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Coordinates: 37°09′51″S 139°45′15″E / 37.164057°S 139.754134°E / -37.164057; 139.754134
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{{about|the town in South Australia|the associated wine region |Robe wine region}}
{{about|the town in South Australia|the associated wine region |Robe wine region}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox Australian place
{{Infobox Australian place
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| state = sa
| state = sa
| image = RobeSAaerial2.jpg
| image = RobeSAaerial2.jpg
| caption = Aerial photograph
| caption = Looking west: the northern area of the town
| coordinates = {{coord|37.164057|S|139.754134|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|37.164057|S|139.754134|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coord_ref = <ref name="LMV">{{cite web |title=Search results for ‘Robe, LOCB' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Government Towns', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions’, ‘Railways’ and 'Gazetteer' |url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=139.85917&y=-37.21733&z=12&uids=19,2,115,11,20,105&pinx=139.754130&piny=-37.164060&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Robe,+Locb |website=Location SA Map Viewer|publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref>
| coord_ref =<ref name="LMV">{{cite web |title=Search results for 'Robe, LOCB' with the following datasets being selected – 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Government Towns', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', 'Railways' and 'Gazetteer' |url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=139.85917&y=-37.21733&z=12&uids=19,2,115,11,20,105&pinx=139.754130&piny=-37.164060&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Robe,+Locb |website=Location SA Map Viewer|publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref>
| lga = [[District Council of Robe]]
| lga = [[District Council of Robe]]
| postcode = 5276
| postcode = 5276
| pop = 1,090
| pop = 1252
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}}
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}}
| pop_footnotes=<ref name="abs">{{Census 2016 AUS | id = SSC41251 | name = Robe (State Suburb) | accessdate = 16 June 2021 | quick = on}}</ref>
| pop_footnotes=<ref name="abs">{{Census 2021 AUS | id = SAL41264 | name = Robe (State Suburb) | accessdate = 28 November 2023 | quick = on}}</ref>
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_label_position = top
| elevation =
| elevation =
Line 33: Line 33:
| dir3 =
| dir3 =
| location3=
| location3=
| maxtemp = 18.1
| maxtemp = 18.5
| mintemp = 10.9
| mintemp = 11.3
| rainfall = 631.5
| rainfall = 621.9
| near-n = ''[[Guichen Bay]]''
| near-n = ''[[Guichen Bay]]''
| near-ne = [[Mount Benson, South Australia|Mount Benson]]
| near-ne = [[Mount Benson, South Australia|Mount Benson]]
Line 44: Line 44:
| near-w = ''Ocean''
| near-w = ''Ocean''
| near-nw = ''Ocean''
| near-nw = ''Ocean''
|footnotes = Climatic data<ref name=climate/><br/>Adjoining localities<ref name="LMV"/>
}}
}}


'''Robe''' is a town and [[fishing port]] located in the [[Limestone Coast]] of [[South Australia]]. The town's distinctive combination of historical buildings, ocean, fishing fleets, lakes and dense bush is widely appreciated. Robe lies on the southern shore of [[Guichen Bay]], just off the [[Princes Highway]]. At the {{CensusAU|2016}}, Robe had a population of 998.<ref name="ABS2016">{{Cite web|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL415036|title=2016 Census Quickstats Robe (Urban Centre/Locality)|date=2017-10-23|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Robe is the main town in the [[District Council of Robe]] [[Local government in Australia|local government area]]. It is in the [[South Australian House of Assembly|state electorate]] of MacKillop and the [[Australian House of Representatives|federal]] [[Division of Barker]].
'''Robe''' is a town and [[fishing port]] located in the [[Limestone Coast]] of [[South Australia]]. The town's distinctive combination of historical buildings, ocean, fishing fleets, lakes and dense bush attracts many tourists. Robe lies on the southern shore of [[Guichen Bay]], just off the [[Princes Highway]]. At the {{CensusAU|2021}}, Robe had a population of 1252.<ref name="ABS2021">{{Cite web|url=https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL41264|title=Robe 2021 Census All persons QuickStats (Suburbs and Localities)|date=2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> Robe is the main town in the [[District Council of Robe]] [[Local government in Australia|local government area]]. It is in the [[South Australian House of Assembly|state electorate]] of MacKillop and the [[Australian House of Representatives|federal]] [[Division of Barker]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Old customs house, Robe, South Australia, 2023.jpg|thumb|The former customs house, a legacy of pre{{nbh}}[[Federation of Australia|Federation]] times when individual colonies collected customs duties, is typical of many heritage-listed places in Robe built of local limestone]]
===Aboriginal use===
Robe is situated on the [[Aboriginal Australians|ancestral lands]] of the Buandig and [[Ngarrindjeri]] people.<ref>{{cite map|title = Aboriginal Australia |last = Horton |first = David R.
They live there to eat crabs. they also eat eagles they catch with fishing rods.
|publisher = Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies |url = https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/34356544?selectedversion=NBD23139661 | via = [[Trove]] |date = 1996 }}</ref>


Europeans founded the town of Robe in 1846, ten years after the Province of South Australia was established, as a seaport, administrative centre and [[township]].
===European use===
Robe, one of the oldest towns in South Australia, was founded by the colonial government as a seaport, administrative centre and village just ten years after the Province of South Australia was established.


Robe was named after the fourth [[Governor of South Australia]], [[Frederick Robe|Major Frederick Robe]], who chose the site as a port in 1845. The town was proclaimed as a port in 1847. It became South Australia's second-busiest (after [[Port Adelaide]]) international port in the 1850s. Robe's trade was drawn from a large hinterland that extended into western Victoria, and many roadside inns were built to cater for the bullock teamsters bringing down the wool, including the 'Bush Inn' still standing on the outskirts of Robe. Exports included horses and sheep skins and wool. The [[Customs House, Robe|Customs House]] has been listed on the [[South Australian Heritage Register]] since 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nautical Museum (former Robe Customs House)|url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16404|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|access-date=5 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035845/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16404|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A stone obelisk was built on Cape Dombey in 1852 to assist ships to navigate safely into the bay. Even so, there have been a number of shipwrecks along the coast in the area. An automatic [[lighthouse]] was built on higher ground in 1973.
Robe was named after the fourth [[Governor of South Australia]], [[Frederick Robe|Major Frederick Robe]], who chose the site as a port in 1845. The town was proclaimed as a port in 1847. It became South Australia's second-busiest international port, after [[Port Adelaide]], in the 1850s. Robe's trade was drawn from a large hinterland that extended into western Victoria, and many roadside inns were built to cater for the bullock teamsters bringing down the wool, including the Bush Inn still standing on the outskirts of Robe. Exports included horses, sheep skins and wool. The [[Customs House, Robe|Customs House]] has been listed on the [[South Australian Heritage Register]] since 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nautical Museum (former Robe Customs House)|url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16404|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|access-date=5 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035845/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16404|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> A stone obelisk was built on Cape Dombey in 1852 to help ships navigate safely into the bay. Even so, there have been a number of shipwrecks along the coast in the area. An automatic [[lighthouse]] was built on higher ground in 1973.


During the Victorian [[Australian gold rushes|gold rushes]] around 1857, over 16,000 [[Chinese race|Chinese]] people landed at Robe to travel overland to the [[gold mining|goldfield]]s, as [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] introduced a landing [[tax]] of £10 per person (more than the cost of their voyage) to reduce the number of Chinese immigrants. The immigrants then walked the 200 miles (320 km) to [[Ballarat, Victoria|Ballarat]] and [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]].
During the Victorian [[Australian gold rushes|gold rushes]] about 1857, the [[Government of Victoria (Australia)|Victorian government]] introduced a landing [[tax]] of £10 per person to deter Chinese immigrants{{snd}} more than the cost of their voyage. To bypass the tax, more than 16,000 [[Chinese race|Chinese]] people landed at Robe to walk overland for {{convert|320|km|mi|abbr=off}} to the [[gold mining|goldfield]]s, mainly at [[Ballarat]] and [[Bendigo]].


Robe's importance decreased with the advent of [[Rail transport in South Australia|railways]] which did not come to the town. It became a local service centre for the surrounding rural areas. It is still home to a fleet of fishing boats. Especially important are the local [[lobster]]s.
Robe's importance decreased with the building of [[Rail transport in South Australia|railways]] in the 19th century to [[Kingston SE|Kingston]] and [[Beachport]], about {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=off}} respectively to its north and south. It continues as a service centre for the surrounding rural areas and home to a fishing fleet: especially important in the local economy is the [[lobster|rocklobster]] fishery.


== Heritage listings ==
== Heritage listings ==
⚫
Robe has many heritage-listed places, including the following:

⚫
Robe has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:


* Burr Street: [[Robe Cemetery]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16453 | title=Robe Cemetery | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* Burr Street: [[Robe Cemetery]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16453 | title=Robe Cemetery | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
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* 26 Smillie Street: [[Campbell's Shop, Robe|Campbell's Shop]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16419 | title=Shop & Cottages (formerly Campbell's Shop) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 26 Smillie Street: [[Campbell's Shop, Robe|Campbell's Shop]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16419 | title=Shop & Cottages (formerly Campbell's Shop) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 32 Smillie Street: [[Davison's Shop and Residence]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16423 | title=Dwelling (former Davison's Shop and Residence) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 32 Smillie Street: [[Davison's Shop and Residence]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16423 | title=Dwelling (former Davison's Shop and Residence) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 38 Smillie Street: [[Graymasts]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16424 | title=Graymasts - Former Woolstore and attached Cottage | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 38 Smillie Street: [[Graymasts]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16424 | title=Graymasts – Former Woolstore and attached Cottage | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 4-8 Sturt Street: [[Moorakyne House]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16406 | title=Dwelling ('Moorakyne House') (former Green Gables) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 4-8 Sturt Street: [[Moorakyne House]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16406 | title=Dwelling ('Moorakyne House') (former Green Gables) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 15 Sturt Street: [[Granny Banks' Cottage]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16415 | title=Dwelling ('Granny Banks' Cottage') (former Crazy Cottage) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
* 15 Sturt Street: [[Granny Banks' Cottage]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16415 | title=Dwelling ('Granny Banks' Cottage') (former Crazy Cottage) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref>
Line 100: Line 98:


===Climate===
===Climate===
Robe experiences a temperate [[mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen:]] ''Csb'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha:]] ''Csbl''), with mild, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Robe, South Australia, Australia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1860–present); 3 m AMSL
|width=auto
|collapsed = yes
|location = Robe (1884-2019)
|metric first = yes
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|single line = yes
Line 116: Line 113:
|Sep record high C = 26.6
|Sep record high C = 26.6
|Oct record high C = 33.3
|Oct record high C = 33.3
|Nov record high C = 36.5
|Nov record high C = 36.3
|Dec record high C = 37.1
|Dec record high C = 37.1
|year record high C = 39.6
|Jan high C = 22.7
|Jan high C = 22.5
|Feb high C = 22.7
|Feb high C = 22.6
|Mar high C = 21.4
|Mar high C = 21.1
|Apr high C = 19.3
|Apr high C = 18.8
|May high C = 16.7
|May high C = 16.4
|Jun high C = 14.5
|Jun high C = 14.3
|Jul high C = 13.9
|Jul high C = 13.6
|Aug high C = 14.7
|Aug high C = 14.3
|Sep high C = 16.3
|Sep high C = 15.7
|Oct high C = 18.4
|Oct high C = 17.6
|Nov high C = 20.0
|Nov high C = 19.5
|Dec high C = 21.4
|Dec high C = 21.2
|Jan mean C = 18.5
|year high C = 18.1
|Feb mean C = 18.5
|Jan low C = 13.6
|Mar mean C = 17.2
|Feb low C = 13.7
|Apr mean C = 15.5
|Mar low C = 12.7
|May mean C = 13.6
|Apr low C = 11.5
|Jun mean C = 11.8
|May low C = 10.2
|Jul mean C = 11.3
|Jun low C = 8.8
|Aug mean C = 12.3
|Jul low C = 8.1
|Sep mean C = 13.0
|Aug low C = 8.5
|Oct mean C = 14.5
|Sep low C = 9.2
|Nov mean C = 16.0
|Oct low C = 10.3
|Dec mean C = 17.3
|Nov low C = 11.4
|Jan low C = 14.3
|Dec low C = 12.7
|Feb low C = 14.2
|year low C = 10.9
|Mar low C = 13.0
⚫
|Apr low C = 11.7
|May low C = 10.5
|Jun low C = 9.1
|Jul low C = 8.6
|Aug low C = 8.9
|Sep low C = 9.7
|Oct low C = 10.6
|Nov low C = 11.9
|Dec low C = 13.1
|Jan record low C = 5.2
|Jan record low C = 5.2
|Feb record low C = 5.1
|Feb record low C = 5.1
Line 153: Line 159:
|Jul record low C = -2.6
|Jul record low C = -2.6
|Aug record low C = 0.2
|Aug record low C = 0.2
|Sep record low C = 0.4
|Sep record low C = 0.8
|Oct record low C = 2.1
|Oct record low C = 2.1
|Nov record low C = 3.2
|Nov record low C = 3.3
|Dec record low C = 3.9
|Dec record low C = 3.9
|precipitation colour = green
⚫
|year record low C = -2.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 20.1
|Jan precipitation mm = 18.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 19.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 26
|Mar precipitation mm = 28.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 46.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 39.3
|May precipitation mm = 73.0
|May precipitation mm = 66.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 95
|Jun precipitation mm = 92.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 104.
|Jul precipitation mm = 99.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 86.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 91.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 59.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 63.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 44.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 40.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 30.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 34.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 27.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 28.1
|year precipitation mm = 631.0
|unit precipitation days = 0.2mm
| Jan rain days = 5.5
|Jan precipitation days = 6.7
| Feb rain days = 5.1
|Feb precipitation days = 5.8
| Mar rain days = 7.6
|Mar precipitation days = 8.9
| Apr rain days = 12.0
|Apr precipitation days = 13.3
| May rain days = 16.7
|May precipitation days = 17.7
| Jun rain days = 18.6
|Jun precipitation days = 19.4
| Jul rain days = 20.9
|Jul precipitation days = 21.2
| Aug rain days = 19.7
|Aug precipitation days = 20.7
| Sep rain days = 16.4
|Sep precipitation days = 17.6
| Oct rain days = 13.1
|Oct precipitation days = 13.6
| Nov rain days = 9.5
|Nov precipitation days = 10.4
| Dec rain days = 8.1
|Dec precipitation days = 9.7
|humidity colour = green
| year rain days = 153.2
|Jan humidity = 67.0
| unit rain days = 0.2 mm
| humidity colour = green
|Feb humidity = 70.0
|Mar humidity = 72.0
| Jan afthumidity = 61
|Apr humidity = 72.0
| Feb afthumidity = 62
|May humidity = 79.0
| Mar afthumidity = 64
|Jun humidity = 81.0
| Apr afthumidity = 69
|Jul humidity = 80.5
| May afthumidity = 74
| Jun afthumidity = 76
|Aug humidity = 76.0
|Sep humidity = 72.5
| Jul afthumidity = 76
|Oct humidity = 69.0
| Aug afthumidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 67.5
| Sep afthumidity = 71
| Oct afthumidity = 67
|Dec humidity = 67.0
| Nov afthumidity = 63
|Jan dew point C = 13.0
| Dec afthumidity = 62
|Feb dew point C = 13.5
|Mar dew point C = 12.7
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref name=climate>{{cite web
|Apr dew point C = 11.5
⚫
|url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_026026.shtml | title=Climate Statistics For Robe |publisher = Australian Bureau of Meteorology| access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref>
|May dew point C = 10.9
|date=April 2014
|Jun dew point C = 9.5
|Jul dew point C = 8.8
|Aug dew point C = 8.6
|Sep dew point C = 9.2
|Oct dew point C = 10.0
|Nov dew point C = 11.0
|Dec dew point C = 11.9
|source 1 = [[Australian Bureau of Meteorology]] (1991-2020 normals)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=026026&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal|title=Robe, SA Climate (1991-2020 normals) |publisher= [[Australian Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=6 June 2022 }}</ref>
⚫
|source 2 = [[Australian Bureau of Meteorology]] (1860-present extremes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_026026_All.shtml|title=Robe, SA Climate (1860-present extremes) |publisher= [[Australian Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=6 June 2022 }}</ref>
}}
}}


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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.robe.sa.gov.au/ District Council of Robe]
*[http://www.robe.sa.gov.au/ District Council of Robe]
*[http://www.southaustralianhistory.com.au/robe.htm South Australian History - Robe]
*[http://www.southaustralianhistory.com.au/robe.htm South Australian History – Robe]
{{Limestone Coast}}
{{Limestone Coast}}
{{District Council of Robe suburbs}}
{{District Council of Robe suburbs}}

Revision as of 16:24, 28 November 2023

This article is about the town in South Australia. For the associated wine region, see Robe wine region.

Robe
South Australia
Looking west: the northern area of the town
Robe is located in South Australia
Robe
Robe
Coordinates37°09′51″S 139°45′15″E / 37.164057°S 139.754134°E / -37.164057; 139.754134[1]
Population1,252 (2021 census)[2]
Established19 March 1846 (town)[1][3]
Postcode(s)5276
Standort
LGA(s)District Council of Robe
RegionLimestone Coast[4]
CountyCounty of Robe[1]
State electorate(s)MacKillop[5]
Federal division(s)Barker[6]
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
18.5 °C
65 °F		 11.3 °C
52 °F		 621.9 mm
24.5 in
Localities around Robe:
Ocean Guichen Bay Mount Benson
Ocean Robe Mount Benson
Bray
Ocean Nora Creina Nora Creina
Bray

Robe is a town and fishing port located in the Limestone Coast of South Australia. The town's distinctive combination of historical buildings, ocean, fishing fleets, lakes and dense bush attracts many tourists. Robe lies on the southern shore of Guichen Bay, just off the Princes Highway. At the 2021 census, Robe had a population of 1252.[7] Robe is the main town in the District Council of Robe local government area. It is in the state electorate of MacKillop and the federal Division of Barker.

History

The former customs house, a legacy of pre‑Federation times when individual colonies collected customs duties, is typical of many heritage-listed places in Robe built of local limestone

Robe is situated on the ancestral lands of the Buandig and Ngarrindjeri people.[8]

Europeans founded the town of Robe in 1846, ten years after the Province of South Australia was established, as a seaport, administrative centre and township.

Robe was named after the fourth Governor of South Australia, Major Frederick Robe, who chose the site as a port in 1845. The town was proclaimed as a port in 1847. It became South Australia's second-busiest international port, after Port Adelaide, in the 1850s. Robe's trade was drawn from a large hinterland that extended into western Victoria, and many roadside inns were built to cater for the bullock teamsters bringing down the wool, including the Bush Inn still standing on the outskirts of Robe. Exports included horses, sheep skins and wool. The Customs House has been listed on the South Australian Heritage Register since 1980.[9] A stone obelisk was built on Cape Dombey in 1852 to help ships navigate safely into the bay. Even so, there have been a number of shipwrecks along the coast in the area. An automatic lighthouse was built on higher ground in 1973.

During the Victorian gold rushes about 1857, the Victorian government introduced a landing tax of £10 per person to deter Chinese immigrants – more than the cost of their voyage. To bypass the tax, more than 16,000 Chinese people landed at Robe to walk overland for 320 kilometres (200 miles) to the goldfields, mainly at Ballarat and Bendigo.

Robe's importance decreased with the building of railways in the 19th century to Kingston and Beachport, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) respectively to its north and south. It continues as a service centre for the surrounding rural areas and home to a fishing fleet: especially important in the local economy is the rocklobster fishery.

Heritage listings

Robe has many heritage-listed places, including the following:

Environment

Climate

Robe experiences a temperate mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb, Trewartha: Csbl), with mild, dry summers and cool, wet winters.

Climate data for Robe, South Australia, Australia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1860–present); 3 m AMSL
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 39.2
(102.6) 		39.6
(103.3) 		35.8
(96.4) 		31.7
(89.1) 		26.5
(79.7) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.2
(70.2) 		22.8
(73.0) 		26.6
(79.9) 		33.3
(91.9) 		36.3
(97.3) 		37.1
(98.8) 		39.6
(103.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9) 		22.7
(72.9) 		21.4
(70.5) 		19.3
(66.7) 		16.7
(62.1) 		14.5
(58.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18.4
(65.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.4
(70.5) 		18.5
(65.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.5
(65.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.2
(63.0) 		15.5
(59.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		12.3
(54.1) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		16.0
(60.8) 		17.3
(63.1) 		15.0
(58.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.3
(57.7) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.0
(55.4) 		11.7
(53.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		8.6
(47.5) 		8.9
(48.0) 		9.7
(49.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		11.3
(52.4)
Record low °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4) 		5.1
(41.2) 		5.0
(41.0) 		2.2
(36.0) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		0.2
(32.4) 		0.8
(33.4) 		2.1
(35.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−2.6
(27.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18.6
(0.73) 		19.4
(0.76) 		28.5
(1.12) 		39.3
(1.55) 		66.5
(2.62) 		92.1
(3.63) 		99.5
(3.92) 		91.8
(3.61) 		63.2
(2.49) 		40.1
(1.58) 		34.1
(1.34) 		28.1
(1.11) 		621.2
(24.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2mm) 6.7 5.8 8.9 13.3 17.7 19.4 21.2 20.7 17.6 13.6 10.4 9.7 165
Average relative humidity (%) 67.0 70.0 72.0 72.0 79.0 81.0 80.5 76.0 72.5 69.0 67.5 67.0 72.8
Average dew point °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4) 		13.5
(56.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		10.9
(51.6) 		9.5
(49.1) 		8.8
(47.8) 		8.6
(47.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		10.0
(50.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		10.9
(51.6)
Source 1: Australian Bureau of Meteorology (1991-2020 normals)[40]
Source 2: Australian Bureau of Meteorology (1860-present extremes)[41]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robe, South Australia.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Search results for 'Robe, LOCB' with the following datasets being selected – 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Government Towns', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', 'Railways' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  2. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Robe (State Suburb)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 November 2023. Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ^ Robe, Fred. H (19 March 1846). "Minute of 18 March 1846 re establishment of towns at Guichen and Rivoli Bays" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. South Australian Government. pp. 108–109. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  4. ^ "Limestone Coast SA Government region" (PDF). The Government of South Australia. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  5. ^ "District of MacKillop Background Profile". Electoral Commission SA. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Federal electoral division of Barker" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  7. ^ "Robe 2021 Census All persons QuickStats (Suburbs and Localities)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  8. ^ Horton, David R. (1996). Aboriginal Australia (Map). Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies – via Trove.
  9. ^ "Nautical Museum (former Robe Customs House)". Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  10. ^ "Robe Cemetery". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  11. ^ "Cape Dombey Obelisk". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  12. ^ "Robe House (former Government Residence)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  13. ^ "The Lady Star of the Sea Catholic Chapel and Schoolroom". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  14. ^ "Dwelling ('Karatta House')". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  15. ^ "Dwelling ('Lakeside')". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  16. ^ "'Lakeside' Stables and Coach House". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  17. ^ "Richmond Park Homestead". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  18. ^ "Former Bush Inn". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  19. ^ "Dwellings (former Robe Post Office & Telegraph Station)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  20. ^ "Dwelling ('The Hermitage' Homestead Complex)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  21. ^ "Former CSIRO Field Research Station (including shed, water tank, yard fencing and gates)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  22. ^ "Dwelling ('Dingley Dell')". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  23. ^ "Dwelling ('Bellevue Homestead')". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  24. ^ "Former Robe Gaol (Ruin)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  25. ^ "Royal Circus and Seawall, including remains of slipway and Chinese Memorial". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  26. ^ "Nautical Museum (former Robe Customs House)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  27. ^ "Robe Institute". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  28. ^ "Dwelling (former Criterion Hotel)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  29. ^ "Robe Courthouse, Police Station, Old Cells & Stables". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  30. ^ "Dwelling ('Ormerod Cottages') (former Old Barracks)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  31. ^ "Bank House (former Bank of South Australia Robe Branch)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  32. ^ "Shop & Cottages (formerly Campbell's Shop)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  33. ^ "Dwelling (former Davison's Shop and Residence)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  34. ^ "Graymasts – Former Woolstore and attached Cottage". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  35. ^ "Dwelling ('Moorakyne House') (former Green Gables)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  36. ^ "Dwelling ('Granny Banks' Cottage') (former Crazy Cottage)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  37. ^ "Caledonian Inn". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  38. ^ "Eating House (former Wilson's Saddlery)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  39. ^ "Office (former Attic House)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  40. ^ "Robe, SA Climate (1991-2020 normals)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  41. ^ "Robe, SA Climate (1860-present extremes)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 6 June 2022.

Further reading

  • Susan Marsden (1985) A glimpse of golden days, District Council of Robe: Robe.
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