Battles of La Güera and Tichla: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Battles fought between Mauritania and the Polisario Front during the Western Sahara War}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Battles of La Güera and Tichla |
| conflict = Battles of La Güera and Tichla |
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| date = 10–22 December 1975<br>({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=10|year1=1975|month2=12|day2=22|year2=1975}}) |
| date = 10–22 December 1975<br>({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=10|year1=1975|month2=12|day2=22|year2=1975}}) |
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| place = [[La Güera]] and [[Tichla]], [[Spanish Sahara]] |
| place = [[La Güera]] and [[Tichla]], [[Spanish Sahara]] |
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| territory = Occupation of La Güera and Tichla by Mauritania. |
| territory = [[Tiris al-Gharbiyya|Occupation]] of La Güera and Tichla by Mauritania. |
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| result = Mauritanian victory |
| result = Mauritanian victory |
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| combatant1 = {{flag|Mauritania|1959}}<br>{{flag|Morocco}} |
| combatant1 = {{flag|Mauritania|1959}}<br>{{flag|Morocco}} |
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The '''Battles of La Güera and Tichla''' took place between 10–22 December 1975, when the [[Mauritanian Army]] invaded the southern part of [[Western Sahara]], which was the zone agreed to be annexed by [[Mauritania]] in the [[Madrid Accords]]. Mauritanian troops were confronted by [[Polisario Front]] [[guerrillas]], forcing the [[Royal Moroccan Army]] to intervene on behalf of Mauritania. By the end of 1975, Mauritania controlled the southern half of the former Spanish colony of [[Río de Oro]]. |
The '''Battles of La Güera and Tichla''' took place between 10–22 December 1975, when the [[Mauritanian Army]] invaded the southern part of [[Western Sahara]], which was the zone agreed to be annexed by [[Mauritania]] in the [[Madrid Accords]]. Mauritanian troops were confronted by [[Polisario Front]] [[guerrillas]], forcing the [[Royal Moroccan Army]] to intervene on behalf of Mauritania. By the end of 1975, Mauritania controlled the southern half of the former Spanish colony of [[Río de Oro]]. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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By 6 November 1975, the Spanish government had evacuated the Spanish civilian population from [[La Güera]] during a 48-hour operation, part of the broader "Operation Swallow". Nineteen corpses from the La Güera cemetery were exhumed and embarked on the ''Ciudad de Huesca'' boat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Las Palmas: En La Güera y Villa Cisneros no queda ya ningún español|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1975/11/07/pagina-10/34220149/pdf.html|work=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=7 November 1975|accessdate=20 August 2012}} {{in lang|es}}</ref> A few hours later, [[POLISARIO]] flags waved on the main buildings of La Güera, after dozens of [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]] [[guerrilla]] fighters captured it and set up their own administration,<ref>{{cite news|title=Malestar e incertidumbre entre los españoles del Sáhara|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1975/12/06/033.html|work=ABC|date=6 December 1975|accessdate=24 August 2012}} {{in lang|es}}</ref> and the town became cut off from air, sea and land. |
By 6 November 1975, the Spanish government had evacuated the Spanish civilian population from [[La Güera]] during a 48-hour operation, part of the broader "Operation Swallow". Nineteen corpses from the La Güera cemetery were exhumed and embarked on the ''Ciudad de Huesca'' boat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Las Palmas: En La Güera y Villa Cisneros no queda ya ningún español|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1975/11/07/pagina-10/34220149/pdf.html|work=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=7 November 1975|accessdate=20 August 2012}} {{in lang|es}}</ref> A few hours later, [[POLISARIO]] flags waved on the main buildings of La Güera, after dozens of [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]] [[guerrilla]] fighters captured it and set up their own administration,<ref>{{cite news|title=Malestar e incertidumbre entre los españoles del Sáhara|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1975/12/06/033.html|work=ABC|date=6 December 1975|accessdate=24 August 2012}} {{in lang|es}}</ref> and the town became cut off from air, sea and land. |
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== Battles == |
== Battles == |
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On December 20, 1975, the Mauritanian advance began, which at that time had a small army of just 2,000 troops, for which material support was requested from Morocco as well as from France. The occupation of La Güera was carried out by troops that came from [[Nouadhibou]], as well as [[Nouakchott]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=[[Africa Today]], Vol. 24–25 |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1977 |pages=50}}</ref> The Saharawi troops began to fire, and the Mauritanian troops fell back in disorder. Due to the severity of the situation, Colonel Mohamed Ould Bah Ould Abdelkader was appointed as the person in charge of taking over the town. The Saharawi troops, made up of a hundred soldiers, under the command of Buzeid Uld Hmayen, were in a critical and desperate situation since they were isolated by land, sea and air with no possibility of retreat.<ref name=ecs>{{Cite news |title=La batalla de La Güera. Hasta el último hombre |url=https://www.ecsaharaui.com/2020/02/la-batalla-de-la-guera-hasta-el-ultimo.html |date=2020-02-17 |work=ECSaharaui}}</ref> |
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The Sahrawi troops attempted to delay the Mauritanian advance as much as possible by holding out in the buildings of the Territorial Police Headquarters from where they repelled the continuous Mauritanian attempts to take the place since they were repelled by a rain of light weapons projectiles. The fighting lasted about ten days and the Saharawis fought hard until the few survivors finally surrendered, since it is estimated that some 80 of the hundred Saharawi soldiers died, including their commander, Ould Hmayen. The surviving soldiers received undignified treatment by the Mauritanian authorities. The victory was short-lived as the Saharawis defeated them in 1978.<ref name=ecs/> |
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[[Tichla]] fell to Mauritanian troops on 20 December, while the town of [[El Argoub]], near [[Villa Cisneros]], was captured on January 11, 1976, after having been besieged for two weeks.<ref name=janos>{{Cite book |title=Western Sahara |last=János |first=Besenyő |publisher=Besenyő János |year=2009 |isbn=978-9638833204}}</ref> |
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==Aftermath== |
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The few surviving Sahrawi soldiers from El Argoub were first relocated to the border between the Sahara and Mauritania, being then supplied and evacuated with the assistance of the [[Algerian Army]] to [[Algeria]]. Tensions between Moroccan and Mauritanian troops arose in the aftermath of the battle, eventually leading to armed confrontations between both parties, beginning with the [[First Battle of Amgala]] in 1976.<ref name=janos/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:1975 in Spanish Sahara]] |
[[Category:1975 in Spanish Sahara]] |
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[[Category:Battles involving Morocco|La Guera and Tichla (1975)]] |
[[Category:Battles involving Morocco|La Guera and Tichla (1975)]] |
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[[Category:1975 in Mauritania]] |
[[Category:1975 in Mauritania]] |
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[[Category:December 1975 events in Africa]] |
[[Category:December 1975 events in Africa]] |
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[[Category:Battles involving Polisario Front]] |
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[[Category:Battles in 1975]] |
Latest revision as of 18:30, 5 January 2024
Battles of La Güera and Tichla | |||||||||
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Part of the Western Sahara War | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Strength | |||||||||
![]() ![]() | 100–800 | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
20 killed 36 wounded (Mauritanian-Moroccan claim)[1][2] |
96 killed 103 captured (Mauritanian-Moroccan claim)[2] | ||||||||
200 killed[3] |
The Battles of La Güera and Tichla took place between 10–22 December 1975, when the Mauritanian Army invaded the southern part of Western Sahara, which was the zone agreed to be annexed by Mauritania in the Madrid Accords. Mauritanian troops were confronted by Polisario Front guerrillas, forcing the Royal Moroccan Army to intervene on behalf of Mauritania. By the end of 1975, Mauritania controlled the southern half of the former Spanish colony of Río de Oro.
Background
[edit]By 6 November 1975, the Spanish government had evacuated the Spanish civilian population from La Güera during a 48-hour operation, part of the broader "Operation Swallow". Nineteen corpses from the La Güera cemetery were exhumed and embarked on the Ciudad de Huesca boat.[4] A few hours later, POLISARIO flags waved on the main buildings of La Güera, after dozens of Sahrawi guerrilla fighters captured it and set up their own administration,[5] and the town became cut off from air, sea and land.
Battles
[edit]On December 20, 1975, the Mauritanian advance began, which at that time had a small army of just 2,000 troops, for which material support was requested from Morocco as well as from France. The occupation of La Güera was carried out by troops that came from Nouadhibou, as well as Nouakchott.[6] The Saharawi troops began to fire, and the Mauritanian troops fell back in disorder. Due to the severity of the situation, Colonel Mohamed Ould Bah Ould Abdelkader was appointed as the person in charge of taking over the town. The Saharawi troops, made up of a hundred soldiers, under the command of Buzeid Uld Hmayen, were in a critical and desperate situation since they were isolated by land, sea and air with no possibility of retreat.[7]
The Sahrawi troops attempted to delay the Mauritanian advance as much as possible by holding out in the buildings of the Territorial Police Headquarters from where they repelled the continuous Mauritanian attempts to take the place since they were repelled by a rain of light weapons projectiles. The fighting lasted about ten days and the Saharawis fought hard until the few survivors finally surrendered, since it is estimated that some 80 of the hundred Saharawi soldiers died, including their commander, Ould Hmayen. The surviving soldiers received undignified treatment by the Mauritanian authorities. The victory was short-lived as the Saharawis defeated them in 1978.[7]
Tichla fell to Mauritanian troops on 20 December, while the town of El Argoub, near Villa Cisneros, was captured on January 11, 1976, after having been besieged for two weeks.[8]
Aftermath
[edit]The few surviving Sahrawi soldiers from El Argoub were first relocated to the border between the Sahara and Mauritania, being then supplied and evacuated with the assistance of the Algerian Army to Algeria. Tensions between Moroccan and Mauritanian troops arose in the aftermath of the battle, eventually leading to armed confrontations between both parties, beginning with the First Battle of Amgala in 1976.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Many die in Sahara fighting". Pasadena Star-News. Associated Press. 26 December 1975. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Golpe fallido del POLISARIO para apoderarse de combustible". ABC. 30 December 1975. Retrieved 19 August 2012.(in Spanish)
- ^ Guijarro, Fernando (1997). La distancia de cuatro dedos – En la guerra del Sáhara con el POLISARIO. Barcelona: Ediciones Flor del Viento / Colección De los Cuatro Vientos vol. 14. p. 388. ISBN 978-84-8964409-0.
- ^ "Las Palmas: En La Güera y Villa Cisneros no queda ya ningún español". La Vanguardia. 7 November 1975. Retrieved 20 August 2012. (in Spanish)
- ^ "Malestar e incertidumbre entre los españoles del Sáhara". ABC. 6 December 1975. Retrieved 24 August 2012. (in Spanish)
- ^ Africa Today, Vol. 24–25. Indiana University Press. 1977. p. 50.
- ^ a b "La batalla de La Güera. Hasta el último hombre". ECSaharaui. 17 February 2020.
- ^ a b János, Besenyő (2009). Western Sahara. Besenyő János. ISBN 978-9638833204.