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{{short description|French botanist and agronomist (1807-1882)}}
{{short description|French botanist and agronomist (1807-1882)}}
[[Image:Joseph Decaisne.jpg|right|thumb|Joseph Decaisne]]
'''Joseph Decaisne''' (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French [[botanist]] and [[agronomist]].
[[Image:Joseph Decaisne.jpg|right|thumb|Joseph Decaisne]]He became an ''aide-naturaliste'' to [[Adrien-Henri de Jussieu]] (1797-1853), who served as the chair of rural [[botany]]. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of [[Victor Jacquemont]] (1801-1832) from Asia.
'''Joseph Decaisne''' (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French [[botanist]] and [[agronomist]]. He became an ''aide-naturaliste'' to [[Adrien-Henri de Jussieu]] (1797-1853), who served as the chair of rural [[botany]]. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of [[Victor Jacquemont]] (1801-1832) from Asia. Decaisne used [[applied research]], most notably on the [[agronomy]] of the [[Rubia tinctorum|madder]], the [[Yam (vegetable)|yam]] and the [[ramie]]. He was also interested in [[algae]].
Dacaisne used [[applied research]], most notably on the [[agronomy]] of the [[Rubia tinctorum|madder]], the [[Yam (vegetable)|yam]] and the [[ramie]]. He was also interested in [[algae]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Although born in [[Brussels]], Belgium, he exercised his activity exclusively in [[Paris]]. He entered in 1824 as a gardener at the ''[[Muséum national d'histoire naturelle]]'' (French museum of natural history) and became, in 1832, head of the ''carré des semis'' section. He also worked at the ''[[Jardin des Plantes]]'' and collaborated with [[Asa Gray]].<ref>{{cite book|pages=84–85|last=Dupree|first=A. Hunter|year=1988|title=Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, MD|isbn=978-0-801-83741-8}}</ref>
Although born in [[Brussels]], Belgium, he exercised his activity exclusively in [[Paris]]. He entered in 1824 as a gardener at the ''[[Muséum national d'histoire naturelle]]'' (French museum of natural history) and became, in 1832, head of the ''carré des semis'' section. He also worked at the ''[[Jardin des Plantes]]'' and collaborated with [[Asa Gray]].<ref>{{cite book|pages=84–85|last=Dupree|first=A. Hunter|year=1988|title=Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, MD|isbn=978-0-801-83741-8}}</ref>


In 1847 he chaired Statistical Agriculture department in the College de France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/biography/decaisne-joseph.html|title=Decaisne, Joseph - biography|website=www.anbg.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2017-10-27}}</ref>
In 1847 he chaired Statistical Agriculture department in the College de France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/biography/decaisne-joseph.html|title=Decaisne, Joseph – biography |website=www.anbg.gov.au |language=en |access-date=2017-10-27}}</ref>


In 1850, Decaisne followed [[Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel]] (1776-1854) as the chair of [[horticulture]] at the Museum. In 1854 he participated in the creation of the ''[[Société botanique de France]]''.
In 1850, Decaisne followed [[Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel]] (1776-1854) as the chair of [[horticulture]] at the Museum. In 1854 he participated in the creation of the ''[[Société botanique de France]]''.


The genera ''[[Decaisnea]]'' Hook.f. & Thomson (Lardizabalaceae), ''Decaisnea'' Brongn. [[Synonymy|syn.]] of ''[[Prescottia (plant)|Prescottia]]'' [[Lindl.]], ''[[Decaisnina]]'' [[Tiegh.]] ([[Loranthaceae]]), and ''Decaisnea'' Lindl. syn. of ''[[Tropidia (plant)|Tropidia]]'' Lindl. ([[Orchidaceae]]), were named in his honour.
The genera ''[[Decaisnea]]'' Hook.f. & Thomson (Lardizabalaceae), ''Decaisnea'' Brongn. [[synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]] of ''[[Prescottia (plant)|Prescottia]]'' [[Lindl.]], ''[[Decaisnina]]'' [[Tiegh.]] ([[Loranthaceae]]), ''[[Decaisnella]]'' ([[genus]] of fungi in the family [[Massariaceae]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lumbsch T. H., Huhndorf S. M. |date=December 2007 |title=Outline of Ascomycota &ndash; 2007 |journal=Myconet |volume=13 |pages=1&ndash;58 |url=http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |publisher=The Field Museum, Department of Botany |location=Chicago, USA |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318003134/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |archivedate=2009-03-18 }}</ref>) and ''Decaisnea'' Lindl. syn. of ''[[Tropidia (plant)|Tropidia]]'' Lindl. ([[Orchidaceae]]), were named in his honour.


He died in Paris on 8 January 1882.
He died in Paris on 8 January 1882.
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== Contributions to plant taxonomy==
== Contributions to plant taxonomy==
He described the following genera of [[flowering plants]]: ''[[Capanea]]'' and ''[[Chrysothemis]]'' of the family [[Gesneriaceae]]; ''[[Sautiera]]'' ([[Acanthaceae]]); ''[[Lepinia]]'', ''[[Rhazya]]'' ([[Apocynaceae]]); ''[[Vancouveria]]'' (with C.Morren) ([[Berberidaceae]]); ''[[Ostryopsis]]'' ([[Betulaceae]]); ''[[Dipterygium]]'' ([[Capparidaceae]]); ''[[Brassaiopsis]]'', ''[[Cuphocarpus]]''*, ''[[Dendropanax]]''*, ''[[Didymopanax]]''*, ''[[Fatsia]]''*, ''[[Oreopanax]]''*, ''[[Stilbocarpa]]''*, (* with Planch.) ([[Araliaceae]]); ''[[Berneuxia]]'' ([[Diapensiaceae]]); ''[[Scyphogyne]]'' ([[Ericaceae]]); ''[[Akebia]]'', ''[[Boquila]]'' ([[Lardizabalaceae]]); ''[[Galtonia]]'' ([[Liliaceae]] s. l. or [[Hyacinthaceae]]); ''[[Treculia]]'' Decne. ex Trecul ([[Moraceae]]; ''[[Camptotheca]]'' ([[Nyssaceae]] or [[Cornaceae]]); ''[[Ephippiandra]]'' ([[Monimiaceae]]); ''[[Pseudais]]'' ([[Thymelaeaceae]]); ''[[Allardia]]'', ''[[Lecocarpus]]'', ''[[Wollastonia (plant)|Wollastonia]]'' [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]] ex Decne. ([[Asteraceae]]); ''[[Gymnotheca]]'' ([[Saururaceae]]); ''[[Bougueria]]'' ([[Plantaginaceae]]); ''[[Docynia]]'' ([[Rosaceae]]); ''[[Seetzenia]]'' [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]] ex Decne.([[Zygophyllaceae]]); ''[[Deherainia]]'' ([[Theophrastaceae]]); ''[[Lopholepis]]'' ([[Poaceae]]); ''[[Asterostemma]]'', ''[[Atherandra]]'', ''[[Baeolepis]]'' Decne. ex Moq., ''[[Barjonia]]'', ''[[Blepharodon]]'', ''[[Calostigma]]'', ''[[Camptocarpus]]'',
He described the following genera of [[flowering plant]]s: ''Capanea'' (now part of ''[[Kohleria]]'') and ''[[Chrysothemis]]'' of the family [[Gesneriaceae]]; ''[[Sautiera]]'' ([[Acanthaceae]]); ''[[Lepinia]]'', ''[[Rhazya]]'' ([[Apocynaceae]]); ''[[Vancouveria]]'' (with C.Morren) ([[Berberidaceae]]); ''[[Ostryopsis]]'' ([[Betulaceae]]); ''[[Dipterygium]]'' ([[Capparidaceae]]); ''[[Brassaiopsis]]'', ''[[Cuphocarpus]]''*, ''[[Dendropanax]]''*, ''[[Didymopanax]]''*, ''[[Fatsia]]''*, ''[[Oreopanax]]''*, ''[[Stilbocarpa]]''*, (* with Planch.) ([[Araliaceae]]); ''[[Berneuxia]]'' ([[Diapensiaceae]]); ''[[Scyphogyne]]'' ([[Ericaceae]]); ''[[Akebia]]'', ''[[Boquila]]'' ([[Lardizabalaceae]]); ''[[Galtonia]]'' ([[Liliaceae]] s.l. or [[Hyacinthaceae]]); ''[[Treculia]]'' Decne. ex Trecul ([[Moraceae]]; ''[[Camptotheca]]'' ([[Nyssaceae]] or [[Cornaceae]]); ''[[Ephippiandra]]'' ([[Monimiaceae]]); ''[[Pseudais]]'' ([[Thymelaeaceae]]); ''[[Allardia]]'', ''[[Lecocarpus]]'', ''[[Wollastonia (plant)|Wollastonia]]'' [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]] ex Decne. ([[Asteraceae]]); ''[[Gymnotheca]]'' ([[Saururaceae]]); ''[[Bougueria]]'' ([[Plantaginaceae]]); ''[[Docynia]]'' ([[Rosaceae]]); ''[[Seetzenia]]'' [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]] ex Decne.([[Zygophyllaceae]]); ''[[Deherainia]]'' ([[Theophrastaceae]]); ''[[Lopholepis]]'' ([[Poaceae]]); ''[[Asterostemma (plant)|Asterostemma]]'', ''[[Atherandra]]'', ''[[Baeolepis]]'' Decne. ex Moq., ''[[Barjonia]]'', ''[[Blepharodon]]'', ''[[Calostigma]]'', ''[[Camptocarpus]]'', ''[[Decabelone]]'', ''[[Decanema]]'', ''[[Dictyanthus]]'', ''[[Glossonema]]'', ''[[Gongronema]]'' (Endl.) Decne., ''[[Harpanema]]'', ''[[Hemipogon (plant)|Hemipogon]]'', ''[[Hoodia]]'' Sweet ex Decne., ''[[Ibatia]]'', ''[[Macropetalum]]'' Burch. ex Decne., ''[[Melinia]]'', ''Mitostigma'' (now part of ''[[Philibertia]]''), ''[[Nautonia]]'', ''[[Nephradenia]]'', ''[[Orthosia (plant)|Orthosia]]'', ''[[Pentopetia]]'', ''[[Peplonia]]'', ''[[Periglossum]]'', ''[[Pherotrichis]]'', ''[[Polystemma]]'', ''[[Ptycanthera]]'', ''[[Pycnoneurum]]'', ''[[Pycnostelma]]'' Bunge ex Decne., ''[[Rhyssostelma]]'', ''[[Riocreuxia]]'', ''[[Tacazzea]]'', ''[[Tassadia]]'', ''[[Trichosandra]]'' ([[Asclepiadaceae]] or Apocynaceae s.l.); ''[[Amorphophallus]]'' Blume ex Decne. ([[Araceae]]) and ''[[Leptopus]]'' ([[Euphorbiaceae]] s.l. or [[Phyllanthaceae]]).
''[[Decabelone]]'', ''[[Decanema]]'', ''[[Dictyanthus]]'', ''[[Glossonema]]'', ''[[Gongronema]]'' (Endl.) Decne., ''[[Harpanema]]'', ''[[Hemipogon (plant)|Hemipogon]]'', ''[[Hoodia]]'' Sweet ex Decne., ''[[Ibatia]]'', ''[[Macropetalum]]'' Burch. ex Decne., ''[[Melinia]]'', ''[[Mitostigma]]'', ''[[Nautonia]]'', ''[[Nephradenia]]'', ''[[Orthosia]]'', ''[[Pentopetia]]'', ''[[Peplonia]]'', ''[[Periglossum]]'', ''[[Pherotrichis]]'', ''[[Polystemma]]'', ''[[Ptycanthera]]'', ''[[Pycnoneurum]]'', ''[[Pycnostelma]]'' Bunge ex Decne.,
''[[Rhyssostelma]]'', ''[[Riocreuxia]]'', ''[[Tacazzea]]'', ''[[Tassadia]]'', ''[[Trichosandra]]'' ( [[Asclepiadaceae]] or Apocynaceae s. l.); ''[[Amorphophallus]]'' Blume ex Decne. ([[Araceae]]) and ''[[Leptopus]]'' ([[Euphorbiaceae]] s. l. or [[Phyllanthaceae]]).


==Works==
==Works==
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[[Category:1807 births]]
[[Category:1807 births]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Brussels]]
[[Category:Scientists from Paris]]
[[Category:French botanists]]
[[Category:19th-century French botanists]]
[[Category:French agronomists]]
[[Category:French agronomists]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
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[[Category:Botanists with author abbreviations]]
[[Category:Botanists with author abbreviations]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery]]


{{France-botanist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:02, 30 November 2023

Joseph Decaisne

Joseph Decaisne (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French botanist and agronomist. He became an aide-naturaliste to Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853), who served as the chair of rural botany. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of Victor Jacquemont (1801-1832) from Asia. Decaisne used applied research, most notably on the agronomy of the madder, the yam and the ramie. He was also interested in algae.

Biography

[edit]

Although born in Brussels, Belgium, he exercised his activity exclusively in Paris. He entered in 1824 as a gardener at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (French museum of natural history) and became, in 1832, head of the carré des semis section. He also worked at the Jardin des Plantes and collaborated with Asa Gray.[1]

In 1847 he chaired Statistical Agriculture department in the College de France.[2]

In 1850, Decaisne followed Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel (1776-1854) as the chair of horticulture at the Museum. In 1854 he participated in the creation of the Société botanique de France.

The genera Decaisnea Hook.f. & Thomson (Lardizabalaceae), Decaisnea Brongn. syn. of Prescottia Lindl., Decaisnina Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), Decaisnella (genus of fungi in the family Massariaceae,[3]) and Decaisnea Lindl. syn. of Tropidia Lindl. (Orchidaceae), were named in his honour.

He died in Paris on 8 January 1882.

The standard author abbreviation Decne. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[4]

Contributions to plant taxonomy

[edit]

He described the following genera of flowering plants: Capanea (now part of Kohleria) and Chrysothemis of the family Gesneriaceae; Sautiera (Acanthaceae); Lepinia, Rhazya (Apocynaceae); Vancouveria (with C.Morren) (Berberidaceae); Ostryopsis (Betulaceae); Dipterygium (Capparidaceae); Brassaiopsis, Cuphocarpus*, Dendropanax*, Didymopanax*, Fatsia*, Oreopanax*, Stilbocarpa*, (* with Planch.) (Araliaceae); Berneuxia (Diapensiaceae); Scyphogyne (Ericaceae); Akebia, Boquila (Lardizabalaceae); Galtonia (Liliaceae s.l. or Hyacinthaceae); Treculia Decne. ex Trecul (Moraceae; Camptotheca (Nyssaceae or Cornaceae); Ephippiandra (Monimiaceae); Pseudais (Thymelaeaceae); Allardia, Lecocarpus, Wollastonia DC. ex Decne. (Asteraceae); Gymnotheca (Saururaceae); Bougueria (Plantaginaceae); Docynia (Rosaceae); Seetzenia R.Br. ex Decne.(Zygophyllaceae); Deherainia (Theophrastaceae); Lopholepis (Poaceae); Asterostemma, Atherandra, Baeolepis Decne. ex Moq., Barjonia, Blepharodon, Calostigma, Camptocarpus, Decabelone, Decanema, Dictyanthus, Glossonema, Gongronema (Endl.) Decne., Harpanema, Hemipogon, Hoodia Sweet ex Decne., Ibatia, Macropetalum Burch. ex Decne., Melinia, Mitostigma (now part of Philibertia), Nautonia, Nephradenia, Orthosia, Pentopetia, Peplonia, Periglossum, Pherotrichis, Polystemma, Ptycanthera, Pycnoneurum, Pycnostelma Bunge ex Decne., Rhyssostelma, Riocreuxia, Tacazzea, Tassadia, Trichosandra (Asclepiadaceae or Apocynaceae s.l.); Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and Leptopus (Euphorbiaceae s.l. or Phyllanthaceae).

Works

[edit]
  • Le jardin fruitier du Museum (The fructiferous garden of the Museum) in 9 volumes (1858-1875)
  • Traité général de botanique descriptive et analytique (General Treatise of descriptive and analytic botany), Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1876 [in collaboration with Emmanuel Le Maout] English edition 1873.[5]
  • Mexicanas plantas (Plants of Mexico, 1872-1886 [in collaboration with others]. (available at Botanicus.org)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dupree, A. Hunter (1988). Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-801-83741-8.
  2. ^ "Decaisne, Joseph – biography". www.anbg.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  3. ^ Lumbsch T. H., Huhndorf S. M. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58. Archived from the original on 2009-03-18.
  4. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Decne.
  5. ^ Le Maout & Decaisne 1873.

Bibliography

[edit]
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