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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 2368 Beltrovata
| background = #FFFFC0
| background = #FFC2E0
| apsis =
| image =
| name = 2368 Beltrovata
| symbol =
| image_size =
| image =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| caption =
| discovered = 4 September 1977
| discovery_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=(2368) Beltrovata = 1977 RA|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=2368|publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]]|accessdate=2015-06-04}}</ref>
| discoverer = [[Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)|Paul Wild]]
| discoverer = [[Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)|P. Wild]]
| discovery_site = [[Zimmerwald]]
| discovery_site = [[Zimmerwald Observatory|Zimmerwald Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (2368) Beltrovata
| discovered = 4 September 1977
| mp_name = 1977 RA
| alt_names = 1977 RA
| pronounced =
| alt_names = MPO 332838
| named_after = Betty Tendering<br />{{nowrap|{{small|(friend of [[Gottfried Keller]])}}<ref name="springer" />}}
| mp_category =
| mp_category = [[Near-Earth object|NEO]]{{·}}[[Amor asteroid|Amor]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-Beltrovata" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2368;cad=1 |title=2368 Beltrovata (1977 RA) |work=[[JPL Small-Body Database]] |publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref>
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| aphelion = {{Convert|2.976450589252589|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| uncertainty = 0
| perihelion = {{Convert|1.236340440517384|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| observation_arc = 38.65 yr (14,117 days)
| semimajor = {{Convert|2.106395514885|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| aphelion = 2.9751 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| eccentricity = 0.4130539911518510
| perihelion = 1.2356 AU
| period = 3.06 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1116.6 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| semimajor = 2.1054 AU
| avg_speed =
| eccentricity = 0.4131
| inclination = 5.224941001522188°
| period = 3.05 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,116 days)
| asc_node = 287.4475708879750°
| mean_anomaly = 206.2388665383900[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_anomaly = 39.633[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.3226|sup=ms}} / day
| arg_peri = 42.871918211593°
| inclination = 5.2222°
| satellites =
| asc_node = 287.34°
| dimensions =
| arg_peri = 43.081°
| mass =
| moid = 0.2334 AU{{·}}90.9 [[Lunar distance (astronomy)|LD]]
| density =
| dimensions = {{val|2.3}} km<ref name="jpldata" /><br />2.70 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|3.003|0.493}} km<ref name="WISE" />
| surface_grav =
| rotation = {{val|5.9}} h<ref name="Erikson-2000" /><ref name="Bowell-1977" />
| escape_velocity =
| albedo = {{val|0.161|0.081}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />0.27<ref name="jpldata" />
| sidereal_day =
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] = SQ&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[S-type asteroid|S]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] = 0.830<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] = 0.520<ref name="jpldata" />
| axial_tilt =
| abs_magnitude = 15.21<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" />{{·}}{{val|15.33|0.40}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
| pole_ecliptic_lat =
| pole_ecliptic_lon =
| albedo = 0.27
| temperatures=
| temp_name1 =
| mean_temp_1 =
| max_temp_1 =
| temp_name2 =
| max_temp_2 =
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 15.21
| observation_arc = 38.58 yr (14091 days)
| uncertainty = 0
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.32239937547388|sup=ms}} / day
| rotation = {{Convert|5.9|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| mean_radius = 1.15 [[Kilometre|km]]
| moid = {{Convert|0.232584|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|2.40567|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 3.624
}}
}}
'''2368 Beltrovata''' (or '''1977 RA''') is an [[Amor asteroid]] discovered on September 4, 1977 by [[Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)|Paul Wild]] at [[Zimmerwald]].


'''2368 Beltrovata''', provisional designation {{mp|1977 RA}}, is an eccentric stony [[asteroid]] and [[near-Earth object]] of the [[Amor asteroid|Amor group]], approximately 2.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 September 1977, by Swiss astronomer [[Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)|Paul Wild]] at [[Zimmerwald Observatory]] near Bern, Switzerland.<ref name="MPC-Beltrovata" /> The asteroid was named for Betty Tendering, a friend of author [[Gottfried Keller]].<ref name="springer" />
==References==

{{Reflist}}
== Orbit and classification ==

''Beltrovata'' orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 1.2–3.0&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 1 month (1,116 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.41 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

As an [[Amor asteroid]], it approaches the orbit of Earth from the outside but does not cross it. It has an Earth [[minimum orbit intersection distance]] of {{convert |0.2334 |AU |km |abbr=on |lk=off |sigfig=3}}, which corresponds to 90.9 [[Lunar distance (astronomy)|lunar distances]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The asteroid's [[observation arc]] begins with its official discovering observation at Zimmerwald.<ref name="MPC-Beltrovata" />

== Physical characteristics ==

In the [[Tholen classification]] ''Beltrovata'' is a SQ-type asteroid, an intermediate between the common [[S-type asteroid|S-type]] and [[Q-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="jpldata" />

=== Rotation period ===

A first rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Beltrovata'' was obtained from photoelectric observations made by U.S. astronomers [[Edward Bowell]] and [[Schelte Bus]] in the 1970s ({{small|IAUC 3111}}), and gave a [[rotation period]] of {{val|5.9}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.84 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=n.a.]]}}).<ref name="Bowell-1977" /> In 2000, the ''Near-Earth Objects Follow-up Program'' published an identical period but with a higher amplitude of 1.05 magnitude.({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Erikson-2000" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the space-based survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], the asteroid measures 3.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.16,<ref name="WISE" /> while the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 2.7 kilometers with an [[absolute magnitude]] of 15.21.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] is named "Beltrovata", which is the name by whom the Swiss author [[Gottfried Keller]] from Zürich called his friend Betty Tendering. She served as role model for the character of "Dortchen Schönfund" in Keller's novel ''[[Green Henry]]''.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 1 August 1981 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 6209}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2016-04-29 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2368 Beltrovata (1977 RA)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002368
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 13 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2368) Beltrovata
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 193
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2369 |chapter = (2368) Beltrovata }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Beltrovata">{{cite web
|title = 2368 Beltrovata (1977 RA)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2368
|accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (2368) Beltrovata
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2368%7CBeltrovata
|accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bowell-1977">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = S. J. |last1 = Bus
|first2 = T. |last2 = Lauer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Gibson
|first4 = H. L. |last4 = Giclas
|first5 = M. L. |last5 = Kantz
|first6 = E. |last6 = Bowell
|first7 = L. |last7 = Martin
|first8 = B. G. |last8 = Marsden
|date = September 1977
|title = 1977 RA
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1977IAUC.3111....2B
|journal = IAU Circ.
|volume = 3111 |issue = 3111
|pages = 2 |bibcode = 1977IAUC.3111....2B
|access-date= 1 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Erikson-2000">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Erikson
|first2 = S. |last2 = Mottola
|first3 = J. S. V. |last3 = Lagerros
|first4 = M. |last4 = Lindgren
|first5 = J. |last5 = Piironen
|first6 = T. |last6 = Oja
|first7 = G. |last7 = Hahn
|first8 = C.-I. |last8 = Lagerkvist
|first9 = A. W. |last9 = Harris
|first10 = A. |last10 = Nathues
|first11 = G. |last11 = Neukum
|date = October 2000
|title = The Near-Earth Objects Follow-up Program. III. 32 Lightcurves for 12 Objects from 1992 and 1995
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2000Icar..147..487E
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 147
|issue = 2
|pages = 487–497
|bibcode = 2000Icar..147..487E
|doi = 10.1006/icar.2000.6457
|access-date= 1 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 1 September 2016}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* {{NeoDys|2368}}
* {{ESA-SSA|2368|Beltrovata}}
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Minor planets navigator|2367 Praha|2369 Chekhov}}
{{Minor planets navigator |2367 Praha |number=2368 |2369 Chekhov}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:002368}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beltrovata}}
[[Category:Amor asteroids|002368]]
[[Category:Amor asteroids|002368]]
[[Category:Asteroids named for people|Beltrovata]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)|Beltrovata]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:SQ-type asteroids (Tholen)|002368]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1977|19770904]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1977|19770904]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|002368]]


{{NE-asteroid-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:43, 19 December 2023

2368 Beltrovata
Discovery [1]
Discovered byP. Wild
Discovery siteZimmerwald Obs.
Discovery date4 September 1977
Designations
(2368) Beltrovata
Named after
Betty Tendering
(friend of Gottfried Keller)[2]
1977 RA
NEO · Amor [1][3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc38.65 yr (14,117 days)
Aphelion2.9751 AU
Perihelion1.2356 AU
2.1054 AU
Eccentricity0.4131
3.05 yr (1,116 days)
39.633°
0° 19m 21.36s / day
Inclination5.2222°
287.34°
43.081°
Earth MOID0.2334 AU · 90.9 LD
Physical characteristics
Dimensions2.3 km[1]
2.70 km (calculated)[4]
3.003±0.493 km[5]
5.9 h[6][7]
0.161±0.081[5]
0.20 (assumed)[4]
0.27[1]
Tholen = SQ [1] · S [4]
B–V = 0.830[1]
U–B = 0.520[1]
15.21[1][4][5] · 15.33±0.40[8]

2368 Beltrovata, provisional designation 1977 RA, is an eccentric stony asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 2.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 September 1977, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland.[3] The asteroid was named for Betty Tendering, a friend of author Gottfried Keller.[2]

Orbit and classification

[edit]

Beltrovata orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.2–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 1 month (1,116 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.41 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

As an Amor asteroid, it approaches the orbit of Earth from the outside but does not cross it. It has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance of 0.2334 AU (34,900,000 km), which corresponds to 90.9 lunar distances.[1] The asteroid's observation arc begins with its official discovering observation at Zimmerwald.[3]

Physical characteristics

[edit]

In the Tholen classification Beltrovata is a SQ-type asteroid, an intermediate between the common S-type and Q-type asteroids.[1]

Rotation period

[edit]

A first rotational lightcurve of Beltrovata was obtained from photoelectric observations made by U.S. astronomers Edward Bowell and Schelte Bus in the 1970s (IAUC 3111), and gave a rotation period of 5.9 hours with a brightness variation of 0.84 magnitude (U=n.a.).[7] In 2000, the Near-Earth Objects Follow-up Program published an identical period but with a higher amplitude of 1.05 magnitude.(U=2).[6]

Diameter and albedo

[edit]

According to the space-based survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 3.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.16,[5] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 2.7 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 15.21.[4]

Naming

[edit]

This minor planet is named "Beltrovata", which is the name by whom the Swiss author Gottfried Keller from Zürich called his friend Betty Tendering. She served as role model for the character of "Dortchen Schönfund" in Keller's novel Green Henry.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1981 (M.P.C. 6209).[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2368 Beltrovata (1977 RA)" (2016-04-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2368) Beltrovata". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2368) Beltrovata. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 193. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2369. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c "2368 Beltrovata (1977 RA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e "LCDB Data for (2368) Beltrovata". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 35447010.
  6. ^ a b Erikson, A.; Mottola, S.; Lagerros, J. S. V.; Lindgren, M.; Piironen, J.; Oja, T.; et al. (October 2000). "The Near-Earth Objects Follow-up Program. III. 32 Lightcurves for 12 Objects from 1992 and 1995". Icarus. 147 (2): 487–497. Bibcode:2000Icar..147..487E. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6457. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  7. ^ a b Bus, S. J.; Lauer, T.; Gibson, J.; Giclas, H. L.; Kantz, M. L.; Bowell, E.; et al. (September 1977). "1977 RA". IAU Circ. 3111 (3111): 2. Bibcode:1977IAUC.3111....2B. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  8. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  9. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
[edit]
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