing was carried out by TsKB (Tsentrahl'noye konstrooktorskoye byuro - central construction bureau) and Polikarpov, given the designation I-7.

Many of the improvements that had been adopted in the creation of the HD 43 were eventually implemented in the I-7 as well, along with other modifications, and by the time the first examples flew in summer 1931, flight test results were positive. Despite on-going difficulties in obtaining materials, 131 examples were produced by 1934. Most of these served briefly with units in Belarus, but by the time the last examples were leaving the factory, the type was already obsolete.

Variants

[edit]
HD 37a
1 built.
HD 37b
1 built.
HD 37c
The third sub-series, produced under licence by Polikarpov after adaptation by TsKB (Tsentrahl'noye konstrooktorskoye byuro - central construction bureau): 132+ built.
Polikarpov I-7
The licence-built HD 37c adapted by TsKB by fitting a Mikulin M-17F engine, PV-1 machine guns and Soviet radio.

Operators

[edit]
 Soviet Union

Specifications (I-7)

[edit]

Data from Aircraft of the Soviet Union : the encyclopaedia of Soviet aircraft since 1917[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 6.95 m (22 ft 10 in)
  • Wingspan: 10.00 m (32 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 3.20 m (10 ft 6 in)
  • Wing area: 25.9 m2 (279 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 1,296 kg (2,857 lb)
  • Gross weight: 1,729 kg (3,812 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 200 kg (441 lb) fuel and oil
  • Powerplant: 1 × Mikulin M-17F , 540 kW (730 hp) [citation needed]

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 290 km/h (180 mph, 160 kn) at sea level
  • Landing speed: 96 km/h (60 mph; 52 kn)
  • Range: 700 km (430 mi, 380 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,200 m (23,600 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 9.7 m/s (1,910 ft/min) [citation needed]
  • Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 2 minutes
  • 360° turn: 12 seconds
  • Take-off run: 90 m (295 ft) / 7 seconds
  • Landing run: 160 m (525 ft) / 13 seconds

Armament

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gunston, Bill (1983). Aircraft of the Soviet Union : the encyclopaedia of Soviet aircraft since 1917 (1st ed.). London: Osprey. p. 298. ISBN 085045445X.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heinkel HD 37.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 499.
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