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'''Cryosuction''' is concept of negative pressure in freezing soil resulting from transformation of liquid water to ice in the soil pores whereby [[water]] migrates through soil pores to the freezing zone (through [[capillary action]]).<ref>{{Cite journal
'''Cryosuction''' is the concept of negative pressure in freezing liquids so that more liquid is sucked into the freezing zone. In soil, the transformation of liquid water to ice in the [[soil pore]]s causes water to migrate through soil pores to the freezing zone through [[capillary action]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1017/S0032247400013231
| doi = 10.1017/S0032247400013231
| volume = 27
| volume = 27
Line 6: Line 6:
| last = Williams
| last = Williams
| first = P.J.
| first = P.J.
| coauthors = M.W. Smith
|author2=M.W. Smith
| title = The Frozen Earth: Fundamentals of Geocryology
| title = The Frozen Earth: Fundamentals of Geocryology
| journal = Polar Record
| journal = [[Polar Record]]
| accessdate = 2010-05-31
| year = 1991
| year = 1991
| doi-access = free
| url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=5414640
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite journal
<ref>{{Cite journal
Line 26: Line 25:


| journal = Cold Regions Science and Technology
| journal = Cold Regions Science and Technology

| accessdate = 2010-05-31


| date = March 1997
| date = March 1997


| bibcode = 1997CRST...25..101H
| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V86-3SVY5J3-2/2/b40dc1b152225adc9ae4b7d379a60170

}}</ref>
}}</ref>
==History of discovery==
⚫
Fine-grained soils such as clays and silts enables greater negative pressures than more coarse-grained soils due to the smaller pore size. In [[periglacial]] environments, this mechanism is highly significant and it is the predominant process in [[ice lens]] formation in permafrost areas.<ref>{{Cite journal
In 1930, Stephen Taber demonstrated that liquid water migrates towards the freeze line within soil. He showed that other liquids, such as [[benzene]], which contracts when it freezes, also produce frost heave.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last = Taber
| first = Stephen
| title = The mechanics of frost heaving
| journal = Journal of Geology
| volume = 38
| issue = 4
| pages = 303–317
| year = 1930
| url = https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA247424.pdf
| doi = 10.1086/623720
| bibcode = 1930JG.....38..303T
| s2cid = 129655820
| access-date = 2010-03-24
| archive-date = 2013-04-08
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130408133501/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA247424
| url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref>

⚫
Fine-grained soils such as clays and silts enable greater negative pressures than more coarse-grained soils due to the smaller pore size. In [[periglacial]] environments, this mechanism is highly significant and it is the predominant process in [[ice lens]] formation in [[permafrost]] areas.<ref>{{Cite journal


| doi = 10.1080/10298430412331317464
| doi = 10.1080/10298430412331317464
Line 44: Line 60:
| issue = 4
| issue = 4


| pages = 185
| pages = 185–192


| last = Doré
| last = Doré
Line 53: Line 69:


| journal = International Journal of Pavement Engineering
| journal = International Journal of Pavement Engineering

| accessdate = 2010-05-31


| year = 2004
| year = 2004


|s2cid = 136685950}}</ref>
| url = http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/10298430412331317464


⚫
As of 2001, several models for ice-lens formation by cryosuction existed, among others the [[hydrodynamic]] model and the [[Premelting]] model, many of them based on the [[Clausius–Clapeyron relation]] with various assumptions, yielding cryosuction potentials of 11 to 12 atm per degree Celsius below zero depending on pore size.<ref>{{cite book
⚫
}}</ref>
⚫
Several models for ice-lens formation by cryosuction exist, among others the Hydrodynamic model and the Pre-melting model, many of them based on the [[Clausius-Clapeyron relation]] with various assumptions, yielding cryosuction potentials of 11 to 12 atm per degree Celsius below zero depending on pore size.<ref>{{cite book


|last=Davis
|last=Davis
|first=Neil
|first=Neil
|title=Permafrost: A Guide to Frozen Ground in Transistion
|title=Permafrost: A Guide to Frozen Ground in Transition
|year=2001
|year=2001
|publisher=University of Alaska Press
|publisher=University of Alaska Press
|isbn=1-889963-19-4|pages=351
|isbn=978-1-889963-19-8|pages=351
}}</ref>
}}</ref>

In 2023, experiments from the [[ETH Zurich]] were published, in which the process could be observed between glass slides in a [[confocal microscope]]. In [[single-crystal]] experiments the rate of ice growth was slow, but with [[polycrystalline]] ice there were many more channels to suck in water to grow ice. How [[solutes]] in the water influence cryosuction is still unexplored.<ref>Katherine Wright [https://physics.aps.org/articles/v16/194 Liquid Veins Give Ice Its Road-Wrecking Power] November 16, 2023, Physics Magazine 16, 194</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Pore water pressure]]
* [[Pore water pressure]]
* [[Suction]]
* [[Suction]]
* [[Permafrost]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://nsidc.org/learn/cryosphere-glossary/c?name=cryosuction Cryosuction] Cryosphere glossary, [[National Snow and Ice Data Center]], Canada, accessed 22 November 2023


{{periglacial environment}}
{{periglacial environment}}


[[Category:Arctic geography terminology]]
[[Category:Geography of the Arctic]]
[[Category:Geomorphology]]
[[Category:Geomorphology]]
[[Category:Hydrology]]
[[Category:Hydrology]]




{{Geology-stub}}
{{Geomorphology-stub}}
{{Hydrology-stub}}
{{Hydrology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:38, 22 November 2023

Cryosuction is the concept of negative pressure in freezing liquids so that more liquid is sucked into the freezing zone. In soil, the transformation of liquid water to ice in the soil pores causes water to migrate through soil pores to the freezing zone through capillary action.[1] [2]

History of discovery

[edit]

In 1930, Stephen Taber demonstrated that liquid water migrates towards the freeze line within soil. He showed that other liquids, such as benzene, which contracts when it freezes, also produce frost heave.[3]

Fine-grained soils such as clays and silts enable greater negative pressures than more coarse-grained soils due to the smaller pore size. In periglacial environments, this mechanism is highly significant and it is the predominant process in ice lens formation in permafrost areas.[4]

As of 2001, several models for ice-lens formation by cryosuction existed, among others the hydrodynamic model and the Premelting model, many of them based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relation with various assumptions, yielding cryosuction potentials of 11 to 12 atm per degree Celsius below zero depending on pore size.[5]

In 2023, experiments from the ETH Zurich were published, in which the process could be observed between glass slides in a confocal microscope. In single-crystal experiments the rate of ice growth was slow, but with polycrystalline ice there were many more channels to suck in water to grow ice. How solutes in the water influence cryosuction is still unexplored.[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Williams, P.J.; M.W. Smith (1991). "The Frozen Earth: Fundamentals of Geocryology". Polar Record. 27 (163): 370. doi:10.1017/S0032247400013231.
  2. ^ Hohmann, Maria (March 1997). "Soil freezing -- the concept of soil water potential. State of the art". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 25 (2): 101–110. Bibcode:1997CRST...25..101H. doi:10.1016/S0165-232X(96)00019-5. ISSN 0165-232X.
  3. ^ Taber, Stephen (1930). "The mechanics of frost heaving" (PDF). Journal of Geology. 38 (4): 303–317. Bibcode:1930JG.....38..303T. doi:10.1086/623720. S2CID 129655820. Archived from the original on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  4. ^ Doré, Guy (2004). "Development and Validation of the Thaw-weakening Index". International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 5 (4): 185–192. doi:10.1080/10298430412331317464. ISSN 1029-8436. S2CID 136685950.
  5. ^ Davis, Neil (2001). Permafrost: A Guide to Frozen Ground in Transition. University of Alaska Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-1-889963-19-8.
  6. ^ Katherine Wright Liquid Veins Give Ice Its Road-Wrecking Power November 16, 2023, Physics Magazine 16, 194
[edit]


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