Methodios I of Constantinople: Difference between revisions

Saint

Methodios I of Constantinople
Saint; Methodios I of Constantinople
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Installed	843
Term ended	847
Predecessor	John VII
Successor	St Ignatius
Personal details
Denomination	Chalcedonian Christianity

Saint

Methodius I
Saint; Methodius I
	Late 14th-early 15th century icon illustrating the "Triumph of Orthodoxy" in 843. Methodius is depicted in the upper register, to the right of the icon, with Theodora and her son Michael to the left. (National Icon Collection 18, British Museum)
Patriarch of Constantinople; Hegumen
Born	788; Syracuse, Theme of Sicily; (modern-day Italy)
Died	847; Constantinople, Byzantine Empire; (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey)
Venerated in	Eastern Orthodox Church; Roman Catholic Church
Feast	June 14

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Methodios I or Methodius I (Greek: Μεθόδιος Α΄; 788/800 – June 14, 847) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from March 4, 843 to June 14, 847. He was born in Syracuse and died in Constantinople. His feast day is celebrated on June 14 in both the East and the West.

Life

Born to wealthy parents, Methodios was sent as a young man to Constantinople to continue his education and hopefully attain an appointment at court. But instead he entered a monastery in Bithynia, eventually becoming abbot.^{[citation needed]}

Under Emperor Leo V the Armenian (813–820) the Iconoclast persecution broke out for the second time. In 815 Methodios went to Rome, perhaps as an envoy of the deposed Patriarch Nikephorοs. Upon his return in 821 he was arrested and exiled as an iconodule by the Iconoclast regime of Emperor Michael II. Methodios was released in 829 and assumed a position of importance at the court of the even more fervently iconoclast Emperor Theophilos.^{[citation needed]}

Patriarch Methodios discussing matters with the emperor Theophilos (12th century Manasses Chronicle)

Soon after the death of the emperor, in 843, the influential minister Theoktistos convinced the Empress Mother Theodora, as regent for her two-year-old son Michael III, to permit the restoration of icons by arranging that her dead husband would not be condemned. He then deposed the iconoclast Patriarch John VII Grammatikos and secured the appointment of Methodios as his successor, bringing about the end of the iconoclast controversy. A week after his appointment and after the Council of Constantinople (843), accompanied by Theodora, Michael, and Theoktistos, Methodios made a triumphal procession from the church of Blachernae to Hagia Sophia on March 11, 843, restoring the icons to the church. This heralded the restoration of Catholic orthodoxy, and became a holiday in the Byzantine Church, celebrated every year on the First Sunday of Great Lent, and known as the "Triumph of Orthodoxy".^{[citation needed]}

Throughout his short patriarchate, Methodios tried to pursue a moderate line of accommodation with members of the clergy who were formerly Iconoclasts. This policy was opposed by extremists, primarily the monks of the Stoudios monastery, who demanded that the former Iconoclasts be punished severely as heretics. To rein in the extremists, Methodios was forced to excommunicate and arrest some of the more persevering monks.^{[citation needed]}

Methodios was indeed well-educated; engaged in both copying and writing of manuscripts. His individual works included polemica, hagiographical and liturgical works, sermons and poetry.^{[citation needed]}

References

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
Methodius I article in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1910)
St Methodius the Patriarch of Constantinople Orthodox Icon and Synaxarion

Titles of Chalcedonian Christianity
Preceded by John VII	Patriarch of Constantinople 843–847	Succeeded by Ignatios

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 843 to 847}}
-St. '''Methodios I''' or '''Methodius I''' ({{lang-el|Μεθόδιος Α΄}}), (788/800 &ndash; June 14, 847) was [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] from March 4, 843 to June 14, 847. He was born in [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] and died in [[Constantinople]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on June 14 in both the [[Eastern Christianity|East]] and the [[Western Christianity|West]].
+{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
+{{Infobox saint
+| honorific prefix = Saint
+| name             = Methodius I
+| image            = triumph orthodoxy.jpg
+| caption          = Late 14th-early 15th century icon illustrating the [[Feast of Orthodoxy|"Triumph of Orthodoxy"]] in 843. Methodius is depicted in the upper register, to the right of the icon, with Theodora and her son Michael to the left. (National Icon Collection 18, [[British Museum]])
+| titles           = [[List of patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]<br>[[Hegumen]]
+| birth_date       = 788
+| birth_place      = [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], [[Sicily (theme)|Theme of Sicily]]<br />(modern-day [[Italy]])
+| death_date       = 847
+| death_place      = [[Constantinople]], [[Byzantine Empire]]<br />(modern-day [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]])
+| venerated_in     = {{nowrap|[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]}}<br>[[Roman Catholic Church]]
+| feast_day        = [[June 14]]
+}}
+{{Infobox Christian leader
+| honorific_prefix = Saint
+| patriarch_of = Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
+| enthroned    = 843
+| ended        = 847
+| predecessor  = [[John VII of Constantinople|John VII]]
+| successor    = [[Ignatios of Constantinople|St Ignatius]]
+| religion     = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]]
+}}
+'''Methodios I''' or '''Methodius I''' ({{lang-el|Μεθόδιος Α΄}}; 788/800 &ndash; June 14, 847) was [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] from March 4, 843 to June 14, 847. He was born in [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] and died in [[Constantinople]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on June 14 in both the [[Eastern Christianity|East]] and the [[Western Christianity|West]].
 ==Life==
-Born to wealthy parents, Methodios was sent as a young man to Constantinople to continue his education and hopefully attain an appointment at court. But instead he entered a monastery in [[Bithynia]], eventually becoming [[abbot]].
+Born to wealthy parents, Methodios was sent as a young man to Constantinople to continue his education and hopefully attain an appointment at court. But instead he entered a monastery in [[Bithynia]], eventually becoming [[abbot]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
-Under the Emperor [[Leo the Armenian|Leo V the Armenian]] (813-820) the [[Iconoclasm|Iconoclast persecution]] broke out for the second time. In 815 Methodios went to [[Rome]], perhaps as an envoy of the deposed [[Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Patriarch Niκephorοs]].  Upon his return in 821 he was arrested and exiled as an [[iconodule]] by the [[iconoclasm|Iconoclast]] regime of Emperor [[Michael II]].  Ironically, Methodios was released in 829 and assumed a position of importance at the court of the even more fervently iconoclast Emperor [[Theophilos, Byzantine Emperor|Theophilos]].
+Under Emperor [[Leo the Armenian|Leo V the Armenian]] (813–820) the [[Iconoclasm|Iconoclast persecution]] broke out for the second time. In 815 Methodios went to [[Rome]], perhaps as an envoy of the deposed [[Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Patriarch Nikephorοs]].  Upon his return in 821 he was arrested and exiled as an [[iconodule]] by the [[iconoclasm|Iconoclast]] regime of Emperor [[Michael II]].  Methodios was released in 829 and assumed a position of importance at the court of the even more fervently iconoclast Emperor [[Theophilos (emperor)|Theophilos]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
+[[File:MadridSkylitzesMethodiosTheophilosFol56r.jpg|thumb|Patriarch Methodios discussing matters with the emperor Theophilos (12th century [[Constantine Manasses|Manasses Chronicle]])]]
+Soon after the death of the emperor, in 843, the influential minister [[Theoktistos]] convinced the Empress Mother [[Theodora (9th century)|Theodora]], as [[regent]] for her two-year-old son [[Michael III]], to permit the restoration of [[icon]]s by arranging that her dead husband would not be [[anathema|condemned]].  He then deposed the iconoclast Patriarch [[John VII of Constantinople|John VII Grammatikos]] and secured the appointment of Methodios as his successor, bringing about the end of the iconoclast controversy.  A week after his appointment and after the [[Council of Constantinople (843)]], accompanied by Theodora, Michael, and Theoktistos, Methodios made a triumphal procession from the [[Church of St. Mary of Blachernae (Istanbul)|church of Blachernae]] to [[Hagia Sophia]] on March 11, 843, restoring the icons to the church.  This heralded the restoration of Catholic orthodoxy, and became a holiday in the Byzantine Church, celebrated every year on the First Sunday of [[Great Lent]], and known as the "[[Triumph of Orthodoxy]]".{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
+Throughout his short patriarchate, Methodios tried to pursue a moderate line of accommodation with members of the clergy who were formerly Iconoclasts.  This policy was opposed by extremists, primarily the monks of the [[Stoudios]] monastery, who demanded that the former Iconoclasts be punished severely as heretics.  To rein in the extremists, Methodios was forced to excommunicate and arrest some of the more persevering monks.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
-[[Image:triumph orthodoxy.jpg|right|thumb|Late 14th-early 15th century icon illustrating the [[Feast of Orthodoxy|"Triumph of Orthodoxy"]] in 843. Methodius is depicted in the upper register, to the right of the icon, with Theodora and her son Michael to the left. (National Icon Collection 18, [[British Museum]])]]
+Methodios was indeed well-educated; engaged in both copying and writing of manuscripts. His individual works included polemica, hagiographical and liturgical works, sermons and poetry.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
-Soon after the death of the emperor, in 843, the influential minister [[Theoktistos]] convinced the Empress Mother [[Theodora (9th century)|Theodora]], as [[regent]] for her two-year-old son [[Michael III]], to permit the restoration of [[icon]]s by arranging that her dead husband would not be [[anathema|condemned]].  He then deposed the iconoclast Patriarch [[Patriarch John VII of Constantinople|John VII Grammatikos]] and secured the appointment of Methodios as his successor, bringing about the end of the iconoclast controversy.  A week after his appointment, accompanied by Theodora, Michael, and Theoktistos, Methodios made a triumphal procession from the [[Church of St. Mary of Blachernae (Istanbul)|church of Blachernae]] to [[Hagia Sophia]] on March 11, 843, restoring the icons to the church.  This heralded the restoration of Orthodoxy, and became a holiday in the Eastern Orthodox Church, celebrated every year on the First Sunday of [[Great Lent]], and known as the "[[Triumph of Orthodoxy]]".
+== See also ==
-Throughout his short patriarchate, Methodios tried to pursue a moderate line of accommodation with members of the clergy who were formerly Iconoclasts.  This policy was opposed by extremists, primarily the monks of the [[Stoudios]] monastery, who demanded that the former Iconoclasts be punished severely as heretics.  To rein in the extremists, Methodios was forced to excommunicate and arrest some of the more persevering monks.
+* [[Council of Constantinople (843)]]
+* [[Theodora (wife of Theophilos)]]
-Methodios was indeed well-educated; engaged in both copying and writing of manuscripts.  His individual works included polemica, hagiographical and liturgical works, sermons and poetry.
 ==References==
@@ Line 20: / Line 47: @@
 {{s-start}}
-{{s-rel|or}}
+{{s-rel|chal}}
 {{succession box |
   before=[[Patriarch John VII of Constantinople|John VII]]|
@@ Line 28: / Line 55: @@
 }}
 {{s-end}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Methodios 01 Of Constantinople
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Patriarch of Constantinople
-| DATE OF BIRTH     =
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]]
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 847
-| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Constantinople]], [[Byzantine Empire]]
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Methodios 01 Of Constantinople}}
 [[Category:847 deaths]]
 [[Category:People from Syracuse, Sicily]]
-[[Category:Byzantine Roman Catholic saints]]
+[[Category:Byzantine saints]]
 [[Category:Byzantine Iconoclasm]]
-[[Category:Eastern Orthodox saints]]
+[[Category:Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church]]
-[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
 [[Category:Sicilian saints]]
-[[Category:9th-century archbishops]]
+[[Category:9th-century patriarchs of Constantinople]]
-[[Category:9th-century Byzantine bishops]]
 [[Category:9th-century Christian saints]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

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