Basilica of Maxentius: Difference between revisions

Basilica of Maxentius
	Remains of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine. The building's northern aisle is all that remains.
	Basilica of Maxentius Shown within Augustan Rome
	Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Standort	Regio IV Templum Pacis
Coordinates	41°53′31″N 12°29′18″E / 41.89194°N 12.48833°E
Typ	Basilica
History
Builder	Maxentius, Constantine I
Gegründet	AD 312

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The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Italian: Basilica di Massenzio), sometimes known as the Basilica Nova—meaning "new basilica"—or Basilica of Maxentius, is an ancient building in the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. It was the largest building in the Forum, and the last Roman basilica built in the city.^[1]

History

In ancient Rome, a basilica was a rectangular building with a large central open space, and often a raised apse at the far end from the entrance. Basilicas served a variety of functions, including a combination of a court-house, council chamber and meeting hall. There might be, however, numerous statues of the gods displayed in niches set into the walls. Under Constantine and his successors this type of building was chosen as the basis for the design of the larger places of Christian worship, presumably as the basilica form had fewer pagan associations than those of the designs of traditional Greco-Roman temples,^[2] and allowed large congregations. As a result of the building programmes of the Christian Roman emperors the term basilica later became largely synonymous with a large church or cathedral.

Construction began on the northern side of the forum under the emperor Maxentius in 308 AD, and was completed in 312 by Constantine I after his defeat of Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.^[3] The building rose on the north side of the Via Sacra,^[1] close to the Temple of Peace, at that time probably neglected, and the Temple of Venus and Rome, whose reconstruction was part of Maxentius' interventions.

During the 6th century, the building was called "templum Romae".^[1]

Architecture

The colour of the building before it was destroyed was white. The basilica stood on a 100-by-65-metre (328 ft × 213 ft) concrete and rectangular platform. The thickness of the platform is not known/communicated.^[4] The central nave was 80 metres (260 ft) long, 25 metres (82 ft) wide, 35 metres (115 ft) high, with side aisles 16 metres (52 ft) wide and 24.5 metres (80 ft) high. Eight massive marble columns 14.5 metres (48 ft) high and 5.4 metres (18 ft) in circumference stood at the corners of the nave. They were all destroyed except one that was removed by Paul V in 1613 to the Santa Maria Maggiore where it still stands.^[1]

The building consisted of a central nave covered by three groin vaults suspended 39 metres (128 ft) above the floor on four large piers, ending in an apse at the western end containing a colossal statue of Constantine (remnants of which are now in a courtyard of the Palazzo dei Conservatori of the Musei Capitolini). The lateral forces of the groin vaults were held by flanking aisles measuring 23 by 17 metres (75 ft × 56 ft).^{[citation needed]} The aisles were spanned by three semi-circular barrel vaults perpendicular to the nave, and narrow arcades ran parallel to the nave beneath the barrel vaults. The nave itself measured 25 by 80 metres (82 ft × 262 ft) creating a 2,000-square-metre (22,000 sq ft) floor.^{[citation needed]} Like the great imperial baths, the basilica made use of vast interior space with its emotional effect. Running the length of the eastern face of the building was a projecting arcade. On the south face was a projecting (prostyle) porch with four columns (tetrastyle).

The south and central sections were probably destroyed by the earthquake of 847.^[6]^[1] In 1349 the vault of the nave collapsed in another earthquake. The only one of the eight 20-metre (66 ft) high columns that survived the earthquake was brought by Pope Paul V to Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore in 1614. All that remains of the basilica today is the north aisle with its three concrete barrel vaults.^[3] The ceilings of the barrel vaults show advanced weight-saving structural skill with octagonal ceiling coffers.

On the outside wall of the basilica, facing onto the via dei Fori Imperiali, are contemporary maps showing the various stages of the rise of the Roman Empire which were added during the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini. A map depicting Mussolini's "New Roman Empire" was removed from the wall after the war. The wrestling events were held here during the 1960 Summer Olympic Games.

Technik

The basilica Maxentius took aspects from Roman baths as well as typical Roman basilicas. At that time, it used the most advanced engineering techniques known including innovations taken from the Markets of Trajan and the Baths of Diocletian.

Similar to many basilicas at the time such as the Basilica Ulpia, the Basilica of Maxentius featured a huge open space in the central nave. However, instead of having columns support the ceiling like other basilicas, it was built using arches, a much more common appearance in Roman baths than basilicas. Another difference from traditional basilicas is the roof of the structure. While the former were built with a flat roof, the Basilica of Maxentius featured a folded roof, decreasing the overall weight of the structure and decreasing the horizontal forces exerted on the outer arches.^[7]

Legacy

The artist Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778) drew many etchings of the basilica.^[8]

The building became an inspiration for many buildings built afterwards, including New York City's former Penn Station.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Samuel Ball Platner, Basilica Constantini, Uchicago.edu, 1929
^ Fazio, Michael; et al. (2009). Buildings across time : an introduction to world architecture (3rd ed.). Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 134. ISBN 978-0073053042.
^ ^a ^b Roth, Leland M. (1993). Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning (First ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. 30, 222. ISBN 0-06-430158-3.
^ Basilica of Maxentius/Constantine, Mmdtkw.org
^ Glory After the Fall: Images of Ruins in 18th- and 19th-Century British Art. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine The Huntington. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
^ René Seindal "Basilica of Maxentius - the last and largest basilica in the Roman Forum" Archived 2016-10-21 at the Wayback Machine, Photo Archive, 2003-08-06, accessed November 7, 2010.
^ Giavarini, Carlo, The Basilica of Maxentius: the Monument, its Materials, Construction, and Stability, Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2005.
^ Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Piranesi, Wellesley.edu
^ Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Architecture, Wellesley.edu

Sources

1960 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. pp. 76, 79.
The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire, Henri Stierlin, TASCHEN, 2002, Edited by Silvia Kinkle, Cologne, ISBN 3-8228-1778-3

External links

Library resources about
Basilica of Maxentius

A reconstruction at the Plan de Rome Archived 2009-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Basilica of Maxentius | Art Atlas
Weitzmann, Kurt, ed., Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century, no. 103, 1979, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, ISBN 9780870991790; full text available online from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012). The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City. Interlink. ISBN 9781623710088.

Media related to Basilica of Maxentius at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by Basilica of Junius Bassus	Landmarks of Rome Basilica of Maxentius	Succeeded by Basilica of Neptune

[uchicago_constantini-1] Samuel Ball Platner, Basilica Constantini, Uchicago.edu, 1929

[Fazio-2] Fazio, Michael; et al. (2009). Buildings across time : an introduction to world architecture (3rd ed.). Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 134. ISBN 978-0073053042.

[roth-3] Roth, Leland M. (1993). Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning (First ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. 30, 222. ISBN 0-06-430158-3.

[4] Basilica of Maxentius/Constantine, Mmdtkw.org

[5] Glory After the Fall: Images of Ruins in 18th- and 19th-Century British Art. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine The Huntington. Retrieved 12 July 2015.

[6] René Seindal "Basilica of Maxentius - the last and largest basilica in the Roman Forum" Archived 2016-10-21 at the Wayback Machine, Photo Archive, 2003-08-06, accessed November 7, 2010.

[7] Giavarini, Carlo, The Basilica of Maxentius: the Monument, its Materials, Construction, and Stability, Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2005.

[8] Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Piranesi, Wellesley.edu

[9] Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Architecture, Wellesley.edu

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Ancient building in the Roman Forum, Rome}}
-{{coord|41.891775|N|12.488446|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
+{{infobox ancient site
-{{Ancient monuments in Rome
 |name=Basilica of Maxentius
+|image=File:Largest Arches 02.jpg
-|label_name=Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
-|image_name=Basilica of Maxentius.JPG
 |caption=Remains of the [[Basilica]] of Maxentius and Constantine. The building's northern aisle is all that remains.
+|location=''[[Regio IV Templum Pacis]]''
-|coordinates = {{coord|41.891775|||N|12.488446|||E|type:landmark_region:IT|display=inline}}
+|built=AD 312
-|location=[[14 regions of Augustan Rome|Regione VIII ''Forum Romanum'']]
-|date=312 AD
 |builder=[[Maxentius]], [[Constantine I]]
 |type=[[Basilica]]
+|coordinates={{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
+|map_dot_label=Basilica of Maxentius
+|map_label_position=bottom
+|map_type=Italy Rome Antiquity
+|map_overlay=Roma Plan.jpg
+|map_caption=Shown within Augustan Rome
+|map_size=270
+|image_size=270
+|mapframe-frame-width=270
+|mapframe=yes
+|mapframe-caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view
+|mapframe-zoom=12
+|mapframe-marker=monument
+|mapframe-wikidata=yes
 }}
+The '''Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine''' ({{lang-it|Basilica di Massenzio}}), sometimes known as the '''Basilica Nova'''—meaning "new [[basilica]]"—or '''Basilica of Maxentius''', is an ancient  building in the [[Roman Forum]], Rome, Italy. It was the largest building in the Forum, and the last Roman basilica built in the city.<ref name="uchicago constantini">Samuel Ball Platner, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Basilica_Constantini.html Basilica Constantini], ''Uchicago.edu'', 1929</ref>
-[[File:Plan Rome - Basilica Nova.png|thumb|right|400px|Location of the basilica in the [[Roman Forum]].]]
-The '''Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine''' ({{lang-it|Basilica di Massenzio}}), sometimes known as the '''Basilica Nova'''—meaning "new [[basilica]]"—or '''Basilica of Maxentius''', is an ancient  building in the [[Roman Forum]], Rome, Italy. It was the largest building in the Forum, and the last roman basilica built in the city.<ref name="uchicago constantini">[Samuel Ball Platner, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Basilica_Constantini.html Basilica Constantini], ''Uchicago.edu'', 1929</ref>
 ==History==
-In [[ancient Rome]], a basilica was a rectangular building with a large central open space, and often a raised [[apse]] at the far end from the entrance. Basilicas served a variety of functions, including a combination of a court-house, council chamber and meeting hall. There might be, however, numerous statues of the gods displayed in [[niche (architecture)|niche]]s set into the walls.  Under Constantine and his successors this type of building was chosen as the basis for the design of the larger places of Christian worship, presumably as the basilica form had fewer pagan associations than those of the designs of traditional Greco-Roman temples,<ref name="Fazio">{{cite book|last=Fazio|first=Michael|title=Buildings across time : an introduction to world architecture|year=2009|publisher=McGraw-Hill Higher Education|location=Boston, Mass.|isbn=007305304X|pages=134|edition=3rd|display-authors=etal}}</ref> and allowed large congregations.  As a result of the building programmes of the Christian Roman emperors the term basilica later became largely synonymous with a large church or cathedral.
+In [[ancient Rome]], a [[basilica]] was a rectangular building with a large central open space, and often a raised [[apse]] at the far end from the entrance. Basilicas served a variety of functions, including a combination of a court-house, council chamber and meeting hall. There might be, however, numerous statues of the gods displayed in [[niche (architecture)|niche]]s set into the walls.  Under Constantine and his successors this type of building was chosen as the basis for the design of the larger places of Christian worship, presumably as the basilica form had fewer pagan associations than those of the designs of traditional Greco-Roman temples,<ref name="Fazio">{{cite book|last=Fazio|first=Michael|title=Buildings across time : an introduction to world architecture|year=2009|publisher=McGraw-Hill Higher Education|location=Boston, Mass.|isbn=978-0073053042|pages=134|edition=3rd|display-authors=etal}}</ref> and allowed large congregations.  As a result of the building programmes of the Christian Roman emperors the term basilica later became largely synonymous with a large church or cathedral.
+[[File:Plan Rome - Basilica Nova.png|thumb |Location of the basilica in the [[Roman Forum]].|alt=]]
+[[Image:Dehio 6 Basilica of Maxentius Floor plan.jpg |thumb |Reconstruction of the plan.|alt=]]
-Construction began on the northern side of the forum under the emperor [[Maxentius]] in 308 AD, and was completed in 312 by [[Constantine I]] after his defeat of Maxentius at the [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge]].<ref name="roth">{{cite book | first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition=First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 | pages=30, 222}}</ref> The building rose on the north side of the [[Via Sacra]],<ref name="uchicago constantini"/> close to the [[Temple of Peace, Rome|Temple of Peace]], at that time probably neglected, and the [[Temple of Venus and Rome]], whose reconstruction was part of Maxentius' interventions.
+Construction began on the northern side of the forum under the emperor [[Maxentius]] in 308 AD, and was completed in 312 by [[Constantine I]] after his defeat of Maxentius at the [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge]].<ref name="roth">{{cite book | first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition=First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/understandingarc00roth/page/30 30, 222] | url=https://archive.org/details/understandingarc00roth/page/30 }}</ref> The building rose on the north side of the [[Via Sacra]],<ref name="uchicago constantini"/> close to the [[Temple of Peace, Rome|Temple of Peace]], at that time probably neglected, and the [[Temple of Venus and Rome]], whose reconstruction was part of Maxentius' interventions.
 During the 6th century, the building was called "templum Romae".<ref name="uchicago constantini"/>
+==Architecture==
-[[Image:Dehio 6 Basilica of Maxentius Floor plan.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Reconstruction of the plan.]]
-The colour of the building before it was destroyed was white. The basilica stood on a 100x65 meters concrete and rectangular platform. The thickness of the platform is not knwon/communicated.<ref>[http://www.mmdtkw.org/VBasCons.html Basilica of Maxentius/Constantine], ''Mmdtkw.org''</ref> The central nave was 80 meters long, 25 meters wide, 35 meters high, with side aisles 16 metres wide and 24.50 meters high. 8 massive marble columns (14,5 meters high, 5,4 meters circumference) stood at the corners of the nave. They were all destroyed except one that was removed by [[Paul V]] in 1613 to the [[Santa Maria Maggiore]] where it still stands.<ref name="uchicago constantini"/>
+The colour of the building before it was destroyed was white. The basilica stood on a {{convert|100|x|65|m|adj=on}} concrete and rectangular platform. The thickness of the platform is not known/communicated.<ref>[http://www.mmdtkw.org/VBasCons.html Basilica of Maxentius/Constantine], ''Mmdtkw.org''</ref> The central nave was {{convert|80|m}} long, {{convert|25|m}} wide, {{convert|35|m}} high, with side aisles {{convert|16|m}} wide and {{convert|24.5|m}} high. Eight massive marble columns {{convert|14.5|m}} high and {{convert|5.4|m}} in circumference stood at the corners of the nave. They were all destroyed except one that was removed by [[Paul V]] in 1613 to the [[Santa Maria Maggiore]] where it still stands.<ref name="uchicago constantini"/>
-The building consisted of a central [[nave]] covered by three [[groin vault]]s suspended 39 meters above the floor on four large [[Pier (architecture)|piers]], ending in an [[apse]] at the western end containing a [[Colossus of Constantine|colossal statue of Constantine]] (remnants of which are now in a courtyard of the [[Palazzo dei Conservatori]] of the [[Musei Capitolini]]). The lateral forces of the groin vaults were held by flanking [[aisle]]s measuring 23 by 17 metres (75 x 56 feet). The aisles were spanned by three semi-circular barrel vaults perpendicular to the nave, and narrow [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]] ran parallel to the nave beneath the barrel vaults. The nave itself measured 25 metres by 80 metres (83 x 265 feet) creating a 2000 square meter floor. Like the [[Thermae|great imperial baths]], the basilica made use of vast interior space with its emotional effect. Running the length of the eastern face of the building was a projecting [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]]. On the south face was a projecting (''[[prostyle]]'') porch with four columns (''[[tetrastyle]]'').
+The building consisted of a central [[nave]] covered by three [[groin vault]]s suspended {{convert|39|m}} above the floor on four large [[Pier (architecture)|piers]], ending in an [[apse]] at the western end containing a [[Colossus of Constantine|colossal statue of Constantine]] (remnants of which are now in a courtyard of the [[Palazzo dei Conservatori]] of the [[Musei Capitolini]]). The lateral forces of the groin vaults were held by flanking [[aisle]]s measuring {{convert|23|x|17|m}}.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} The aisles were spanned by three semi-circular barrel vaults perpendicular to the nave, and narrow [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]] ran parallel to the nave beneath the barrel vaults. The nave itself measured {{convert|25|x|80|m}} creating a {{convert|2000|sqm|adj=on}} floor.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} Like the [[Thermae|great imperial baths]], the basilica made use of vast interior space with its emotional effect. Running the length of the eastern face of the building was a projecting [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]]. On the south face was a projecting (''[[prostyle]]'') porch with four columns (''[[tetrastyle]]'').
-[[File:John Goldicutt View in Rome 1820.jpg|thumbnail|John Goldicutt, ''View in Rome'', 1820. Watercolor over pencil. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, Gilbert Davis Collection.<ref>[http://www.huntington.org/WebAssets/Templates/exhibitiondetail.aspx?id=18950 Glory After the Fall: Images of Ruins in 18th- and 19th-Century British Art.] The Huntington. Retrieved 12 July 2015.</ref>]]
+[[File:John Goldicutt View in Rome 1820.jpg|thumbnail|upright |John Goldicutt, ''View in Rome'', 1820. Watercolor over pencil. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, Gilbert Davis Collection.<ref>[http://www.huntington.org/WebAssets/Templates/exhibitiondetail.aspx?id=18950 Glory After the Fall: Images of Ruins in 18th- and 19th-Century British Art.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190747/http://www.huntington.org/WebAssets/Templates/exhibitiondetail.aspx?id=18950 |date=2016-03-04 }} The Huntington. Retrieved 12 July 2015.</ref>]]
-The south and central sections were probably destroyed by the earthquake of 847.<ref>René Seindal [http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/177_Basilica_of_Maxentius.html "Basilica of Maxentius - the last and largest basilica in the Roman Forum"], ''Photo Archive'', 2003-08-06, accessed November 7, 2010.</ref><ref name="uchicago constantini"/> In 1349 the vault of the nave collapsed in another earthquake. The only one of the eight 20-meter-high columns that survived the earthquake was brought by [[Pope Paul V]] to Piazza [[Santa Maria Maggiore]] in 1614. All that remains of the basilica today is the north aisle with its three concrete barrel vaults.<ref name="roth" /> The ceilings of the barrel vaults show advanced weight-saving structural skill with octagonal ceiling [[coffer]]s.
+The south and central sections were probably destroyed by the earthquake of 847.<ref>René Seindal [http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/177_Basilica_of_Maxentius.html "Basilica of Maxentius - the last and largest basilica in the Roman Forum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021075132/http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/177_Basilica_of_Maxentius.html |date=2016-10-21 }}, ''Photo Archive'', 2003-08-06, accessed November 7, 2010.</ref><ref name="uchicago constantini"/> In 1349 the vault of the nave collapsed in [[1349 Apennine earthquakes|another earthquake]]. The only one of the eight {{convert|20|m|adj=on}} high columns that survived the earthquake was brought by [[Pope Paul V]] to Piazza [[Santa Maria Maggiore]] in 1614. All that remains of the basilica today is the north aisle with its three concrete barrel vaults.<ref name="roth" /> The ceilings of the barrel vaults show advanced weight-saving structural skill with octagonal ceiling [[coffer]]s.
-[[Image:Basilica di Massenzio e Costantino 09feb08 05.jpg|thumb|left|Detail of the coffered vaults of concrete]]
 On the outside wall of the basilica, facing onto the [[via dei Fori Imperiali]], are contemporary maps showing the various stages of the rise of the Roman Empire which were added during the [[Italian Fascism|Fascist regime]] of [[Benito Mussolini]]. A map depicting Mussolini's "[[New Roman Empire]]" was removed from the wall after the war. The [[Wrestling at the 1960 Summer Olympics|wrestling]] events were held here during the [[1960 Summer Olympic Games]].
 ==Engineering==
+[[Image:Basilica di Massenzio e Costantino 09feb08 05.jpg|thumb|Detail of the coffered vaults of concrete]]
+[[File:Basilica Maxentius Constantine Rome.jpg|thumb|Triple windows seen from the [[Via dei Fori Imperiali]]]]
 The basilica Maxentius  took  aspects from Roman baths as well as typical Roman basilicas.  At that time, it used the most advanced engineering techniques known including innovations taken from the [[Markets of Trajan]] and the [[Baths of Diocletian]].
-Similar to many basilicas at the time such as the [[Basilica Ulpia]], the Basilica of Maxentius featured a huge open space in the central nave. However, instead of having columns support the ceiling like other basilicas, it was built using arches, a much more common appearance in Roman baths than basilicas.  Another difference from traditional basilicas is the roof of the structure.  While the former were built with a flat roof, the Basilica of Maxentius featured a folded roof, decreasing the overall weight of the structure and decreasing the horizontal forces exerted on the outer arches.<ref>Giavarini, Carlo, ''The Basilica of Maxentius: the Monument, its Materials , Construction, and Stability'', Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2005.</ref>
+Similar to many basilicas at the time such as the [[Basilica Ulpia]], the Basilica of Maxentius featured a huge open space in the central nave. However, instead of having columns support the ceiling like other basilicas, it was built using arches, a much more common appearance in Roman baths than basilicas.  Another difference from traditional basilicas is the roof of the structure.  While the former were built with a flat roof, the Basilica of Maxentius featured a folded roof, decreasing the overall weight of the structure and decreasing the horizontal forces exerted on the outer arches.<ref>Giavarini, Carlo, ''The Basilica of Maxentius: the Monument, its Materials, Construction, and Stability'', Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2005.</ref>
+[[File:Column of Peace (Rome).jpg|thumb|upright |Column from the interior of the basilica, now the free-standing ''Colonna della Pace'', outside [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]]]
-==Legacy==
+== Legacy ==
-The artist [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]] (1720-1778) drew many etchings of the basilica.<ref>[http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/exhibits/show/basilica-of-maxentius-and-cons/piranesi Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Piranesi], ''Wellesley.edu''</ref>
+The artist [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]] (1720–1778) drew many etchings of the basilica.<ref>[http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/exhibits/show/basilica-of-maxentius-and-cons/piranesi Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Piranesi], ''Wellesley.edu''</ref>
 The building became an inspiration for many buildings built afterwards, including New York City's former [[Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)|Penn Station]].<ref>[http://omeka.wellesley.edu/piranesi-rome/exhibits/show/basilica-of-maxentius-and-cons/architecture Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: Architecture], ''Wellesley.edu''</ref>
-The basilica appears in the video game ''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''.<ref>[https://assassinscreed.fandom.com/wiki/Basilica_of_Maxentius Basilica of Maxentius], ''Fandom.com''</ref>
 ==See also==
 *[[Colossus of Constantine]], originally situated in the west apse of the Basilica.
+*[[List of monuments of the Roman Forum]]
 ==References ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==Sources==
@@ Line 57: / Line 69: @@
 * ''The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire'', Henri Stierlin, [[Taschen|TASCHEN, 2002]], Edited by Silvia Kinkle, Cologne, {{ISBN|3-8228-1778-3}}
-==Further reading==
+==External links==
+{{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=yes|others=yes|about=yes|label=Basilica of Maxentius|viaf=|lccn=|lcheading=|wikititle=}}
-*[[Kurt Weitzmann|Weitzmann, Kurt]], ed., ''[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533 Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century]'', no. 103, 1979, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York, {{ISBN|9780870991790}}; full text available online from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
+* [http://www.unicaen.fr/services/cireve/rome/pdr_virtuel.php?numero_image=0&virtuel=maxence A reconstruction at the ''Plan de Rome''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316010802/http://www.unicaen.fr/services/cireve/rome/pdr_virtuel.php?numero_image=0&virtuel=maxence |date=2009-03-16 }}
-==External links==
-* {{Commons-inline|Basilica of Maxentius}}
-* [http://www.unicaen.fr/services/cireve/rome/pdr_virtuel.php?numero_image=0&virtuel=maxence A reconstruction at the ''Plan de Rome'']
 *High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of [https://mcid.mcah.columbia.edu/art-atlas/ancient-and-early-christian-sites-rome-panoramas-world-architecture/basilica-nova Basilica of Maxentius | Art Atlas]
+*[[Kurt Weitzmann|Weitzmann, Kurt]], ed., ''[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533 Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century]'', no. 103, 1979, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York, {{ISBN|9780870991790}}; full text available online from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
+*{{cite book |first=M. |last=Lucentini |title=The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City|date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Interlink |isbn=9781623710088 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laMDAQAAQBAJ}}
+{{commons-inline}}
+{{Sequence
+| prev = [[Basilica of Junius Bassus]]
+| list = Landmarks of Rome
+| curr = Basilica of Maxentius
+| next = [[Basilica of Neptune]]
+}}
+<!--"Basilica of Neptune" as the next landmark and "Basilica of Junius Bassus" as the previous one are taken from the navbox "Landmarks of Rome" that is placed below. A navbox is invisible in mobile view. The addition enables mobile users to click at least the next landmark or the previous one. -->
+{{Monuments of Rome}}
 {{Roman Forum}}
 {{1960 Summer Olympic venues}}
 {{Olympic venues wrestling}}
-{{Monuments of Rome}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Basilica Of Maxentius}}
 [[Category:312]]
 [[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 4th century]]
-[[Category:Ancient Roman architecture]]
 [[Category:Ancient basilicas in Rome|Maxentius]]
 [[Category:Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics]]

v t e Roman Forum
Temples	Temple of Antoninus and Faustina Temple of Divus Augustus Temple of Concord Temple of Castor and Pollux (Lacus Juturnae) Temple of Caesar Temple of Janus Temple of Jupiter Stator (8th century BC) Temple of Romulus Temple of Saturn (Altar of Saturn) Shrine of Venus Cloacina Temple of Venus and Roma Temple of Vespasian and Titus Temple of Vesta (House of the Vestals) Portico Dii Consentes
Basilicas	Basilica Aemilia (Basilica Fulvia) Basilica Julia (Basilica Sempronia) Basilica of Maxentius (Colossus of Constantine) Basilica Opimia Basilica Porcia
Arches	Arch of Augustus Arch of Tiberius Arch of Titus Arch of Septimius Severus Arch of Constantine
Columns	Columna Maenia Column of Phocas Five-Columns Monument
Streets	Milliarium Aureum Clivus Capitolinus Via Sacra Vicus Jugarius Vicus Tuscus
Other	Cloaca Maxima Comitium (Ficus Ruminalis Curia Curia Cornelia Curia Hostilia Curia Julia Gemonian stairs Graecostasis Lacus Curtius Lapis Niger Mamertine Prison Plutei of Trajan Puteal Scribonianum Regia Rostra Tabularium Umbilicus urbis Romae Velian Hill Vulcanal
List of monuments of the Roman Forum

v t e Olympic venues in wrestling
19th century	1896: Panathenaic Stadium
20th century	1904: Francis Field 1908: White City Stadium 1912: Stockholm Olympic Stadium 1920: Antwerp Zoo 1924: Vélodrome d'hiver 1928: Krachtsportgebouw 1932: Olympic Auditorium 1936: Deutschlandhalle 1948: Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Harringay Arena 1952: Messuhalli 1956: Royal Exhibition Building 1960: Basilica of Maxentius 1964: Komazawa Gymnasium 1968: Insurgentes Ice Rink 1972: Messegelände, Judo- und Ringerhalle 1976: Centre Pierre Charbonneau, Maurice Richard Arena 1980: CSKA Athletics Fieldhouse 1984: Anaheim Convention Center 1988: Sangmu Gymnasium 1992: Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya 1996: Georgia World Congress Center
21st century	2000: Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre 2004: Ano Liosia Olympic Hall 2008: China Agricultural University Gymnasium 2012: ExCeL 2016: Carioca Arena 2 2020: Makuhari Messe 2024: Champ de Mars Arena 2028: Los Angeles Convention Center 2032: Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Deutschland Vatikan
Geographic	Structurae