Bohunician: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox archaeological culture |
{{Infobox archaeological culture |
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|name = Bohunician culture |
|name = Bohunician culture |
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|extra = |
|extra = |
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|precededby = [[Emiran]] |
|precededby = [[Emiran]] |
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|followedby = [[Ahmarian]], [[Levantine Aurignacian]], [[Châtelperronian]] |
|followedby = [[Ahmarian]], [[Levantine Aurignacian]], [[Châtelperronian]], [[Szeletian]] |
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|definedby = |
|definedby = |
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}} |
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{{Paleolithic|upper}} |
{{Paleolithic|upper}} |
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'''Bohunician''' industry was a [[paleolithic]] [[archeological industry]] in South-Central and |
'''Bohunician''' industry was a [[paleolithic]] [[archeological industry]] in South-Central and [[Eastern Europe]]. The artifacts assigned to this culture are dated between roughly 48,000 and 40,000 years ago. |
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They were found at the type site of [[Brno]]-Bohunice, [[Stránská skála]] ([[Moravia]]), [[Bacho Kiro cave|Bacho Kiro]] and Temnata Cave ([[Bulgaria]]), Dzierzyslaw ([[Poland]]), and others. |
They were found at the type site of [[Brno]]-Bohunice, [[Stránská skála]] ([[Moravia]]), [[Bacho Kiro cave|Bacho Kiro]] and Temnata Cave ([[Bulgaria]]), Dzierzyslaw ([[Poland]]), and others. |
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The Bohunician is "transitional" between the [[Mousterian]] and the [[Aurignacian]], and thus a candidate for representing the first wave of [[European early modern humans|anatomically modern humans in Europe]]. Its technology resembles the Mousterian [[Levallois technique]], as do the contemporary assemblages of the [[Szeletian]] (centered on the [[Bükk Mountains]] of Hungary but also present in southern Poland) and the [[Uluzzian]] (Italy). |
The Bohunician is "transitional" between the [[Mousterian]] and the [[Aurignacian]], and thus a candidate for representing the first wave of [[European early modern humans|anatomically modern humans in Europe]]. Its technology resembles the Mousterian [[Levallois technique]], as do the contemporary assemblages of the [[Szeletian]] (centered on the [[Bükk Mountains]] of Hungary but also present in southern Poland) and the [[Uluzzian]] (Italy). |
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<ref name=Hoffecker>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.0903446106| pmid=19571003| pmc=2752585| title=The spread of modern humans in Europe| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume=106| issue=38| pages=16040–16045| year=2009| last1=Hoffecker| first1=J. F.}}</ref> |
<ref name=Hoffecker>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.0903446106| pmid=19571003| pmc=2752585| title=The spread of modern humans in Europe| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume=106| issue=38| pages=16040–16045| year=2009| last1=Hoffecker| first1=J. F.| doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to [[Emiran]] and [[Ahmarian]] ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them.<ref name=Hoffecker/> |
Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to [[Emiran]] and [[Ahmarian]] ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them.<ref name=Hoffecker/> |
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<ref name="Hublin2014">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011|title=The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
<ref name="Hublin2014">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011|title=The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?|year=2015|doi-access=free|last1=Hublin|first1=Jean-Jacques|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=118|pages=194–210|bibcode=2015QSRv..118..194H|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0024-11F6-F|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
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For this reason, it is thought likely that the Bohunician indicates the presence of [[anatomically modern humans]], but this has not been corrobated by the discovery of any associated human remains.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.1412201111| pmid=25246543| pmc=4209988| title=Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume=111| issue=40| pages=14394–14399| year=2014| last1=Nigst| first1=Philip R.| last2=Haesaerts| first2=Paul| last3=Damblon| first3=Freddy| last4=Frank-Fellner| first4=Christa| last5=Mallol| first5=Carolina|author-link5=Carolina Mallol| last6=Viola| first6=Bence| last7=Götzinger| first7=Michael| last8=Niven| first8=Laura| last9=Trnka| first9=Gerhard| last10=Hublin| first10=Jean-Jacques}}</ref> |
For this reason, it is thought likely that the Bohunician indicates the presence of [[anatomically modern humans]], but this has not been corrobated by the discovery of any associated human remains.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.1412201111| pmid=25246543| pmc=4209988| title=Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume=111| issue=40| pages=14394–14399| year=2014| last1=Nigst| first1=Philip R.| last2=Haesaerts| first2=Paul| last3=Damblon| first3=Freddy| last4=Frank-Fellner| first4=Christa| last5=Mallol| first5=Carolina|author-link5=Carolina Mallol| last6=Viola| first6=Bence| last7=Götzinger| first7=Michael| last8=Niven| first8=Laura| last9=Trnka| first9=Gerhard| last10=Hublin| first10=Jean-Jacques| bibcode=2014PNAS..11114394N| doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Industries (archaeology)]] |
[[Category:Industries (archaeology)]] |
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[[Category:Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe]] |
[[Category:Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe]] |
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[[Category:Archaeology |
[[Category:Archaeology in Europe]] |
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[[Category:Peopling of Europe]] |
[[Category:Peopling of Europe]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Archaeological cultures in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Early European modern humans]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:13, 5 January 2024
  Bohunician culture Map showing the approximate location of the Bohunician culture | |
| Geographical range | Europe |
|---|---|
| Period | Upper Paleolithic |
| Dates | c. 48,000–40,000 BP |
| Preceded by | Emiran |
| Followed by | Ahmarian, Levantine Aurignacian, Châtelperronian, Szeletian |
| The Paleolithic |
|---|
| ↑ Pliocene (before Homo) |
| ↓ Mesolithic |
Bohunician industry was a paleolithic archeological industry in South-Central and Eastern Europe. The artifacts assigned to this culture are dated between roughly 48,000 and 40,000 years ago. They were found at the type site of Brno-Bohunice, Stránská skála (Moravia), Bacho Kiro and Temnata Cave (Bulgaria), Dzierzyslaw (Poland), and others.
The Bohunician is "transitional" between the Mousterian and the Aurignacian, and thus a candidate for representing the first wave of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Its technology resembles the Mousterian Levallois technique, as do the contemporary assemblages of the Szeletian (centered on the Bükk Mountains of Hungary but also present in southern Poland) and the Uluzzian (Italy). [1]
Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to Emiran and Ahmarian ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them.[1] [2] For this reason, it is thought likely that the Bohunician indicates the presence of anatomically modern humans, but this has not been corrobated by the discovery of any associated human remains.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Hoffecker, J. F. (2009). "The spread of modern humans in Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (38): 16040–16045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903446106. PMC 2752585. PMID 19571003.
- ^ Hublin, Jean-Jacques (2015). "The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 118: 194–210. Bibcode:2015QSRv..118..194H. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0024-11F6-F.
- ^ Nigst, Philip R.; Haesaerts, Paul; Damblon, Freddy; Frank-Fellner, Christa; Mallol, Carolina; Viola, Bence; Götzinger, Michael; Niven, Laura; Trnka, Gerhard; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (2014). "Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (40): 14394–14399. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114394N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1412201111. PMC 4209988. PMID 25246543.