Stremma: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Greek unit of land area}} |
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The '''stremma''' ({{lang-el|στρέμμα}}, plural στρέμματα) is a [[Greece|Greek]] unit of land [[area]], equal to 1,000 [[square metre]]s, also called the 'royal' stremma. The name comes from a root meaning 'to turn', presumably referring to the amount of land that can be ploughed/turned in a day.<ref>Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής (Dictionary of Modern Greek), Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1998. ISBN 960-231-085-5</ref> |
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The '''stremma''' ({{abbr|pl.|plural}} stremmata; {{lang-el|στρέμμα}}, ''strémma'') is unit of land [[area]] used mainly in [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]], equal to 1,000 [[square metre]]s or approximately ¼ [[acre (unit)|acre]]. |
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==History== |
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The "old", "Turkish", or "Ottoman" stremma was approximately 1,270 m² (Λεξικό, 1998): it was the Greek name of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[dönüm]],<ref>Λεξικό</ref> which was in turn based on the Byzantine stremma (see below). But the exactly value varied by region.<ref> for the region of [[Naousa, Imathia|Naoussa]] in the early 20th century, one researcher uses a value of 1,600 m²: [[Costas Lapavitsas]], "Social and Economic Underpinning of Industrial Development: Evidence from Ottoman Macedonia", ''Ηλεκτρονικό Δελτίο Οικονομικής Ιστορίας'' [http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/8828/1/Lapavitsas4112005.pdf]</ref> |
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The [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] [[Greek units|equivalent]] was the [[square plethron]], which served as the Greeks' form of the [[acre (unit)|acre]]. It was originally defined as the area plowed by a team of oxen in a day<ref>{{Citation |last=Pryce |first=Frederick Norman |author2-last=Lang |author2-first=Mabel L. |author3-last=Vickers |author3-first=Michael |display-authors=1 |editor-last=Spawforth |editor-first=Antony |editor2-last=Hornblower |editor2-first=Simon |editor3-last=Eidinow |editor3-first=Esther |display-editors=0 |contribution=measures |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA917 |title=The Oxford Classical Dictionary, ''4th ed.'' |page=917 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |ref={{harvid|Pryce|2012}} }}.</ref> but was nominally standardized as the area enclosed by a square 100 [[Greek feet]] (''[[pous]]'') to a side. It was the size of a [[Greek wrestling]] square. |
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The |
The [[Byzantine units|Byzantine]] or [[Morea]]n stremma continued to vary depending on the period and the quality of the land, but usually enclosed an area between {{convert|900|-|1900|m2|sp=us|abbr=on}}.<ref>Siriol Davis, "Pylos Regional Archaeological Project, Part VI: administration and settlement in Venetian Navarino", ''Hesperia'', Winter, 2004 [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SDG/is_1_73/ai_n13493303/pg_17]</ref> It was originally also known as the "plethron" but this was eventually replaced by "stremma", derived from the verb for "turning" the ground with a Byzantine plow.<ref>Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής (Dictionary of Modern Greek), Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1998. {{ISBN|960-231-085-5}}</ref> |
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The |
The [[Ottoman units of measurement|Ottoman stremma]], often called the [[Turkish units of measurement|Turkish stremma]], is the Greek (and occasionally English) name for the [[dunam]], which in turn is probably derived from the Byzantine unit.<ref>V.L. Ménage, Review of Speros Vryonis, Jr. ''The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century'', Berkeley, 1971; in ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' (University of London) '''36''':3 (1973), pp. 659-661. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/613605 at JSTOR (subscription required)]; see also Erich Schilbach, ''Byzantinische Metrologie''.</ref> Again, this varied by region: some values include {{convert|1,270|m2|sp=us|abbr=on}},<ref>''The Dictionary of Modern Greek'' <!-- which one? --> Λεξικό, 1998</ref> and 1,600 m<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[[Costas Lapavitsas]], {{cite journal|url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/8828/1/Lapavitsas4112005.pdf |journal=Ηλεκτρονικό Δελτίο Οικονομικής Ιστορίας |title=Social and Economic Underpinning of Industrial Development: Evidence from Ottoman Macedonia |access-date=2012-08-29}}</ref> |
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==Conversions== |
==Conversions== |
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One modern stremma is equivalent to: |
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===Metric=== |
===Metric=== |
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* |
*1,000 [[square metre]]s |
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* |
*0.1 [[hectare]]s |
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* |
*0.001 [[square kilometre]]s |
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* 0.1 [[hectare]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
=== |
===Imperial=== |
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* |
*10,763.9 [[square foot|square feet]] |
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* |
*0.247 105 38 [[acre]]s |
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| ⚫ | |||
* 0.247 104 39 [[acre|U.S. survey acre]]s; 1 acre ≈ 4.047 stremmata |
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* 0.000 386 102 [[square mile]]s ([[statute mile|statute]]) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[1 E3 m²]] for further comparisons |
*[[1 E3 m²]] for further comparisons |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Byzantine units]] |
* [[Byzantine units]] |
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*[[Conversion of units]] |
*[[Conversion of units]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Metric units]] |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:45, 19 December 2023
The stremma (pl. stremmata; Greek: στρέμμα, strémma) is unit of land area used mainly in Greece and Cyprus, equal to 1,000 square metres or approximately ¼ acre.
History
[edit]The ancient Greek equivalent was the square plethron, which served as the Greeks' form of the acre. It was originally defined as the area plowed by a team of oxen in a day[1] but was nominally standardized as the area enclosed by a square 100 Greek feet (pous) to a side. It was the size of a Greek wrestling square.
The Byzantine or Morean stremma continued to vary depending on the period and the quality of the land, but usually enclosed an area between 900–1,900 m2 (9,700–20,500 sq ft).[2] It was originally also known as the "plethron" but this was eventually replaced by "stremma", derived from the verb for "turning" the ground with a Byzantine plow.[3]
The Ottoman stremma, often called the Turkish stremma, is the Greek (and occasionally English) name for the dunam, which in turn is probably derived from the Byzantine unit.[4] Again, this varied by region: some values include 1,270 m2 (13,700 sq ft),[5] and 1,600 m2.[6]
Conversions
[edit]One modern stremma is equivalent to:
Metric
[edit]- 1,000 square metres
- 0.1 hectares
- 0.001 square kilometres
Imperial
[edit]- 10,763.9 square feet
- 0.247 105 38 acres
- 0.000 386 102 square miles
See also
[edit]- 1 E3 m² for further comparisons
- Byzantine units
- Conversion of units
- Greek units
- Metric units
Bibliography
[edit]- ^ Pryce, Frederick Norman; et al. (2012), "measures", The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 917, ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8.
- ^ Siriol Davis, "Pylos Regional Archaeological Project, Part VI: administration and settlement in Venetian Navarino", Hesperia, Winter, 2004 [1]
- ^ Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής (Dictionary of Modern Greek), Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1998. ISBN 960-231-085-5
- ^ V.L. Ménage, Review of Speros Vryonis, Jr. The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century, Berkeley, 1971; in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London) 36:3 (1973), pp. 659-661. at JSTOR (subscription required); see also Erich Schilbach, Byzantinische Metrologie.
- ^ The Dictionary of Modern Greek Λεξικό, 1998
- ^ Costas Lapavitsas, "Social and Economic Underpinning of Industrial Development: Evidence from Ottoman Macedonia" (PDF). Ηλεκτρονικό Δελτίο Οικονομικής Ιστορίας. Retrieved 2012-08-29.