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[[File:U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 391 009 010 (31308713210).jpg|thumb|[[Shyh Wang Hall]], which houses the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.]]
[[File:U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 391 009 010 (31308713210).jpg|thumb|[[Shyh Wang Hall]], which houses the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.]]
The '''National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),''' is a high-performance computing ([[supercomputer]]) National User Facility operated by [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] for the [[United States Department of Energy]] [[Office of Science]]. As the mission computing center for the Office of Science, NERSC houses high performance computing and data systems used by 9,000 scientists at national laboratories and universities around the country. Research at NERSC is focused on fundamental and applied research in [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]], storage, and generation; Earth systems science, and understanding of fundamental forces of nature and the universe. The largest research areas are in High Energy Physics, Materials Science, Chemical Sciences, Climate and Environmental Sciences, Nuclear Physics, and Fusion Energy research. NERSC's newest and largest supercomputer is [[Perlmutter (supercomputer)|Perlmutter]], which debuted in 2021 ranked 5th on the [[TOP500]] list of world's fastest supercomputers.
[[File:Cori seal.jpg|thumb|NERSC's flagship supercomputer is Cori, a Cray XC40 system with a peak speed of 30 petaflop/s.]]
The '''National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center''', or '''NERSC''', is a high performance computing (supercomputer) user facility operated by [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] for the United States [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] [[Office of Science]]. As the mission computing center for the Office of Science, NERSC houses high performance computing and data systems used by 7,000 scientists at national laboratories and universities around the country. NERSC's newest and largest supercomputer is Cori,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/systems/cori/|title=Cori Cray XC40 2016|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-03-23}}</ref> which was ranked 5th on the [[TOP500]] list of world's fastest supercomputers in November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.top500.org/lists/2016/11/|title=November 2016 {{!}} TOP500 Supercomputer Sites|website=www.top500.org|language=en|access-date=2017-03-23}}</ref> NERSC is located on the main Berkeley Lab campus in [[Berkeley, California]].

==History==
==History==
NERSC was founded in 1974 as the Controlled Thermonuclear Research Computer Center, or CTRCC, at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]], The center was created to provide computing resources to the fusion energy research community and began with a Control Data Corporation 6600 computer (SN-1). The first machine procured directly by the center was a CDC 7600, installed in 1975 with a peak performance of 36 megaflop/s (36 million floating point operations per second). In 1976, the center was renamed the National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center.
NERSC was founded in 1974 as the Controlled Thermonuclear Research Computer Center, or CTRCC, at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL). The center was created to provide computing resources to the fusion energy research community, and began with a [[CDC 6600|Control Data Corporation 6600]] computer (SN-1). The first machine procured directly by the center was a [[CDC 7600]], installed in 1975 with a peak performance of 36 megaflop/s (36 million floating point operations per second). In 1976, the center was renamed the National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center.


Subsequent supercomputers included a [[Cray-1]] (SN-6), which was called the "c" machine, installed in May 1978, and in 1985 the world's first [[Cray-2]] (SN-1), which was the "b" machine, nicknamed "Bubbles" because of the bubbles visible in the fluid of its unique direct liquid cooling system. In 1983, the center began providing a small portion of its resources to researchers outside the fusion community. As the center increasingly supported science across many research areas, it changed its name to the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center in 1990.
Subsequent supercomputers include a [[Cray-1]] (SN-6), which was installed in May 1978 and called the "c" machine. In 1985, the world's first [[Cray-2]] (SN-1) was installed as the "b" machine. The bubbles visible in the fluid of the Cray-2's direct liquid cooling system earned it the nickname "Bubbles."


In 1983, the center began providing a small portion of its resources to researchers outside the fusion community. As the center increasingly supported science across many research areas, it changed its name to the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center in 1990.
In 1995, the Department of Energy (DOE) made the decision to move NERSC from LLNL to [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]. A cluster of Cray J90 systems was installed in Berkeley before the main systems at Livermore were shut down for the move in 1996, thus ensuring continuous support for the research community. As part of the move, the center was renamed the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, but kept the NERSC acronym. In 2000, NERSC moved to a new site in Oakland to accommodate the growing footprint of air-cooled supercomputers.


In 1995, the Department of Energy (DOE) moved NERSC from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]. A cluster of [[Cray J90]] systems was installed in Berkeley before the main systems at Livermore were shut down for the move in 1996 to provide continuous support for the research community. As a part of the move, the center was renamed the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, but kept the NERSC acronym. In 2000, NERSC moved to a new site in Oakland to accommodate the growing footprint of air-cooled supercomputers.
In November 2015, NERSC moved back to the main Berkeley Lab site and is housed in Shyh Wang Hall.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/11/12/facility-for-computational-science/|title=Berkeley Lab Opens State-of-the-Art Facility for Computational Science {{!}} Berkeley Lab|date=2015-11-12|work=News Center|access-date=2018-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref> As with the move from LLNL, a new system was first installed in Berkeley before the machines in Oakland were taken down and moved.

In November 2015, NERSC moved back to the main Berkeley Lab site and is housed in [[Shyh Wang Hall]], an energy-efficient supercomputer facility.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cs.lbl.gov/news-media/news/2020/less-is-more-lbnl-breaks-new-ground-in-data-center-optimization/ | title=Less is More: LBNL Breaks New Ground in Data Center Optimization }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/11/12/facility-for-computational-science/|title=Berkeley Lab Opens State-of-the-Art Facility for Computational Science {{!}} Berkeley Lab|date=2015-11-12|work=News Center|access-date=2018-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref> The building was financed by the [[University of California]] which manages Berkeley Lab for the [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)]]. As with the move from LLNL, a new system was first installed in Berkeley before the machines in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] were taken down and moved. The utility infrastructure and computer systems are provided by the DOE.


==Computers==
==Computers==
The center names its major systems after scientists.
To reflect NERSC's mission to support scientific research, the center names its major systems after scientists. The center is located in Shyh Wang Hall, one of the nation's most energy-efficient supercomputer facilities. The building was financed by the University of California which manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The utility infrastructure and computer systems are provided by DOE.


The newest supercomputer Perlmutter , is honor of Saul Perlmutter, an astrophysicist at Berkeley Lab who shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to research showing that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.<ref>https://www.nersc.gov/systems/perlmutter/</ref>
The newest supercomputer [[Perlmutter (supercomputer)|Perlmutter]], is named after [[Saul Perlmutter]], an astrophysicist at Berkeley Lab who shared the 2011 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his contributions to research showing that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. It is a [[Cray]] system based on the Shasta architecture, with [[Zen 3]] based [[Epyc|AMD Epyc]] [[Central processing unit|CPUs]] ("Milan") and [[Ampere (microarchitecture)|NVIDIA Ampere]] [[Graphics processing unit|GPUs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nersc.gov/systems/perlmutter/|title = Perlmutter}}</ref>


The supercomputer, Cori, is named in honor of [[Gerty Cori]], a biochemist who was the first American woman to receive a Nobel Prize in science. Cori is a [[Cray XC40]] system with 622,336 Intel processor cores and a theoretical peak performance of 30 petaflop/s (30 quadrillion operations per second). Cori was delivered in two phases. The first phase — also known as the Data Partition — was installed in late 2015 and comprises 12 cabinets and more than 1,600 Intel Xeon "Haswell" compute nodes. It was customized to support data-intensive science and the analysis of large datasets through a combination of hardware and software configurations and queue policies.
Another NERSC supercomputer is Cori, named after [[Gerty Cori]], a [[biochemist]] who was the first American woman to receive a [[Nobel Prize]] in science. Cori is a [[Cray XC40]] system with 622,336 Intel processor cores and a theoretical peak performance of 30 [[petaflop]]/s (30 quadrillion operations per second). Cori was delivered in two phases. The first phase—also known as the Data Partition—was installed in late 2015 and comprises 12 cabinets and more than 1,600 [[Xeon|Intel Xeon]] "Haswell" compute nodes. The second phase<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cori Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) Nodes |url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/configuration/cori-intel-xeon-phi-nodes/ |access-date=2018-02-09 |website=National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center |language=en}}</ref> of Cori, installed in summer 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cori Supercomputer Now Fully Installed at Berkeley Lab |url=http://www.nersc.gov/news-publications/nersc-news/nersc-center-news/2016/cori-supercomputer-now-fully-installed-at-berkeley-lab/ |access-date=2018-02-09 |website=National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center |language=en}}</ref> added 52 cabinets and more than 9,300 nodes with second-generation [[Intel Xeon Phi]] processors (code-named Knights Landing, or KNL for short), making Cori the largest{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} supercomputing system for open science based on KNL processors.


NERSC also houses a 200+ [[petabyte]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/storage-and-file-systems/hpss/about/|title=About|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> [[High Performance Storage System]] (HPSS) for [[Archive|archival]] [[mass storage]], in use since 1998.
The second phase<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/configuration/cori-intel-xeon-phi-nodes/|title=Cori Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) Nodes|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref> of Cori, installed in summer 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/news-publications/nersc-news/nersc-center-news/2016/cori-supercomputer-now-fully-installed-at-berkeley-lab/|title=Cori Supercomputer Now Fully Installed at Berkeley Lab|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref> added another 52 cabinets and more than 9,300 nodes with second-generation Intel Xeon Phi processors (code-named Knights Landing, or KNL for short), making Cori the largest supercomputing system for open science based on KNL processors. With 68 active physical cores on each KNL and 32 on each Haswell processor, Cori has almost 700,000 processor cores. The two phases of Cori are integrated via the Cray Aries interconnect, which has a dragonfly network topology that provides scalable bandwidth.


NERSC facilities are accessible through the [[Energy Sciences Network]], or ESnet, which is also managed by [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] for the Department of Energy.
Cori features a Burst Buffer based on the Cray DataWarp technology. The Burst Buffer, a 1.5 PB layer of NVRAM storage, sits between compute node memory and Cori's 30-petabyte Lustre parallel scratch file system. The burst buffer provides about 1.5 TB/sec of I/O bandwidth, more than twice that of the scratch file system. NERSC has also added software-defined networking features to Cori to more efficiently move data in and out of the system, giving users end-to-end connectivity and bandwidth for real-time data analysis, and a real-time queue for time-sensitive analyses of data.

NERSC's now retired system is Edison, a [[Cray XC30]] named in honor of American inventor and scientist [[Thomas Edison]], which has a peak performance of 2.57 petaflop/s. Fully installed in 2014, Edison consists of 133,824 compute cores for running scientific applications, 357 terabytes of memory, and 7.56 petabytes of online disk storage with a peak I/O bandwidth of 168 gigabytes (GB) per second.In May 2019 the computer was shutdown and removed with the unit being shipped back to cray. <ref>https://www.nersc.gov/news-publications/nersc-news/nersc-center-news/2019/edison-supercomputer-to-retire-after-five-years-of-service/</ref>

Other systems at NERSC include:
* PDSF, a networked distributed computing cluster designed primarily to meet the detector simulation and data analysis requirements of physics, astrophysics and nuclear science collaborations. PDSF is the longest continually operating Linux cluster in the world.
* Genepool, an Intel-based cluster dedicated to the computing needs of the DOE [[Joint Genome Institute]].
* A 100 [[petabyte]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/storage-and-file-systems/hpss/about/|title=About|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> [[High Performance Storage System]] (HPSS) installation for archival storage. In use since 1998, HPSS is a modern, flexible, performance-oriented mass storage system. NERSC was one of the original developers of HPSS, along with five other DOE labs and IBM.

NERSC facilities are accessible through the [[Energy Sciences Network]], or ESnet, which is also managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the Department of Energy.


==Projects==
==Projects==
NERSC staff are leading a number of special projects to advance computational science while also helping prepare the broader research community for the [[Exascale computing|exascale]] era. Examples are:
NERSC staff lead projects in computational science while also helping prepare the broader research community for the [[Exascale computing|exascale]] era.

'''NESAP''': The NERSC Exascale Science Applications Program is a collaborative effort in which NERSC is partnering with code teams and library and tools developers to prepare critical applications to make the most effective use of Cori's manycore architecture. NESAP represents an important opportunity for researchers to prepare application codes for the new architecture and to help advance the missions of the Department of Energy's Office of Science. The NESAP partnership allows 20 projects to collaborate with NERSC, Cray, and Intel by providing access to early hardware, special training and preparation sessions with Intel and Cray staff. Eight of those 20 will also have an opportunity for a postdoctoral researcher to investigate computational science issues associated with energy-efficient manycore systems.

'''Shifter''': NERSC is working to increase flexibility and usability of its HPC systems by enabling Docker-like Linux container technology. Developed by NERSC staff, Shifter is an open-source software tool based on Docker containers that enables NERSC users to more easily analyze datasets from experimental facilities. Such containers allow an application to be packaged with its entire software stack - including some portions of the base OS files - as well defining needed user environment variables and application "entry point."

'''HPC4Mfg''' (High Performance Computing for Manufacturing): NERSC is one of three DOE supercomputing centers working to create an ecosystem that allows experts at DOE's national laboratories to work directly with manufacturing industry members to teach them how to adopt or advance their use of high performance computing (HPC) to address manufacturing challenges with a goal of increasing energy efficiency, reducing environmental impacts and advancing clean energy technologies. The project is led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.


'''NESAP''': The NERSC Exascale Science Applications Program partners with code teams and library and tool developers to prepare applications to use Cori's manycore architecture. Researchers prepare application codes for the new architecture. The NESAP partnership allows 20 projects to collaborate with NERSC, Cray, and [[Intel]] by providing access to early hardware, training, and preparation sessions with Intel and Cray staff. Eight of those 20 projects will also have an opportunity for a [[postdoctoral researcher]] to investigate computational science issues associated with energy-efficient many-core systems.
==NERSC's user community==
In 2016, NERSC supported nearly 7,000 active users from universities, national labs and industry who used about 3 billion supercomputing hours. NERSC has users in 49 states across the U.S., as well as in 45 countries around the world.


'''Shifter''': Shifter is an [[open-source software]] tool based on [[Docker (software)|Docker]] containers that enables NERSC users to analyze datasets from experimental facilities. Such containers allow an application to be packaged with its entire software stack—including some portions of the base [[Operating system|OS]] files—as well as defining user [[environment variables]] and [[Entry point|application "entry point"]].
University researchers accounted for about half of all the computing time used (1.23 million) in 2016, followed by DOE labs (1.51 million), other government labs (157 million), industry (32 million) and non-profits (1 million).


'''HPC4Mfg''' (High Performance Computing for Manufacturing): NERSC is one of three DOE supercomputing centers working to create an ecosystem that allows experts at national laboratories to work directly with manufacturing industry members to teach them how to adopt or advance their use of high performance computing (HPC) to address manufacturing challenges with a goal of increasing energy efficiency, reducing [[environmental impact]]s and advancing [[clean energy]] technologies. The project is led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
The top 10 research areas (in terms of computing time) are fusion energy, materials science, climate, lattice QCD, chemistry, astrophysics, high energy physics, nuclear physics, computer science and geosciences.


==NERSC's user community and scientific impact==
Of the 129 universities using NERSC, the University of California San Diego logs the most compute time (141 million hours) with University of Arizona, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California Berkeley, Princeton University, University of California Los Angeles, University of Kentucky, University of California Irvine, George Washington University and the University of Chicago rounding out the top 10.
In 2021 NERSC was acknowledged in more than 2,000 referenced scientific journal publications. Six Nobel Prize winning individuals or teams have used NERSC in their research.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}


In 2022, NERSC supported nearly 9,000 users from universities, national labs, and industries and has users in 50 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 45 countries. {{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} NERSC supported researchers from 514 colleges and universities, 26 Department of Energy National Laboratories, 52 organizations in industry, 31 small businesses, 115 other government labs, and 19 non-profit organizations.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
Geographically, 5,853 of NERSC's users are in North America, 30 in South America, seven in Africa, 335 in the Middle East/Asia Pacific region and 662 in Europe.


==References==
==References==
Line 61: Line 46:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.nersc.gov/ NERSC main website]
*{{official|http://www.nersc.gov/}} – NERSC
*[http://www.nersc.gov/about/nersc-history/ NERSC history]
*[http://www.nersc.gov/about/nersc-history/ NERSC history]
*[http://www.es.net/ ESnet]
*[http://www.es.net/ ESnet]
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[[Category:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
[[Category:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Oakland, California]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Berkeley, California]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Berkeley, California]]
[[Category:University and college laboratories in the United States]]
[[Category:University and college laboratories in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 07:37, 17 December 2023

Shyh Wang Hall, which houses the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), is a high-performance computing (supercomputer) National User Facility operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the United States Department of Energy Office of Science. As the mission computing center for the Office of Science, NERSC houses high performance computing and data systems used by 9,000 scientists at national laboratories and universities around the country. Research at NERSC is focused on fundamental and applied research in energy efficiency, storage, and generation; Earth systems science, and understanding of fundamental forces of nature and the universe. The largest research areas are in High Energy Physics, Materials Science, Chemical Sciences, Climate and Environmental Sciences, Nuclear Physics, and Fusion Energy research. NERSC's newest and largest supercomputer is Perlmutter, which debuted in 2021 ranked 5th on the TOP500 list of world's fastest supercomputers.

History[edit]

NERSC was founded in 1974 as the Controlled Thermonuclear Research Computer Center, or CTRCC, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The center was created to provide computing resources to the fusion energy research community, and began with a Control Data Corporation 6600 computer (SN-1). The first machine procured directly by the center was a CDC 7600, installed in 1975 with a peak performance of 36 megaflop/s (36 million floating point operations per second). In 1976, the center was renamed the National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center.

Subsequent supercomputers include a Cray-1 (SN-6), which was installed in May 1978 and called the "c" machine. In 1985, the world's first Cray-2 (SN-1) was installed as the "b" machine. The bubbles visible in the fluid of the Cray-2's direct liquid cooling system earned it the nickname "Bubbles."

In 1983, the center began providing a small portion of its resources to researchers outside the fusion community. As the center increasingly supported science across many research areas, it changed its name to the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center in 1990.

In 1995, the Department of Energy (DOE) moved NERSC from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A cluster of Cray J90 systems was installed in Berkeley before the main systems at Livermore were shut down for the move in 1996 to provide continuous support for the research community. As a part of the move, the center was renamed the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, but kept the NERSC acronym. In 2000, NERSC moved to a new site in Oakland to accommodate the growing footprint of air-cooled supercomputers.

In November 2015, NERSC moved back to the main Berkeley Lab site and is housed in Shyh Wang Hall, an energy-efficient supercomputer facility.[1][2] The building was financed by the University of California which manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). As with the move from LLNL, a new system was first installed in Berkeley before the machines in Oakland were taken down and moved. The utility infrastructure and computer systems are provided by the DOE.

Computers[edit]

The center names its major systems after scientists.

The newest supercomputer Perlmutter, is named after Saul Perlmutter, an astrophysicist at Berkeley Lab who shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to research showing that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. It is a Cray system based on the Shasta architecture, with Zen 3 based AMD Epyc CPUs ("Milan") and NVIDIA Ampere GPUs.[3]

Another NERSC supercomputer is Cori, named after Gerty Cori, a biochemist who was the first American woman to receive a Nobel Prize in science. Cori is a Cray XC40 system with 622,336 Intel processor cores and a theoretical peak performance of 30 petaflop/s (30 quadrillion operations per second). Cori was delivered in two phases. The first phase—also known as the Data Partition—was installed in late 2015 and comprises 12 cabinets and more than 1,600 Intel Xeon "Haswell" compute nodes. The second phase[4] of Cori, installed in summer 2016,[5] added 52 cabinets and more than 9,300 nodes with second-generation Intel Xeon Phi processors (code-named Knights Landing, or KNL for short), making Cori the largest[citation needed] supercomputing system for open science based on KNL processors.

NERSC also houses a 200+ petabyte[6] High Performance Storage System (HPSS) for archival mass storage, in use since 1998.

NERSC facilities are accessible through the Energy Sciences Network, or ESnet, which is also managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the Department of Energy.

Projects[edit]

NERSC staff lead projects in computational science while also helping prepare the broader research community for the exascale era.

NESAP: The NERSC Exascale Science Applications Program partners with code teams and library and tool developers to prepare applications to use Cori's manycore architecture. Researchers prepare application codes for the new architecture. The NESAP partnership allows 20 projects to collaborate with NERSC, Cray, and Intel by providing access to early hardware, training, and preparation sessions with Intel and Cray staff. Eight of those 20 projects will also have an opportunity for a postdoctoral researcher to investigate computational science issues associated with energy-efficient many-core systems.

Shifter: Shifter is an open-source software tool based on Docker containers that enables NERSC users to analyze datasets from experimental facilities. Such containers allow an application to be packaged with its entire software stack—including some portions of the base OS files—as well as defining user environment variables and application "entry point".

HPC4Mfg (High Performance Computing for Manufacturing): NERSC is one of three DOE supercomputing centers working to create an ecosystem that allows experts at national laboratories to work directly with manufacturing industry members to teach them how to adopt or advance their use of high performance computing (HPC) to address manufacturing challenges with a goal of increasing energy efficiency, reducing environmental impacts and advancing clean energy technologies. The project is led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

NERSC's user community and scientific impact[edit]

In 2021 NERSC was acknowledged in more than 2,000 referenced scientific journal publications. Six Nobel Prize winning individuals or teams have used NERSC in their research.[citation needed]

In 2022, NERSC supported nearly 9,000 users from universities, national labs, and industries and has users in 50 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 45 countries. [citation needed] NERSC supported researchers from 514 colleges and universities, 26 Department of Energy National Laboratories, 52 organizations in industry, 31 small businesses, 115 other government labs, and 19 non-profit organizations.[citation needed]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Less is More: LBNL Breaks New Ground in Data Center Optimization".
  2. ^ "Berkeley Lab Opens State-of-the-Art Facility for Computational Science | Berkeley Lab". News Center. 2015-11-12. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
  3. ^ "Perlmutter".
  4. ^ "Cori Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) Nodes". National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  5. ^ "Cori Supercomputer Now Fully Installed at Berkeley Lab". National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  6. ^ "About". www.nersc.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-08.

External links[edit]