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Raymonde Dien (née Huberdeau; 13 May 1929^[1] – 19 August 2022) was a French communist activist. She became known for being imprisoned for ten months in 1950 after a protest against the Indochina War.

Leben

On 23 February 1950, Raymonde Dien, a shorthand typist, participated in an improvised demonstration, alongside several hundred other members and supporters of the French Communist Party. They demonstrated at the train station of Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, in order to slow down a military train transporting armoured vehicles destined for Indochina.^[2] The crowd occupied the train tracks, and some participants lay down on them. Once the demonstration was over, the military personnel in charge of the convoy signalled a woman wearing trousers to the police forces. She was arrested by the police.^[3] They matched her to the description and had witnesses recognize her. They accused her of having lain down on the tracks.^[2]^[4]

She was imprisoned in Tours. She was the only demonstrator to be prosecuted; the secretary of the railroaders' section of the CGT, a French trade union associated with the Communist Party, also imprisoned, was freed after three weeks. She was prosecuted for "participation in an act of deterioration of equipment susceptible to be used for national Defense."^[5] She was transferred to the Fort of Hâ in Bordeaux, where she was incarcerated with two ex-secretaries of the Gestapo.^[2]

The lawyer Marie-Louise Jacquier-Cachin defended her,^[2]^[6] but a military court condemned her after a two-day trial, on 1 June 1950, to a year in prison^[2] and fifteen years of deprivation of civic rights.

Her trial was politically motivated.^[7] Alongside Henri Martin,^[2] she became a symbol of the opposition to the Indochina War. A campaign to support her was organised in France and in communist countries. Maurice Thorez, general secretary of the Communist Party, declared his support to both Henri Martin and her,^[5] and they also became part of an activist song: "Henri Martin, Raymonde Dien / Don't want us to kill the Vietnamese / They love peace so much / That they are suspect to the judges."^[2]

Raymonde Dien was freed on Christmas in 1950.^[5] Between 1953 and 1958, she was one of the leaders of the Union des jeunes filles de France ('Union of Young Women of France'), the women's branch of the PCF's youth organization.

Dien died on 19 August 2022, at the age of 93.^[8]

Tributes

In Vietnam:
- In 2004, Raymonde Dien was awarded the Vietnamese Medal of Friendship.
- A street of Ho Chi Minh City is named after her.
In the Soviet Union:
- In 1953, Valerian Kirhoglani [ru] created a statue of Dien, which is erected in the Moskovsky Victory Park in Saint Petersburg. The statue represents Dien lying down on train tracks. There is a copy of this statue in Zelenogorsk.
- In 1950, a passage of Sergei Prokofiev's and Samuil Marshak's oratorio On Guard for Peace pays her hommage.
In France : A street in Saint-Pierre-des-Corps is named 23 February 1950 street.
In Poland: Wisława Szymborska wrote a poem about Dien called Tarcza ('Shield') which appeared in her debut book Dlatego żyjemy ('That's Why We Are All Alive').^[9]

References

^ Claude Pennetier (dir.), vol. 4 : Cos à Dy, Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, coll. « Le Maitron », 2008, 460 p. (ISBN 978-2-7082-3995-1), p. 331.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Alain Ruscio, "Il y a 60 ans, Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin", L'Humanité, 11 March 2010 https://www.humanite.fr/node/434397 [accessed 4 May 2019]
^ Bodin, Michel (2000). "L'ENGAGEMENT DES FEMMES DURANT LA GUERRE D'INDOCHINE 1945–1954". Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains (198): 137–149. ISSN 0984-2292. JSTOR 25732682.
^ Ruscio, Alain (2005). L'affaire Henri Martin et la lutte contre la guerre d'Indochine. Paris: Éd. Le Temps des Cerises. pp. 171–179. ISBN 978-2841095001.
^ ^a ^b ^c Alain Ruscio (3 March 2010). "il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d'Indochine". section de Toulon de la Ligue des droits de l'homme. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ "Raymonde Dien se souvient". Association d'amitié franco-vietnamienne. Retrieved 6 February 2013. http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130206192020/http://www.aafv.org/Raymonde-Dien-se-souvient
^ Coddacioni, Vanessa (2017). "Le procès politique comme coproduction entre l'État et ses opposants: l'exemple des affaires communistes (1947–1962)". Histoire de la Justice. 1 (27): 163–175. doi:10.3917/rhj.027.0163 – via Cairn.
^ "Vietnam's great friend passes away". Vietnamplus. 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
^ Wisława Szymborska, Dlatego żyjemy, Warsaw 1954, p. 10.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|French communist activist (1929–2022)}}
-'''Raymonde Dien''' was born '''Raymonde Huberdeau''' on May 13th, 1929 in [[Mansigné]].<ref>Claude Pennetier (<abbr>dir.</abbr>), , <abbr>vol.</abbr> 4 : ''Cos à Dy'', Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, <abbr>coll.</abbr> « Le Maitron », 2008, 460 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 978-2-7082-3995-1</nowiki>)</small>, <abbr>p.</abbr> 331.</ref> She was a French communist activist. She became known for being imprisoned during ten months in 1950 after a protest against the [[First Indochina War|Indochina war.]]
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
+[[File:Sankt-Petěrburg 195.jpg|thumb|Statue of Dien in the [[Moskovsky Victory Park]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]]]
+[[File:Памятник Раймонде Дьен в Зеленогорске СПб.JPG|thumb|Copy of the statue of Dien, in [[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg]]]]
+'''Raymonde Dien''' ({{Nee|'''Huberdeau'''}}; 13 May 1929<ref>Claude Pennetier (<abbr>dir.</abbr>), <abbr>vol.</abbr> 4 : ''Cos à Dy'', Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, <abbr>coll.</abbr> « Le Maitron », 2008, 460 <abbr>p.</abbr> ({{ISBN|978-2-7082-3995-1}}), <abbr>p.</abbr> 331.</ref> – 19 August 2022) was a French [[communist]] activist. She became known for being imprisoned for ten months in 1950 after a protest against the [[First Indochina War|Indochina War]].
 == Life ==
-On February 23rd, 1950, Raymonde Dien, a shorthand typist, participates to an improvised demonstration, alongside several hundred other members and supporters of the [[French Communist Party|PCF]], the French Communist Party. They demonstrate at the train station of [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]], in order to slow down a military train transporting armoured vehicles destined to [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]]<ref name="a">Alain Ruscio, "Il y a 60 ans, Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin", ''L'Humanité'', 11 March 2010 https://www.humanite.fr/node/434397 [accessed 4 May 2019]</ref>. The crowd occupies the train tracks, some participants lie down on them. One the demonstration over, the military personnel in charge of the convoy signal a woman wearing trousers to the police forces. She is arrested by the police<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bodin|first=Michel|date=2000|title=L'ENGAGEMENT DES FEMMES DURANT LA GUERRE D'INDOCHINE 1945-1954|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25732682|journal=Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains|issue=198|pages=137–149|issn=0984-2292}}</ref>. They matched her to the description and had witnesses recognize her. They accused her of having lied down on the tracks<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=L’affaire Henri Martin et la lutte contre la guerre d’Indochine|last=Ruscio|first=Alain|publisher=Éd. Le Temps des Cerises|year=2005|isbn=2841095002|location=Paris|pages=171-179}}</ref>.
+On 23 February 1950, Raymonde Dien, a shorthand typist, participated in an improvised demonstration, alongside several hundred other members and supporters of the [[French Communist Party]]. They demonstrated at the train station of [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]], in order to slow down a military train transporting armoured vehicles destined for [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]].<ref name="a">Alain Ruscio, "Il y a 60 ans, Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin", ''L'Humanité'', 11 March 2010 https://www.humanite.fr/node/434397 [accessed 4 May 2019]</ref> The crowd occupied the train tracks, and some participants lay down on them. Once the demonstration was over, the military personnel in charge of the convoy signalled a woman wearing trousers to the police forces. She was arrested by the police.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bodin|first=Michel|date=2000|title=L'ENGAGEMENT DES FEMMES DURANT LA GUERRE D'INDOCHINE 1945–1954|journal=Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains|issue=198|pages=137–149|issn=0984-2292|jstor=25732682}}</ref> They matched her to the description and had witnesses recognize her. They accused her of having lain down on the tracks.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=L'affaire Henri Martin et la lutte contre la guerre d'Indochine|last=Ruscio|first=Alain|publisher=Éd. Le Temps des Cerises|year=2005|isbn=978-2841095001|location=Paris|pages=171–179}}</ref>
-She is imprisoned in [[Tours]]. She is the only demonstrator to be prosecuted; the secretary of the railroaders' section of the [[General Confederation of Labour (France)|CGT]], a French trade union associated with the Communist party, also imprisoned, is freed after three weeks. She is prosecuted for "participation in an act of deterioration of equipment susceptible to be used for national Defense."<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article3780|title=il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d’Indochine|last=[[Alain Ruscio]]|date=3 mars 2010|publisher=section de [[Toulon]] de la [[Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen|Ligue des droits de l'homme]]|access-date=6 février 2013}}.</ref> She is transfered to the [[Château du Hâ|fort of Hâ]] in [[Bordeaux]], where she is incarcerated with two ex-secretaries of the [[Gestapo|Gestapo.]]<ref name="a" />
+She was imprisoned in [[Tours]]. She was the only demonstrator to be prosecuted; the secretary of the railroaders' section of the [[General Confederation of Labour (France)|CGT]], a French trade union associated with the Communist Party, also imprisoned, was freed after three weeks. She was prosecuted for "participation in an act of deterioration of equipment susceptible to be used for national Defense."<ref name="b">{{cite web|url=http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article3780|title=il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d'Indochine|last=[[Alain Ruscio]]|date=3 March 2010|publisher=section de [[Toulon]] de la [[Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen|Ligue des droits de l'homme]]|access-date=6 February 2013}}</ref> She was transferred to the [[Château du Hâ|Fort of Hâ]] in [[Bordeaux]], where she was incarcerated with two ex-secretaries of the [[Gestapo]].<ref name="a" />
-Lawyer [[Marie-Louise Jacquier-Cachin]] defends her<ref name="a" /><ref>"Raymonde Dien se souvient". Association d'amitié franco-vietnamienne. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
+The lawyer [[Marie-Louise Jacquier-Cachin]] defended her,<ref name="a" /><ref>"Raymonde Dien se souvient". Association d'amitié franco-vietnamienne. Retrieved 6 February 2013. http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130206192020/http://www.aafv.org/Raymonde-Dien-se-souvient</ref> but a military court condemned her after a two-day trial, on 1 June 1950, to a year in prison<ref name="a" /> and fifteen years of deprivation of civic rights.
+Her trial was politically motivated.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Coddacioni|first=Vanessa|date=2017|title=Le procès politique comme coproduction entre l'État et ses opposants: l'exemple des affaires communistes (1947–1962)|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-de-la-justice-2017-1-page-163.htm|journal=Histoire de la Justice|volume=1|issue=27|pages=163–175|doi=10.3917/rhj.027.0163 |via=Cairn}}</ref> Alongside [[Henri Martin (French politician)|Henri Martin]],<ref name="a" /> she became a symbol of the opposition to the Indochina War. A campaign to support her was organised in France and in communist countries. [[Maurice Thorez]], general secretary of the Communist Party, declared his support to both Henri Martin and her,<ref name="b"/> and they also became part of an activist song: "Henri Martin, Raymonde Dien / Don't want us to kill the Vietnamese / They love peace so much / That they are suspect to the judges."<ref name="a" />
-http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafv.org%2FRaymonde-Dien-se-souvient</ref>, but a military court condemns her after a two-day trial, on June 1st, 1950, to a year in prison<ref name="a" /> and fifteen years of deprivation of civic rights.
+Raymonde Dien was freed on Christmas in 1950.<ref name="b"/> Between 1953 and 1958, she was one of the leaders of the Union des jeunes filles de France ('Union of Young Women of France'), the women's branch of the PCF's youth organization.
-Her trial was clearly political.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Coddacioni|first=Vanessa|date=2017|title=Le procès politique comme coproduction entre l’État et ses opposants : l’exemple des affaires communistes (1947-1962)|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-de-la-justice-2017-1-page-163.htm|journal=Histoire de la Justice|volume=1(27)|pages=163-175|via=Cairn}}</ref> Alongside [[Henri Martin (French politician)|Henri Martin,]]<ref name="a" /> she became a symbol of the opposition to the Indochina war. A campaign to support her was organized in France and in Communist countries. [[Maurice Thorez]], general secretary of the Communist party, declared his support to both Henri Martin and her,<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article3780|title=il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d’Indochine|last=[[Alain Ruscio]]|date=3 mars 2010|publisher=section de [[Toulon]] de la [[Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen|Ligue des droits de l'homme]]|access-date=6 février 2013}}.</ref> and they also became part of an activist song: "Henri Martin, Raymonde Dien / Don't want us to kill the Vietnamese / They love peace so much / That they are suspect to the judges." <ref name="a" />
+Dien died on 19 August 2022, at the age of 93.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnams-great-friend-passes-away/235981.amp |title=Vietnam's great friend passes away |work=Vietnamplus |date=20 August 2022 |access-date=20 August 2022}}</ref>
-Raymonde Dien is freed on Christmas in 1950<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article3780|title=il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d’Indochine|last=[[Alain Ruscio]]|date=3 mars 2010|publisher=section de [[Toulon]] de la [[Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen|Ligue des droits de l'homme]]|access-date=6 février 2013}}.</ref>. Between 1953 and 1958, she was one of the leaders of the Union des jeunes filles de France (Union of young women of France), the women's branch of the PCF's youth organization.
 == Tributes ==
-* In [[Vietnam]]:
+* In Vietnam:
 ** In 2004, Raymonde Dien was awarded the Vietnamese Medal of Friendship.
-** A street of [[Ho Chi Minh City|Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville]] is named after her.
+** A street of [[Ho Chi Minh City]] is named after her.
+* In the [[Soviet Union]]:
+** In 1953, {{Interlanguage link|Valerian Kirhoglani|ru}} created a statue of Dien, which is erected in the [[Moskovsky Victory Park]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. The statue represents Dien lying down on train tracks. There is a copy of this statue in [[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg|Zelenogorsk]].
-* In the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]:
+** In 1950, a passage of [[Sergei Prokofiev]]'s and [[Samuil Marshak]]'s oratorio ''[[On Guard for Peace (Prokofiev)|On Guard for Peace]]'' pays her hommage.
-** In 1953, {{Interlanguage link|Valerian Kirhoglani}} makes a statue of her, which is erected in the érigée au [[Moskovsky Victory Park]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. The statue represents Raymonde Dien lying down on train tracks. There is a copy of this statue in[[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg|Zelenogorsk]].
+* In France :  A street in [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]] is named 23 February 1950 street.
-** En 1950, a passage of [[Sergei Prokofiev|Serguei Prokofiev]] and [[Samuil Marshak|Samouil Marchak]]'s oratorio « {{lang|ru|На страже мира}} », pays her hommage.
+* In Poland: [[Wisława Szymborska]] wrote a poem about Dien called ''Tarcza'' ('Shield') which appeared in her debut book ''Dlatego żyjemy'' ('That's Why We Are All Alive').<ref>Wisława Szymborska, ''Dlatego żyjemy'', Warsaw 1954, p. 10.</ref>
-* In [[France]] :  A street in [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]] is named February 23rd, 1950 street.
-<gallery>
-File:Fichier:Памятник Раймонде Дьен в Зеленогорске СПб.JPG|The statue in [[Zelenogorsk (Saint-Pétersbourg)|Zelenogorsk]].
-File:Fichier:Sankt-Petěrburg 195.jpg|The statue in [[Saint-Pétersbourg|Saint Petersburg]].
-</gallery>
 == References ==
-*
-* <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr>/<abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : vietnamien">(vi)/(fr)</abbr> This article is largely translated from the French article on Raymonde Dien, itself partially or totally inspired by the Russian article  <span class="plainlinks">« [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0?oldid=47283098 Дьен, Раймонда] » <small>([https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0?action=history voir la liste des auteurs])</small></span> and the Vietnamese <span class="plainlinks">« [https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymondienne?oldid=10126279 Raymondienne] » <small>([https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymondienne?action=history voir la liste des auteurs])</small></span>.
 {{Reflist}}
 == See also ==
 * [[Henri Martin affair]]
-{{Portal bar|Empire colonial français|Viêt Nam|Indre-et-Loire|communisme|Années 1950}}
 {{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Dien, Raymonde}}
+[[Category:1929 births]]
+[[Category:2022 deaths]]
 [[Category:People from Indre-et-Loire]]
 [[Category:French Communist Party members]]
-[[Category:WikiProject Europe articles]]
+[[Category:French pacifists]]
-[[Category:WikiProject France articles]]
-[[Category:WikiProject Vietnam articles]]
-[[Category:WikiProject Women in Red 2019 articles]]
-[[Category:France]]
 [[Category:Indochina Wars]]
-[[Category:Vietnam]]
+[[Category:20th-century French women]]
-[[Category:French communists]]
+[[Category:21st-century French women]]
-[[Category:French women]]
-[[Category:1929 births]]
-[[Category:Possibly living people]]

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