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{{Short description|Historical capital of Chenla}}
'''Isanapura''' was the capital of the ancient kingdom of [[Chenla]]. It is located today in [[Kampong Thom Province]] in [[Cambodia]].. The city was founded in about 618 at Leek Sambor Kuk by King [[Isanavarman I]].
{{Disputed|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Isanapura
| native_name = ឦសានបុរៈ
| native_name_lang = Khmer
| alternate_name =
| alt =
| caption = Satellite image and map of Isanapura
| map =
| map_type = Cambodia
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Cambodia
| map_size = 250
| altitude_m =
| altitude_ref =
| relief = yes
| coordinates = {{Coord|12.871|105.043}}
| gbgridref =
| map_dot_label = Isanapura
| location = [[Kampong Thom province|Kampong Thom]], [[Cambodia]]
| region = [[Southeast Asia]]
| type =
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| volume =
| diameter =
| circumference =
| height =
| builder = [[Isanavarman I]]
| material =
| built = 618 AD
| abandoned = late 9th century AD
| epochs = Middle Ages
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| discovered =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition = restored and ruined
| ownership =
| management =
| public_access = Yes
| other_designation =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| architectural_styles = [[Sambor Prei Kuk]]
| architectural_details =
| notes =
}}


'''[[Sambor Prei Kuk|Isanapura]]''' ({{lang-km|ឦសានបុរៈ}}), also known as '''[[Sambhupūra|Sambhupura]]''' ({{lang-km|សម្ភុបុរៈ}}) or '''Sambor of [[Steung Saen River|St'ung Sen]]''',<ref name="Walker1955">{{cite book|last=Walker|first=George B.|title=Angkor Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQFwAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 July 2012|year=1955|publisher=Signet Press|page=116}}</ref> was the capital of the ancient kingdom of [[Chenla Kingdom|Chenla]]. It is located in what is now [[Kampong Thom Province]] in [[Cambodia]]. The city was founded in about 618 at Leek Sambor Kuk by King [[Isanavarman I]].<ref name="Chatterjee1964">{{cite book|last=Chatterjee|first=Bijan Raj|title=Indian cultural influence in Cambodia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLZAAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 July 2012|year=1964|publisher=University of Calcutta|page=25}}</ref> According to [[Paul Pelliot]], Sambhupura was the capital of {{ill|Land Chenla|km|ចេនឡាដីគោក}} ([[Upper Chenla]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharan |first=Mahesh Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B886QamMBMC&pg=RA4-PA31 |title=Studies In Sanskrit Inscriptions Of Ancient Cambodia |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7017-006-8 |pages=31|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
Now it is the site of the old Isanapura the ruins of 150 temples and buildings. These ruins are a few centuries older than that of the Khmer empire around Angkor Wat. In the 70s of the 20th century, some of these temples completely destroyed by bombing of the United States. Also, vandals, dealers in old relics, and the Khmer Rouge have left their traces. Many temples have been through the long period of fighting in Cambodia again become overgrown by the jungle.
architecture


⚫
Today, the site of old Isanapura contains the ruins of 150 temples and buildings, which are a few centuries older than that of the [[Khmer Empire]] around Angkor Wat. During the [[Vietnam War]], some of these temples were completely destroyed by US bombers.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} Further damage was done by vandals, dealers in old relics, and the [[Khmer Rouge]]. Many temples have been overgrown by the jungle.
Archaeologists divide the temple into four groups: the Northern Group, the Small Group Z, the Central Group and the Southern Group. All these temples are dedicated to the god Shiva in one of its manifestations.
southern Group


==Archaeology==
The southern group is relatively the best preserved. Eight octagonal towers and several gates are still standing. In the outer walls of these towers are machined brick panels, two meters high, some are badly damaged. The main temple of this group, Prasat Neak Poan, has several relief operations that were formerly plastered.
Archaeologists divide the temples, all of which are dedicated to the god [[Shiva]], into four groups: the Northern Group, the Small Group Z, the Central Group and the Southern Group. Of these groups, the Southern Group is the best preserved. Eight octagonal towers and several gates are still standing. In the outer walls of these towers are machined brick panels, two meters high, some badly damaged. The main temple of this group, [[Neak Pean|Prasat Neak Poan]], has several relief operations that were formerly plastered. The Central Group still contains a standing tower, [[Prasat Tao]] (King Lion Temple). Two stone lions (originally there were four, but two were stolen), are at the main entrance of the brick tower. The Northern Group includes nine temples and a large tower, [[Sambor Prei Kuk|Prasat Sambo]]. This group was heavily damaged by bombing. The carved sandstone columns and door frames testify to the art of the Chenla empire.
central Group

In the central group is still a tower up, the Prasat Tao. Two stone lions (originally there were four, but the other two are stolen, are at the main entrance of the brick tower.
northern Group

In the northern group are nine temples and a large tower, Prasat Sambo. This group is heavily damaged by bombing. The carved sandstone columns and door frames to the art of Chenlarijk clearly.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Cambodia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Cambodia]]
[[Category:618 establishments]]
[[Category:618 establishments]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kampong Thom province]]

[[nl:Isanapura]]
[[Category:Chenla]]

Revision as of 14:03, 8 December 2023

Isanapura
ឦសានបុរៈ
Isanapura is located in Cambodia
Isanapura
Isanapura
Location in Cambodia
StandortKampong Thom, Cambodia
RegionSoutheast Asia
Coordinates12°52′16″N 105°02′35″E / 12.871°N 105.043°E / 12.871; 105.043
History
BuilderIsanavarman I
Gegründet618 AD
Abandonedlate 9th century AD
PeriodsMiddle Ages
Site notes
Conditionrestored and ruined
Public accessYes
Architecture
Architectural stylesSambor Prei Kuk

Isanapura (Khmer: ឦសានបុរៈ), also known as Sambhupura (Khmer: សម្ភុបុរៈ) or Sambor of St'ung Sen,[1] was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Chenla. It is located in what is now Kampong Thom Province in Cambodia. The city was founded in about 618 at Leek Sambor Kuk by King Isanavarman I.[2] According to Paul Pelliot, Sambhupura was the capital of Land Chenla [km] (Upper Chenla).[3]

Today, the site of old Isanapura contains the ruins of 150 temples and buildings, which are a few centuries older than that of the Khmer Empire around Angkor Wat. During the Vietnam War, some of these temples were completely destroyed by US bombers.[citation needed] Further damage was done by vandals, dealers in old relics, and the Khmer Rouge. Many temples have been overgrown by the jungle.

Archaeology

Archaeologists divide the temples, all of which are dedicated to the god Shiva, into four groups: the Northern Group, the Small Group Z, the Central Group and the Southern Group. Of these groups, the Southern Group is the best preserved. Eight octagonal towers and several gates are still standing. In the outer walls of these towers are machined brick panels, two meters high, some badly damaged. The main temple of this group, Prasat Neak Poan, has several relief operations that were formerly plastered. The Central Group still contains a standing tower, Prasat Tao (King Lion Temple). Two stone lions (originally there were four, but two were stolen), are at the main entrance of the brick tower. The Northern Group includes nine temples and a large tower, Prasat Sambo. This group was heavily damaged by bombing. The carved sandstone columns and door frames testify to the art of the Chenla empire.

References

  1. ^ Walker, George B. (1955). Angkor Empire. Signet Press. p. 116. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  2. ^ Chatterjee, Bijan Raj (1964). Indian cultural influence in Cambodia. University of Calcutta. p. 25. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  3. ^ Sharan, Mahesh Kumar (2003). Studies In Sanskrit Inscriptions Of Ancient Cambodia. Abhinav Publications. p. 31. ISBN 978-81-7017-006-8.
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