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Coordinates: 43°18′18″N 21°52′21″E / 43.30500°N 21.87250°E / 43.30500; 21.87250
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
[[File:Bubanj Memorial.JPG|thumb|250px|Three fists]]
{{Infobox historic site
'''Memorial Park Bubanj''' ({{lang-sr|Мемориjални парк Бубањ}}) is a [[World War II]] [[War memorial|memorial complex]] built to commemorate the shooting and execution of the 10,000 citizens of [[Niš]], and it is located in [[Palilula, Niš|Palilula municipality]] of [[Niš]], [[Serbia]].
| name = Memorial Park Bubanj
| native_name =
| native_language =
⚫
| image = File:Spomen park Bubanj.JPG
| caption = Three fists monument
| type = Memorial park
| locmapin =
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|43|18|18|N|21|52|21|E|source:srwiki_region:RS|display=title}}
| location = [[Palilula, Niš|Palilula]], [[Niš]], [[Serbia]]
| area =
| built = 1963
| architect =
| architecture =
| governing_body =
| owner =
| designation1 = Serbia
| designation1_type = [[Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)|Historic Landmark of Exceptional Importance]]
| designation1_date = 1973
| designation1_number = [http://spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs/spomenik.php?id=603 ЗМ 7]
}}
'''Memorial Park Bubanj''' ({{lang-sr|Мемориjални парк Бубањ, Спомен парк Бубањ}}, ''Memorijalni park Bubanj, Spomen park Bubanj'') is a [[World War II]] [[War memorial|memorial complex]] built to commemorate the shooting and execution of more than 10,000<ref>Miloš Bajić, ''Yugoslavia; monuments to the Revolution'', Subnor Jugoslavije, 1968 – p. 29</ref><ref name="Mitchell,__Bradt_Travel_Guide">Laurence Mitchell, ''Bradt Travel Guide Serbia'', Bradt Travel Guides, 2007 – p. 307</ref><ref name="Tomas̆ević_Radovanović">Nebojs̆a Tomas̆ević, Karin Radovanović, ''Treasures of Yugoslavia: an encyclopedic touring guide'', Yugoslaviapublic, 1982 – p. 382</ref><ref name="Bobot_Rakić_Tomašević">
Rajko Bobot, Kosta Rakić, Una Tomašević, ''Socialist Republic of Serbia'', Jugoslovenska Revija, 1985 – p. 102</ref><ref name="Mitchell_2010">Laurence Mitchell, ''Serbia, 3rd'', Bradt Travel Guides, 2010 – p. 329</ref> citizens of [[Niš]]<ref name="Mitchell,__Bradt_Travel_Guide"/><ref name="Mitchell_2010"/> and people from Serbia and other parts of the country,<ref name="Tomas̆ević_Radovanović"/><ref name="Bobot_Rakić_Tomašević"/> but according to some data, over 12,000 people,<ref>
Rajko Bobot, Kosta Rakić, Una Tomašević, ''Socialist Republic of Serbia'', Jugoslovenska Revija, 1985 – p. 87</ref> and it is located in [[Palilula, Niš|Palilula municipality]] of [[Niš]], [[Serbia]].


== Location ==
== Location ==


Situated on the hill southwest of the Bubanj of Niš, which cut the main road [[Niš]] - [[Skopje]], is situated 2 km from the other Serbian [[Cultural Property of Great Importance]], [[Crveni Krst concentration camp]].
Situated on the hill southwest of the Bubanj of Niš, which cut the main road [[Niš]] – [[Skopje]], is situated 2 km from the other Serbian [[Cultural Property of Great Importance]], [[Crveni Krst concentration camp]].


== Memorial complex ==
== Memorial complex ==
[[File:Bubanj-Pesnice 4.jpg|170px|thumb|left|Fists]]
[[File:Bubanj-Pesnice 4.jpg|170px|thumb|left|Fists]]
The complex is arranged as park, the memorial trail is a about half a mile long, a marble relief of size 23x2,5 m long, consists of five compositions that symbolize the "killing machine", hanging and firing squads, the people revolting, surrender of invaders and victory. Main feature and three concrete obelisks that symbolize the raised hands with clenched fists.<ref name="SANU">[http://spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs/spomenik.php?id=603 Cultural Monuments in Serbia, Bubanj] {{sr icon}}</ref>
The complex is arranged as a park, with a memorial trail about half a mile long running through it. The centrepiece of the site is a marble relief measuring 23 by 2.5 metres, with five compositions that symbolize the "killing machine": execution and firing squads, civil revolts, surrender of the German invaders and final victory over the oppressors.


Each of the three fists are different in sizes and they are a symbol of men's, women's and children's hands that defy the enemy, because entire families were killed at Bubanj.
Another dominant feature of the park is three concrete obelisks that symbolize raised hands with clenched fists.<ref name="SANU">[http://spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs/spomenik.php?id=603 Cultural Monuments in Serbia, Bubanj] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> Each of the three fists are different sizes, depicting men's, women's and children's hands that defy the enemy, symbolic of the fact entire families were killed at Bubanj.


Nearby there is a summer stage.
Nearby there is a summer stage.


== History ==
== History ==

=== World War II ===
=== World War II ===


German fascists turned Bubanj forest into a scaffold, to which Serbs, Gypsies and Jews were brought by trucks from the camps day and night and shot there. Since February 1942 to September 1944 <ref name="palilula">[http://www.palilula.eu/STRANE/KULTURA.htm Palilula and Culture: Historical monuments] ((en))</ref> about 10,000 inmates and detainees were killed by the Special Police and penal institution. The whole terrain is intersected by trenches in which the shooting victims were buried. Before the withdrawal of the Germans, captured Italians were digging up the trenches and burning corpses in order to destroy all traces of atrocities committed.<ref name="palilula"/>
German execution squads established sites in Bubanj forest to which Serbs, Romani and Jews were brought by trucks. Mass exterminations were carried out from February 1942 to September 1944,<ref name="palilula">[http://www.palilula.eu/STRANE/KULTURA.htm Palilula and Culture: Historical monuments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170452/http://www.palilula.eu/STRANE/KULTURA.htm |date=20 July 2011 }} ((en))</ref> including about 10,000 inmates and detainees killed by the Special Police and local penal authorities. The entire area is intersected by trenches in which the shooting victims were buried. Before the withdrawal of the Germans as the Red Army advanced into Yugoslavia in 1944, captured Italians were ordered to dig up the trenches and burn the corpses of the victims in order to destroy all traces of the atrocities committed there.<ref name="palilula"/>


=== Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ===
=== Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ===


Execution site was in [[1950]] originally marked by a memorial pyramid, and new monument, "Three fists" work of Croatian sculptor [[Ivan Sabolić]] was opened on the [[14th October]] [[1963]].<ref>[http://www.nistourism.org.rs/bubanj.html Bubanj at wwww.nistourism.org.rs] {{sr icon}}</ref>
In 1950, the execution site was originally marked by a memorial [[pyramid]]. A new monument, "Three fists", was commissioned by Yugoslav sculptor [[Ivan Sabolić]] and was unveiled on 14 October 1963.<ref>[http://www.nistourism.org.rs/bubanj.html Bubanj at www.nistourism.org.rs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614005117/http://www.nistourism.org.rs/bubanj.html |date=14 June 2010 }} {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
Bubanj Memorial Park was declared [[Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)|Historic Landmark of Exceptional Importance]] in 1979, and it is protected by [[Republic of Serbia]].<ref name="SANU"/>
Bubanj Memorial Park was declared a [[Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)|Historic Landmark of Exceptional Importance]] in 1979, and it is protected by the Republic of [[Serbia]].<ref name="SANU"/>


=== Recent History ===
=== Recent history ===


In [[2004]] in the complex the chapel was built of glass and metal. It is architectural work of the architect [[Alexander Buđevac]], and on 2009, big reconstruction project occurred on entire Bubanj memorial hill.<ref>[http://www.belami.rs/index.php/hronika/1054-pocelo-uredjivanje-bubnja.html Počelo uređivanje Bubnja] {{sr icon}}</ref>
In 2004, a chapel built of glass and metal was added to the complex. It was designed by the architect [[Alexander Buđevac]]. The entire memorial hill was redeveloped in 2009.<ref>[http://www.belami.rs/index.php/hronika/1054-pocelo-uredjivanje-bubnja.html Počelo uređivanje Bubnja] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101173916/http://www.belami.rs/index.php/hronika/1054-pocelo-uredjivanje-bubnja.html |date=1 January 2010 }} {{in lang|sr}}</ref>


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
{{Commonscat|Bubanj Memorial Park}}
{{Commons category|Bubanj Memorial Park}}


<gallery>
<gallery>
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* [[Tourism in Serbia]]
* [[Tourism in Serbia]]
* [[Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)|Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance]]
* [[Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)|Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance]]
*[[List of Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials in Serbia]]


==References==
==References==
Line 49: Line 74:
==External links==
==External links==
* [http://spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs/spomenik.php?id=603 Cultural Monuments in Serbia]
* [http://spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs/spomenik.php?id=603 Cultural Monuments in Serbia]
* [http://www.palilula.eu/STRANE/KULTURA.htm Palilula and Culture: Historical monuments] ((en))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170452/http://www.palilula.eu/STRANE/KULTURA.htm Palilula and Culture: Historical monuments] ((en))
* [http://www.nistourism.org.rs/bubanj.html Bubanj at wwww.nistourism.org.rs] {{sr icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100614005117/http://www.nistourism.org.rs/bubanj.html Bubanj at www.nistourism.org.rs] {{in lang|sr}}
* [http://www.palilula.eu/VESTI/2010/Mart%202010/BubanjNaMetiVandala/BubanjNaMetiVandala.html СПОМЕН ПАРК „БУБАЊ“ НА МЕТИ ВАНДАЛА] {{sr icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720171015/http://www.palilula.eu/VESTI/2010/Mart%202010/BubanjNaMetiVandala/BubanjNaMetiVandala.html СПОМЕН ПАРК „БУБАЊ“ НА МЕТИ ВАНДАЛА] {{in lang|sr}}
* [http://www.spomenikdatabase.org/nis Spomenik Database – Bubanj Memorial at Niš] historical and informational resource (English)


⚫
{{Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance}}
⚫
{{coord|43|18|18|N|21|52|21|E|source:srwiki_region:RS|display=title}}

⚫
{{Cultural Property of Great Importance}}


[[Category:Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance]]
[[Category:Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Serbia]]
[[Category:World War II monuments and memorials in Serbia]]
[[Category:Niš]]
[[Category:Niš]]
[[Category:World War II memorials and cemeteries]]
[[Category:Pyramids in Europe]]
[[Category:Memorial parks]]

[[sr:Спомен парк Бубањ]]
⚫
[[sh:Spomen park Bubanj]]

Latest revision as of 09:24, 12 December 2023

Memorial Park Bubanj
Three fists monument
TypMemorial park
StandortPalilula, Niš, Serbia
Coordinates43°18′18″N 21°52′21″E / 43.30500°N 21.87250°E / 43.30500; 21.87250
Built1963
TypHistoric Landmark of Exceptional Importance
Designated1973
Reference no.ЗМ 7

Memorial Park Bubanj (Serbian: Мемориjални парк Бубањ, Спомен парк Бубањ, Memorijalni park Bubanj, Spomen park Bubanj) is a World War II memorial complex built to commemorate the shooting and execution of more than 10,000[1][2][3][4][5] citizens of Niš[2][5] and people from Serbia and other parts of the country,[3][4] but according to some data, over 12,000 people,[6] and it is located in Palilula municipality of Niš, Serbia.

Standort

[edit]

Situated on the hill southwest of the Bubanj of Niš, which cut the main road Niš – Skopje, is situated 2 km from the other Serbian Cultural Property of Great Importance, Crveni Krst concentration camp.

Memorial complex

[edit]
Fists

The complex is arranged as a park, with a memorial trail about half a mile long running through it. The centrepiece of the site is a marble relief measuring 23 by 2.5 metres, with five compositions that symbolize the "killing machine": execution and firing squads, civil revolts, surrender of the German invaders and final victory over the oppressors.

Another dominant feature of the park is three concrete obelisks that symbolize raised hands with clenched fists.[7] Each of the three fists are different sizes, depicting men's, women's and children's hands that defy the enemy, symbolic of the fact entire families were killed at Bubanj.

Nearby there is a summer stage.

History

[edit]

World War II

[edit]

German execution squads established sites in Bubanj forest to which Serbs, Romani and Jews were brought by trucks. Mass exterminations were carried out from February 1942 to September 1944,[8] including about 10,000 inmates and detainees killed by the Special Police and local penal authorities. The entire area is intersected by trenches in which the shooting victims were buried. Before the withdrawal of the Germans as the Red Army advanced into Yugoslavia in 1944, captured Italians were ordered to dig up the trenches and burn the corpses of the victims in order to destroy all traces of the atrocities committed there.[8]

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

[edit]

In 1950, the execution site was originally marked by a memorial pyramid. A new monument, "Three fists", was commissioned by Yugoslav sculptor Ivan Sabolić and was unveiled on 14 October 1963.[9] Bubanj Memorial Park was declared a Historic Landmark of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia.[7]

Recent history

[edit]

In 2004, a chapel built of glass and metal was added to the complex. It was designed by the architect Alexander Buđevac. The entire memorial hill was redeveloped in 2009.[10]

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bubanj Memorial Park.
  • Entrance on Bubanj hill
    Entrance on Bubanj hill
  • Path to the monument
    Path to the monument
  • Overview of the memorial front view
    Overview of the memorial front view
  • Death row
    Death row
  • Summer stage
    Summer stage
  • Bubanj Glass chapel
    Bubanj Glass chapel

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Miloš Bajić, Yugoslavia; monuments to the Revolution, Subnor Jugoslavije, 1968 – p. 29
  2. ^ a b Laurence Mitchell, Bradt Travel Guide Serbia, Bradt Travel Guides, 2007 – p. 307
  3. ^ a b Nebojs̆a Tomas̆ević, Karin Radovanović, Treasures of Yugoslavia: an encyclopedic touring guide, Yugoslaviapublic, 1982 – p. 382
  4. ^ a b Rajko Bobot, Kosta Rakić, Una Tomašević, Socialist Republic of Serbia, Jugoslovenska Revija, 1985 – p. 102
  5. ^ a b Laurence Mitchell, Serbia, 3rd, Bradt Travel Guides, 2010 – p. 329
  6. ^ Rajko Bobot, Kosta Rakić, Una Tomašević, Socialist Republic of Serbia, Jugoslovenska Revija, 1985 – p. 87
  7. ^ a b Cultural Monuments in Serbia, Bubanj (in Serbian)
  8. ^ a b Palilula and Culture: Historical monuments Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine ((en))
  9. ^ Bubanj at www.nistourism.org.rs Archived 14 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Serbian)
  10. ^ Počelo uređivanje Bubnja Archived 1 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Serbian)
[edit]
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