Gedung Setan: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Historic building in Surabaya, Indonesia}} |
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{{Infobox building |
{{Infobox building |
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| name = Devil's House |
| name = Devil's House |
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| alternate_names = |
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| status = |
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| image = |
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| landlord = |
| landlord = |
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| location = |
| location = |
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| address = |
| address = Banyu Urip Wetan I A No.107, RT.001/RW.06, Banyu Urip, Kec. Sawahan, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60254 |
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| location_town = [[Surabaya]] |
| location_town = [[Surabaya]] |
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| location_country = [[Indonesia]] |
| location_country = [[Indonesia]] |
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| coordinates = {{coord| |
| coordinates = {{coord|7.2758|S|112.7266|E|display=inline}} |
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| groundbreaking_date = 1809 |
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| start_date = 1809 |
| start_date = 1809 |
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| completion_date = 1815 |
| completion_date = 1815 |
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| seating_capacity = |
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| main_contractor = |
| main_contractor = |
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| architect = |
| architect = J.A. Middelkoop |
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| architecture_firm = |
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'''Gedung Setan''' (also known as ''Spookhius'') is a heritage building that provided Chinese families with a place of safety during [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66|Indonesian mass killings]] of |
'''Gedung Setan''' (also known as ''Spookhius'') is a heritage building that provided Chinese families with a place of safety during [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66|Indonesian mass killings]] of ethnic Chinese in 1965 and 1966. This building played an important role in the lives of many Chinese descendants (''Tionghoa'') in [[Surabaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/7xndbq/bertemu-penghuni-gedung-setan-surabaya-monumen-trauma-etnis-tionghoa-di-masa-lalu|title=Bertemu Penghuni Gedung Setan Surabaya: Monumen Trauma Etnis Tionghoa di Masa Lalu|last=Surya|first=Ivan Darski,Reno|date=2019-03-02|website=Vice|language=id|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Devil's House was built in 1809, instituted by the [[Dutch East India Company]]. This building was a governor office for ''[[Dutch East India Company|Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie]]'' (VOC). |
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It was built-in 1809, The Devil’s House was instituted by the [[Dutch East India Company]], which once governed [[Indonesia]]. The building was bought by a Chinese doctor and a businessman in 1945 intending to open a funeral home for the Chinese families. In 1948, The [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] battled against the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], which threatened the Chinese families at that time, as a result, they decided to transform this building into a refugee shelter for the Chinese in [[Madiun|Madi]]. After the event of [[30 September Movement|G30SPKI]], as [[Suharto|Soharto]] lead the [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]], the [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese-Indonesians]] were at risk of being suspected to be an ally of the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]]. Again, another group of immigrants found shelter at the Devil’s House. The fact that the majority of Chinese Surabayans were supporters of [[Sukarno|Soekarno]] made the situation even more complicated as some were captured as targets. The name of the building itself, ''Gedung Setan'' or Devil’s House, was generated by the people due to the poor situation that made the Chinese become isolated from education and the Chinese language itself. They were smuggled in the darkness and taken from the regimes they sought a haven from. |
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<br /> |
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This building was a governor's office for [[Dutch East India Company|''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie'']] (VOC) during the [[Dutch East Indies|occupation of Dutch]] in Indonesia. Most of the buildings were built by Dutch architects and they had thick walls. The ''Gedung Setan's'' wall has a thickness of almost 50 centimeters. Also, there are several floors with chambers on each that were used for offices. 40 chambers nowadays are used for residents to live in. Each room has its size around 18 m2. The blueprint for this building is still missing. So, there is a lack of resources about this building both from the Indonesian and Dutch governments restrains further research about the [[architecture]] of this building.[[File:Gedung Setan.webp|thumb|The outer appearance of Devil's House (a.k.a. ''Gedung Setan'') in Surabaya.|alt=|none|216x216px]] |
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==Current situation== |
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Nowadays, different [[Ethnic group|ethnic groups]] live inside this building, but the majority are of Indonesian Chinese-descent. The building manager (Sutikno Djijanto) confirms inter-cultural marriage between ''[[Tionghoa]],''Maduranese, [[Javanese people|Javanese]], and several other ethnic groups was the predominant reason for this trend. There are around 53 [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese-Indonesians]] families that are still living in Gedung Setan. Although the situation is relatively safe for them to live within the society, they still choose to live in Gedung Setan. They want to fulfill the mandate from the owner of this building, Dr. Teng Khoen Gwan, to protect the building. However, it has been challenging for them to act upon the mandate due to the location of the building in a strategic market place. Many have attempted to claim the ownership of the building to change it into a market place. However, with the help of the surrounding communities, Gedung Setan residents can confront and refute illegal claims regarding the ownership of the building. |
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== Life in the Devil's House == |
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| ⚫ | The building is available for public use of residents. |
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A Chinese doctor and businessman bought the building in 1945 with the intention of opening a Chinese funeral home. |
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In 1948, The [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] battled the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], which threatened Chinese families at that time. They decided to transform this building into a refugee shelter for the Chinese in [[Madiun]]. |
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After the [[30 September Movement]], as [[Suharto]] led the [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]], [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese-Indonesians]] were suspected of allying themselves with the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]]. Another generation of immigrants found shelter at the Devil's House. The majority of Chinese Surabayans were supporters of [[Sukarno]], complicating the situation, as some were captured as targets. |
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The name of the building, ''Gedung Setan'' (Devil's House), was generated by the people due to the poor situation that made the Chinese become isolated from education and the Chinese language itself. They were smuggled in the darkness, veiled from the regimes they sought a haven from.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_asia/article/7xndbq/devil-house-chinese-indonesian-history-surabaya|title=Welcome to 'Devil's House,' Home to One of Indonesia's Most Persecuted Communities|last=Surya|first=Ivan Darski,Reno|date=2019-03-04|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Graham |first=Duncan |title=Surabaya's Ghost House |publisher=Latitudes|date=November 7, 2010|url=https://latitudes.nu/surabaya’s-ghost-house/|accessdate=November 11, 2019}}</ref>{{Clarify|reason=What did the devil have to do with it?|date=March 2020}} |
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In the twenty-first century the majority of residents are of Chinese descent. Marriage between ''[[Tionghoa]],'' [[Madurese people|Madurese]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]], and several other ethnic groups enabled this trend. Around 53 [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese-Indonesians]] families live in Gedung Setan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jawapos.com/metro/metropolis/23/03/2017/sejarah-gedung-setan-surabaya-berawal-dari-kerusuhan-rasial/|title=Sejarah Gedung Setan Surabaya: Berawal dari Kerusuhan Rasial|last=JawaPos.com|date=2017-03-23|website=JawaPos.com|language=id|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> They want to protect the building as desired by building owner Dr. Teng Khoen Gwan. The building sits in what evolved to become a desirable market. Many unsuccessfully attempted to claim ownership with the intention of changing it into a marketplace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ngopibareng.id/timeline/siap-perang-jika-ada-pihak-yang-mau-merebut-gedung-setan-4937570|title=Siap Perang Jika Ada Pihak Yang Mau Merebut Gedung Setan|last=Witanto|website=Ngopibareng.id|language=en|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> |
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Most of the buildings built by Dutch architects had thick walls, explaining ''Gedung Setan's'' wall thickness of almost {{convert|50|cm}}. Several floors have chambers used for offices. Forty chambers are used as residences. Each room covers around {{cvt|18|m2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/beritaanaksurabaya/kisah-anak-anak-penghuni-gedung-setan-surabaya-1qzefA4zVIg|title=Kisah Anak-anak Penghuni 'Gedung Setan' Surabaya|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> |
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The blueprint for this building cannot be found. Lack of resources about this building both from Indonesian and Dutch government restrains further research about the [[architecture]] of this building. |
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== Culture == |
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| ⚫ | The building is available for public use of residents.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jawapos.com/metro/metropolis/23/03/2017/sejarah-gedung-setan-surabaya-berawal-dari-kerusuhan-rasial/|title=Sejarah Gedung Setan Surabaya: Berawal dari Kerusuhan Rasial|last=JawaPos.com|date=2017-03-23|website=JawaPos.com|language=id|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref> [[Chinese New Year]] is celebrated by the residents who decorate the hallways and their flats. Church members visit this building to do charity and thanksgiving events.<ref name="auto"/> |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery mode=packed heights=160> |
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File:Gedung Setan.webp|The outer appearance of Devil's House |
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File:Public Entry Way.jpg|Public entry way |
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</gallery> |
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<br /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Surabaya]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Surabaya]] |
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[[Category:New Order (Indonesia)]] |
[[Category:New Order (Indonesia)]] |
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[[Category:Colonial architecture in Indonesia]] |
[[Category:Colonial architecture in Indonesia]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:07, 26 December 2023
| Devil's House | |
|---|---|
Gedung Setan | |
  Location in Surabaya | |
| General information | |
| Address | Banyu Urip Wetan I A No.107, RT.001/RW.06, Banyu Urip, Kec. Sawahan, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60254 |
| Town or city | Surabaya |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Coordinates | 7°16′33″S 112°43′36″E / 7.2758°S 112.7266°E |
| Construction started | 1809 |
| Completed | 1815 |
| Opened | 1945 |
| Owner | Teng Khoen Gwan |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 5 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | J.A. Middelkoop |
Gedung Setan (also known as Spookhius) is a heritage building that provided Chinese families with a place of safety during Indonesian mass killings of ethnic Chinese in 1965 and 1966. This building played an important role in the lives of many Chinese descendants (Tionghoa) in Surabaya.[1]
History[edit]
The Devil's House was built in 1809, instituted by the Dutch East India Company. This building was a governor office for Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC).
A Chinese doctor and businessman bought the building in 1945 with the intention of opening a Chinese funeral home.
In 1948, The Indonesian National Armed Forces battled the Communist Party of Indonesia, which threatened Chinese families at that time. They decided to transform this building into a refugee shelter for the Chinese in Madiun.
After the 30 September Movement, as Suharto led the New Order, Chinese-Indonesians were suspected of allying themselves with the Chinese Communist Party. Another generation of immigrants found shelter at the Devil's House. The majority of Chinese Surabayans were supporters of Sukarno, complicating the situation, as some were captured as targets.
The name of the building, Gedung Setan (Devil's House), was generated by the people due to the poor situation that made the Chinese become isolated from education and the Chinese language itself. They were smuggled in the darkness, veiled from the regimes they sought a haven from.[2][3][clarification needed]
In the twenty-first century the majority of residents are of Chinese descent. Marriage between Tionghoa, Madurese, Javanese, and several other ethnic groups enabled this trend. Around 53 Chinese-Indonesians families live in Gedung Setan.[4] They want to protect the building as desired by building owner Dr. Teng Khoen Gwan. The building sits in what evolved to become a desirable market. Many unsuccessfully attempted to claim ownership with the intention of changing it into a marketplace.[5]
Architecture[edit]
Most of the buildings built by Dutch architects had thick walls, explaining Gedung Setan's wall thickness of almost 50 centimetres (20 in). Several floors have chambers used for offices. Forty chambers are used as residences. Each room covers around 18 m2 (190 sq ft).[6]
The blueprint for this building cannot be found. Lack of resources about this building both from Indonesian and Dutch government restrains further research about the architecture of this building.
Culture[edit]
The building is available for public use of residents.[7] Chinese New Year is celebrated by the residents who decorate the hallways and their flats. Church members visit this building to do charity and thanksgiving events.[7]
Gallery[edit]
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Daily activity of a resident -
The outer appearance of Devil's House -
Public entry way
References[edit]
- ^ Surya, Ivan Darski,Reno (2019-03-02). "Bertemu Penghuni Gedung Setan Surabaya: Monumen Trauma Etnis Tionghoa di Masa Lalu". Vice (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-11-22.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Surya, Ivan Darski,Reno (2019-03-04). "Welcome to 'Devil's House,' Home to One of Indonesia's Most Persecuted Communities". Vice. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Graham, Duncan (November 7, 2010). "Surabaya's Ghost House". Latitudes. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
- ^ JawaPos.com (2017-03-23). "Sejarah Gedung Setan Surabaya: Berawal dari Kerusuhan Rasial". JawaPos.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-11-19.
- ^ Witanto. "Siap Perang Jika Ada Pihak Yang Mau Merebut Gedung Setan". Ngopibareng.id. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
- ^ "Kisah Anak-anak Penghuni 'Gedung Setan' Surabaya". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-11-19.
- ^ a b JawaPos.com (2017-03-23). "Sejarah Gedung Setan Surabaya: Berawal dari Kerusuhan Rasial". JawaPos.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-11-22.