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{{short description|Stage and age of Holocene}}
{{Short description|First stage of the Holocene epoch}}
{{distinguish|Greenlandic (disambiguation){{!}}Greenlandic}}
{{distinguish|Greenlandic (disambiguation){{!}}Greenlandic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox geologic timespan
{{Infobox geologic timespan
| name = Greenlandian
| name = Greenlandian
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<!--Etymology-->
<!--Etymology-->
| name_formality = Formal
| name_formality = Formal
| name_accept_date = 14 June 2018<ref name = 'holocenestageratification'>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Mike |last2=Head |first2=Martin J. |last3=Berkelhammer |first3=Max |last4=Björck |first4=Svante |last5=Cheng |first5=Hai |last6=Cwynar |first6=Les |last7=Fisher |first7=David |last8=Gkinis |first8=Vasilios |last9=Long |first9=Anthony |last10=Lowe |first10=John |last11=Newnham |first11=Rewi |last12=Rasmussen |first12=Sune Olander|last13=Weiss |first13=Harvey |title=Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries |journal=Episodes |date=1 December 2018 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=213–223 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016 |doi-access=free |url=https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/meghalayan.pdf |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Head |first1=Martin J. |title=Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions |journal=Quaternary International |date=17 May 2019 |volume=500 |pages=32–51 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618219304343 |accessdate=26 December 2020|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| name_accept_date = 14 June 2018<ref name="FRS">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Mike |last2=Head |first2=Martin J. |last3=Berkelhammer |first3=Max |last4=Björck |first4=Svante |last5=Cheng |first5=Hai |last6=Cwynar |first6=Les |last7=Fisher |first7=David |last8=Gkinis |first8=Vasilios |last9=Long |first9=Anthony |last10=Lowe |first10=John |last11=Newnham |first11=Rewi |last12=Rasmussen |first12=Sune Olander |last13=Weiss |first13=Harvey |title=Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries |journal=Episodes |publisher=Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) |date=1 December 2018 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=213–223 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016 |doi-access=free |url=https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/meghalayan.pdf |access-date=28 August 2020}} ''This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Head |first1=Martin J. |title=Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions |journal=Quaternary International |date=17 May 2019 |volume=500 |pages=32–51 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018 |doi-access= }}</ref>
| alternate_spellings =
| alternate_spellings =
| synonym1 =
| synonym1 =
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| lower_gssp_location = [[North Greenland Ice Core Project|NGRIP2]] ice core, [[Greenland]]
| lower_gssp_location = [[North Greenland Ice Core Project|NGRIP2]] ice core, [[Greenland]]
| lower_gssp_coords = {{Coord|75.1000|N|42.3200|W|display=inline}}
| lower_gssp_coords = {{Coord|75.1000|N|42.3200|W|display=inline}}
| lower_gssp_accept_date = 14 June 2018 (as base of Greenlandian)<ref name = 'holocenestageratification'/>
| lower_gssp_accept_date = 14 June 2018 (as base of Greenlandian)<ref name="FRS"/>
| upper_boundary_def = [[8.2 kiloyear event]]
| upper_boundary_def = [[8.2 kiloyear event]]
| upper_gssp_location = NGRIP1 ice core, Greenland
| upper_gssp_location = NGRIP1 ice core, Greenland
| upper_gssp_coords = {{Coord|75.1000|N|42.3200|W|display=inline}}
| upper_gssp_coords = {{Coord|75.1000|N|42.3200|W|display=inline}}
| upper_gssp_accept_date = 14 June 2018<ref name = 'holocenestageratification'/>
| upper_gssp_accept_date = 14 June 2018<ref name="FRS"/>
<!--Atmospheric and Climatic Data-->
<!--Atmospheric and Climatic Data-->
| o2 =
| o2 =
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}}
}}
{{Human history}}
{{Human history}}
In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Greenlandian''' is the earliest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Holocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] or [[series (stratigraphy)|series]], part of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="chart" /><ref name="ICCtimescale" /> Beginning in 9700 BCE and ending 6236 BCE,<ref name="BBCNews" /> it is the earliest of three sub-divisions of the Holocene, and was officially ratified by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] in June 2018 with the later [[Northgrippian]] and [[Meghalayan]] ages/stages.<ref name="chart" /> The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the [[Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point|GSSP]] sample from the [[North Greenland Ice Core Project]] in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).<ref name="GSSP-Table" /> The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of [[Younger Dryas]] (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a "shift in deuterium excess values".<ref name="GSSP-Table" />
In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Greenlandian''' is the earliest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Holocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]] or [[series (stratigraphy)|Series]], part of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="ICS">{{cite web |url=https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-06.pdf |last1=Cohen |first1=K. M. |last2=Finney |first2=S. C. |last3=Gibbard |first3=P. L. |last4=Fan |first4=J-X. |title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart |publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy |date=June 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="chart">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy |title=ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released! |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/120-ics-chart-containing-the-quaternary-gssps-and-new-stages-v-2018-07-is-now-released |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> Beginning in 11,650 [[Before Present|BP]] (9701 BCE or 300 HE) and ending with the [[8.2-kiloyear event]] (c. 8200&ndash;8300 BP, 6200&ndash;6300 BCE, 3600&ndash;3700 HE), it is the earliest of three sub-divisions of the Holocene.<ref name="BBCNews">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44868527 |title=Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=18 July 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> It was officially ratified by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] in June 2018 with the later [[Northgrippian]] and [[Meghalayan]] Ages/Stages.<ref name="chart"/> The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the [[Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point|GSSP]] sample from the [[North Greenland Ice Core Project]] in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).<ref name="GSSP-Table">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy. |title=GSSP Table – All Periods |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/index.html |website=GSSPs |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of [[Younger Dryas]] (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a "shift in deuterium excess values".<ref name="GSSP-Table"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist}}

<ref name="chart">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy |title=ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released! |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/120-ics-chart-containing-the-quaternary-gssps-and-new-stages-v-2018-07-is-now-released |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="ICCtimescale">{{cite web |last1=Cohen |first1=Kim Mikkel, David A. T. Harper, Philip Leonard Gibbard, and Junxuan Fan |title=The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale |website=International Commission on Stratigraphy |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="GSSP-Table">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy. |title=GSSP Table - All Periods |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/index.html |website=GSSPs |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="BBCNews">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44868527 |title=Welcome to the Meghalayan Age - a new phase in history |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=18 July 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref>

}}


{{Holocene footer}}
{{Geological history|p|m}}
{{Geological history|p|m}}
{{geochronology-stub}}
{{geochronology-stub}}


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[[Category:10th millennium BC]]
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[[Category:2018 neologisms]]
[[Category:Cenozoic|*01]]
[[Category:Geological epochs]]
[[Category:Holocene|*]]
[[Category:Holocene|*]]
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[[Category:Quaternary geochronology|*03]]
[[Category:Quaternary|*]]
[[Category:Quaternary|*]]
[[Category:Cenozoic|*01]]
[[Category:Younger Dryas]]
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[[Category:Quaternary geochronology|*03]]
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[[Category:Geological epochs]]
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[[Category:10th millennium BC]]

Latest revision as of 11:35, 19 December 2023

Not to be confused with Greenlandic.

Greenlandian
0.0117 – 0.0082 Ma
↓
Chronology
Etymology
Name formalityFormal
Name ratified14 June 2018[1][2]
Usage information
Celestial bodyEarth
Regional usageGlobal (ICS)
Time scale(s) usedICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unitAge
Stratigraphic unitStage
Time span formalityFormal
Lower boundary definitionEnd of the Younger Dryas stadial
Lower boundary GSSPNGRIP2 ice core, Greenland
75°06′00″N 42°19′12″W / 75.1000°N 42.3200°W / 75.1000; -42.3200
Lower GSSP ratified14 June 2018 (as base of Greenlandian)[1]
Upper boundary definition8.2 kiloyear event
Upper boundary GSSPNGRIP1 ice core, Greenland
75°06′00″N 42°19′12″W / 75.1000°N 42.3200°W / 75.1000; -42.3200
Upper GSSP ratified14 June 2018[1]
Part of a series on
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↑ Prehistory (Stone Age)   (Pleistocene epoch)
Holocene
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See also
↓ Future   

In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene Epoch or Series, part of the Quaternary.[3][4] Beginning in 11,650 BP (9701 BCE or 300 HE) and ending with the 8.2-kiloyear event (c. 8200–8300 BP, 6200–6300 BCE, 3600–3700 HE), it is the earliest of three sub-divisions of the Holocene.[5] It was officially ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in June 2018 with the later Northgrippian and Meghalayan Ages/Stages.[4] The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the GSSP sample from the North Greenland Ice Core Project in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).[6] The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of Younger Dryas (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a "shift in deuterium excess values".[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Walker, Mike; Head, Martin J.; Berkelhammer, Max; Björck, Svante; Cheng, Hai; Cwynar, Les; Fisher, David; Gkinis, Vasilios; Long, Anthony; Lowe, John; Newnham, Rewi; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Weiss, Harvey (1 December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 28 August 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
  2. ^ Head, Martin J. (17 May 2019). "Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions". Quaternary International. 500: 32–51. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018.
  3. ^ Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (June 2023). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  5. ^ Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history". BBC News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  6. ^ a b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "GSSP Table – All Periods". GSSPs. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
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