Exercise mimetic: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Multiple tissues and organ systems are affected by exercise, initiating diverse homeostatic responses.jpg|thumb|Various exercise mimetics and their effects on pathways also affected by exercise<ref name=Hawley>{{cite journal |last1=Hawley |first1=John A. |last2=Joyner |first2=Michael J. |last3=Green |first3=Daniel J. |title=Mimicking exercise: what matters most and where to next? |journal=The Journal of Physiology |date=February 2021 |volume=599 |issue=3 |pages=791–802 |doi=10.1113/JP278761 | |
[[File:Multiple tissues and organ systems are affected by exercise, initiating diverse homeostatic responses.jpg|thumb|Various exercise mimetics and their effects on pathways also affected by exercise<ref name=Hawley>{{cite journal |last1=Hawley |first1=John A. |last2=Joyner |first2=Michael J. |last3=Green |first3=Daniel J. |title=Mimicking exercise: what matters most and where to next? |journal=The Journal of Physiology |date=February 2021 |volume=599 |issue=3 |pages=791–802 |doi=10.1113/JP278761 |pmid=31749163 |language=en |issn=0022-3751|doi-access=free |pmc=7891316 }}</ref>|upright=1.6]] |
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An '''exercise mimetic''' is a drug that mimics some of the biological effects of physical exercise. Exercise is known to have an effect in preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of a variety of serious illnesses, including [[cancer]], [[type 2 diabetes]], [[cardiovascular disease]], and psychiatric and neurological diseases such as [[Alzheimer's disease]]. As of 2021, no drug is known to have the same benefits.<ref name=Jang/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Febbraio |first1=Mark A. |title=Health benefits of exercise — more than meets the eye! |journal=Nature Reviews Endocrinology |date=February 2017 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=72–74 |doi=10.1038/nrendo.2016.218 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2016.218 |language=en |issn=1759-5037}}</ref><ref name=Hawley/> |
An '''exercise mimetic''' is a drug that mimics some of the biological effects of physical exercise. Exercise is known to have an effect in preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of a variety of serious illnesses, including [[cancer]], [[type 2 diabetes]], [[cardiovascular disease]], and psychiatric and neurological diseases such as [[Alzheimer's disease]]. As of 2021, no drug is known to have the same benefits.<ref name=Jang/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Febbraio |first1=Mark A. |title=Health benefits of exercise — more than meets the eye! |journal=Nature Reviews Endocrinology |date=February 2017 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=72–74 |doi=10.1038/nrendo.2016.218 |pmid=28051119 |s2cid=5824789 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2016.218 |language=en |issn=1759-5037}}</ref><ref name=Hawley/> |
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Known biological targets affected by exercise have also been targets of [[drug discovery]], with limited results. These known targets include:<ref name=Jang/> |
Known biological targets affected by exercise have also been targets of [[drug discovery]], with limited results. These known targets include:<ref name=Jang/> |
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|[[peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta]]||[[GW501516]]<ref name=Jang/> |
|[[peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta]]||[[GW501516]]<ref name=Jang/> |
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| [[PPARGC1A|PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha]]<ref name=Cento>{{cite journal |last1=Cento |first1=Alessia S. |last2=Leigheb |first2=Massimiliano |last3=Caretti |first3=Giuseppina |last4=Penna |first4=Fabio |title=Exercise and Exercise Mimetics for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders |journal=Current Osteoporosis Reports |date=October 2022 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=249–259 |doi=10.1007/s11914-022-00739-6|doi-access=free }}</ref> || |
| [[PPARGC1A|PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha]]<ref name=Cento>{{cite journal |last1=Cento |first1=Alessia S. |last2=Leigheb |first2=Massimiliano |last3=Caretti |first3=Giuseppina |last4=Penna |first4=Fabio |title=Exercise and Exercise Mimetics for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders |journal=Current Osteoporosis Reports |date=October 2022 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=249–259 |doi=10.1007/s11914-022-00739-6|pmid=35881303 |doi-access=free |hdl=2434/936387 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> || |
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|[[estrogen-related receptor γ]] || [[GSK4716]]<ref name=Jang>{{cite journal |last1=Jang |first1=Young Jin |last2=Byun |first2=Sanguine |title=Molecular targets of exercise mimetics and their natural activators |journal=BMB Reports |date=31 December 2021 |volume=54 |issue=12 |pages=581–591 |doi=10.5483/BMBRep.2021.54.12.151 | |
|[[estrogen-related receptor γ]] || [[GSK4716]]<ref name=Jang>{{cite journal |last1=Jang |first1=Young Jin |last2=Byun |first2=Sanguine |title=Molecular targets of exercise mimetics and their natural activators |journal=BMB Reports |date=31 December 2021 |volume=54 |issue=12 |pages=581–591 |doi=10.5483/BMBRep.2021.54.12.151 |pmid=34814977 |pmc=8728540 |issn=1976-6696|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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| [[NFE2L2]]<ref name=Cento/> || |
| [[NFE2L2]]<ref name=Cento/> || |
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| Canonical [[transient receptor potential]] (TRPC) proteins<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Numaga-Tomita |first1=Takuro |last2=Oda |first2=Sayaka |last3=Nishiyama |first3=Kazuhiro |last4=Tanaka |first4=Tomohiro |last5=Nishimura |first5=Akiyuki |last6=Nishida |first6=Motohiro |title=TRPC channels in exercise-mimetic therapy |journal=Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology |date=March 2019 |volume=471 |issue=3 |pages=507–517 |doi=10.1007/s00424-018-2211-3|doi-access=free }}</ref> || |
| Canonical [[transient receptor potential]] (TRPC) proteins<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Numaga-Tomita |first1=Takuro |last2=Oda |first2=Sayaka |last3=Nishiyama |first3=Kazuhiro |last4=Tanaka |first4=Tomohiro |last5=Nishimura |first5=Akiyuki |last6=Nishida |first6=Motohiro |title=TRPC channels in exercise-mimetic therapy |journal=Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology |date=March 2019 |volume=471 |issue=3 |pages=507–517 |doi=10.1007/s00424-018-2211-3|pmid=30298191 |pmc=6515694 |doi-access=free }}</ref> || |
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| [[Myostatin]] || [[myostatin inhibitors]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=David L. |last2=Hittel |first2=Dustin S. |last3=McPherron |first3=Alexandra C. |title=Expression and Function of Myostatin in Obesity, Diabetes, and Exercise Adaptation |journal=Medicine and |
| [[Myostatin]] || [[myostatin inhibitors]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=David L. |last2=Hittel |first2=Dustin S. |last3=McPherron |first3=Alexandra C. |title=Expression and Function of Myostatin in Obesity, Diabetes, and Exercise Adaptation |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |date=October 2011 |volume=43 |issue=10 |pages=1828–1835 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182178bb4 |pmid=21364474 |pmc=3192366 |issn=0195-9131|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 20:53, 2 January 2024
An exercise mimetic is a drug that mimics some of the biological effects of physical exercise. Exercise is known to have an effect in preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of a variety of serious illnesses, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychiatric and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. As of 2021, no drug is known to have the same benefits.[2][3][1]
Known biological targets affected by exercise have also been targets of drug discovery, with limited results. These known targets include:[2]
The majority of the effect of exercise in reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality cannot be explained via improvements in quantifiable risk factors, such as blood cholesterol. This further increases the challenge of developing an effective exercise mimetic.[1] Moreover, even if a broad spectrum exercise mimetic were invented, it is not necessarily the case that its public health effects would be superior to interventions to increase exercise in the population.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Hawley, John A.; Joyner, Michael J.; Green, Daniel J. (February 2021). "Mimicking exercise: what matters most and where to next?". The Journal of Physiology. 599 (3): 791–802. doi:10.1113/JP278761. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 7891316. PMID 31749163.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Jang, Young Jin; Byun, Sanguine (31 December 2021). "Molecular targets of exercise mimetics and their natural activators". BMB Reports. 54 (12): 581–591. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2021.54.12.151. ISSN 1976-6696. PMC 8728540. PMID 34814977.
- ^ Febbraio, Mark A. (February 2017). "Health benefits of exercise — more than meets the eye!". Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 13 (2): 72–74. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.218. ISSN 1759-5037. PMID 28051119. S2CID 5824789.
- ^ a b Cento, Alessia S.; Leigheb, Massimiliano; Caretti, Giuseppina; Penna, Fabio (October 2022). "Exercise and Exercise Mimetics for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders". Current Osteoporosis Reports. 20 (5): 249–259. doi:10.1007/s11914-022-00739-6. hdl:2434/936387. PMID 35881303.
- ^ Numaga-Tomita, Takuro; Oda, Sayaka; Nishiyama, Kazuhiro; Tanaka, Tomohiro; Nishimura, Akiyuki; Nishida, Motohiro (March 2019). "TRPC channels in exercise-mimetic therapy". Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology. 471 (3): 507–517. doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2211-3. PMC 6515694. PMID 30298191.
- ^ Allen, David L.; Hittel, Dustin S.; McPherron, Alexandra C. (October 2011). "Expression and Function of Myostatin in Obesity, Diabetes, and Exercise Adaptation". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 43 (10): 1828–1835. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182178bb4. ISSN 0195-9131. PMC 3192366. PMID 21364474.