John Guildford: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|16th-century English politician}} |
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'''Sir John Guildford''' (by 1508–1565) was an English Member of Parliament for Gatton, New Romney and Kent and was appointed [[High Sheriff of Kent|Sheriff of Kent]] in 1552.<ref>http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/JohnGuildford.htm{{Verify credibility|certain=y|self published website; and Jorge H. Castelli is not an expert|date=January 2015}}; original [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u_eIrJpc_T0C&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=%22John+Guildford%22+Gatton&source=bl&ots=DnHnjtJBT4&sig=SN7jzu0nMXvHNMXqf2-W5K4ERJk&hl=en&ei=ZLhNTeHwB46AhQet27CoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22John%20Guildford%22%20Gatton&f=false at Google Books].</ref> |
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{{about||the Comptroller of the Household to Edward IV|John Guildford (died 1493)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} |
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{{Use British English|date=July 2017}} |
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'''Sir John Guildford, [[Justice of the peace|JP]]''' (by 1508 – 1565), of [[Hemsted Park|Hemsted]] in [[Benenden]], also written '''Guilford''', was an English landowner, administrator and politician.<ref name = HoP>{{citation|first = Helen |last = Miller |article = Guildford, John (by 1508-65), of Hemsted, Kent |title = The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-1558 |editor = S.T. Bindoff |year = 1982 |url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/guildford-john-1508-65 |access-date = 21 December 2017}}</ref> |
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==Origins== |
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⚫ | Born by 1508, he was the only son of George Guildford (died by 1537), of Hemsted, who was the second son of Sir [[Richard Guildford]] and his first wife Anne, daughter of John Pympe, of [[Nettlestead, Kent|Nettlestead]]. His mother was Elizabeth, only daughter and heiress of Robert Mortimer (died 1485 at [[Battle of Bosworth Field|Bosworth]]), of [[Thorpe-le-Soken]], and his wife Isabel, daughter of [[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk]].<ref name = HoP/> He had two sisters: Mary, who married Sir Owen West (died 1551), and Anne, who married first Walter Woodland and secondly Richard Lynne.{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|pp=4, 313}} |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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In 1529, in his early 20s, was elected MP for [[Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)|Gatton]], a seat controlled by Sir Roger Copley, who was not only his stepmother's brother but also his wife's uncle.<ref>His stepmother, Dorothy, was a sister of Sir Roger, as was his wife's mother Eleanor.</ref> His own uncles, Sir [[Edward Guildford]] and Sir [[Henry Guildford]], were the [[knights of the shire]] for [[Kent (UK Parliament constituency)|Kent]]. He may have sat for Gatton in later Parliaments, but the records are lost.<ref name = HoP/> |
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Once the parliamentary sessions were over, in 1530 he enrolled at [[Gray's Inn]] to study law. When his uncle Edward died in 1534 without leaving a written will, John claimed that by last wishes spoken at the deathbed he was heir to the manor of [[High Halden|Halden]] and other lands in Kent and Sussex. As this was disputed by Edward's only surviving child [[Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane]] and her husband, then known as Sir [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|John Dudley]], in the end he was unable to secure the estates, though the episode had an aftermath many years later.<ref name = HoP/><ref>{{Cite ODNB |last=Loades |first=David |id=8156 |title=Dudley, John}}</ref><ref>{{Cite ODNB |last=Lehmberg |first=Stanford |id=70790 |title=Guildford, Edward}}</ref> |
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Guildford was elected MP for [[Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)|Gatton]] in 1529, [[knight of the shire]] for [[Kent (UK Parliament constituency)|Kent]] in 1542 and MP for [[New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)|New Romney]] in Oct 1553.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/guildford-john-1508-65 |title=History of Parliament |publisher=History of Parliament Trust |accessdate=2011-11-30}}</ref> He was knighted in 1542. |
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In 1534 he was appointed bailiff of [[Winchelsea]], holding the post for life, and about 1537 inherited his father's property. As a landowner, he was made a [[justice of the peace]] for Kent and, in 1542, he was knighted, sitting that year in [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] as knight of the shire for Kent and thereafter sitting on various commissions involving the county.<ref name = HoP/> |
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He became involved in a dispute over the inheritance of his uncle [[Edward Guildford]]'s lands, his adversary in the legal process being Edward's son-in-law [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB |last=Loades |first=David |id=8156 |title=Dudley, John}}</ref> Dudley acted on behalf of his wife [[Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane]]. Dudley claimed the manor of [[Halden]] in Sussex, and other lands in [[Kent]] and [[Sussex]], despite John Guildford's assertion that his uncle had intended him to inherit; Edward Guildford had left no will.<ref>{{Cite ODNB |last=Lehmberg |first=Stanford |id=70790 |title=Guildford, Edward}}</ref> Five years later Dudley sold the manor with others to [[Thomas Cromwell]]. |
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By 1546 he had been named as chamberlain of the household of [[Anne of Cleves]], the discarded wife of King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], and on the death of the King had to negotiate with the [[Privy Council]] on her behalf. While he secured continuing payment for her staff, she was however required to vacate [[Bletchingley]] and move to [[Penshurst Place]], where he was still looking after her interests in 1550.<ref name = HoP/> |
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==Marriages and issue== |
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Guildford married firstly, before 1534, Barbara West, the daughter of [[Thomas West, 8th Baron de la Warr]], by his third wife, Eleanor Copley, daughter of Roger Copley, esquire, by whom he had six sons, including Sir Thomas, George, Henry and James, and six daughters, including Dorothy Guildford (d.1584), who married [[Thomas Walsingham (c. 1526–1584)|Thomas Walsingham]] and was the mother of [[Thomas Walsingham (literary patron)|Sir Thomas Walsingham]], patron of [[Christopher Marlowe]]; Mary Guildford, who married George Harlakenden, and Elizabeth Guildford, who married, as his second wife, William Cromer (d. 12 May 1598), [[High Sheriff of Kent|Sheriff of Kent]].{{sfn|Richardson I|2011|p=327}}{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=314}}{{sfn|Richardson IV|2011|pp=320-22}}<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/walsingham-thomas-1526-84 Walsingham, Thomas (c.1526-84), of Scadbury, Chislehurst, Kent, History of Parliament] Retrieved 10 September 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/cromer-william-1531-98 Cromer, William (c.1531-98), of Tunstall, near Sittingbourne, Kent, History of Parliament] Retrieved 10 September 2013.</ref> |
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In 1552 he was chosen as [[High Sheriff of Kent]] and again came to the attention of John Dudley, now Duke of Northumberland and effective ruler of England while King [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] was still a minor. Dudley gave him the lease of some of the lands the two had disputed nearly twenty years earlier and in July 1553, two days before the sickly young king's death, ordered him to raise a company of 30 men. Three days after the king's death, he was required to send at least two gentlemen from Kent to join Dudley's force backing the claim to the throne of his daughter-in-law [[Lady Jane Grey]].<ref name = HoP/> |
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⚫ | |||
It seems Guildford was not compromised by the failed coup, being reappointed to the bench under Queen [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] and in October 1553 he may have sat as MP for [[New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)|New Romney]], the records being unclear. When Queen [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] came to the throne in 1558, he was removed from the commission of the peace and took no further part in public life.<ref name = HoP/> |
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==Notes== |
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⚫ | |||
On 4 May 1560 he made his will, asking to be buried beside his first wife in the church of [[Benenden]] and leaving to his eldest son the mansion house and manor of Hemsted with its contents, including weapons and armour, while his younger sons had generous legacies and funds for their education. His executors were named as Sir [[Warham St Leger]] and the MP Sir John Mason.<ref name = HoP/> |
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He died on 5 July 1565, with his will being proved six days later.<ref name = HoP/> |
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==Family== |
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Before 1534 he married Barbara (died by 1550),<ref name = HoP/> the daughter of [[Thomas West, 8th Baron de la Warr]], and his third wife Eleanor, daughter of Sir Roger Copley. Among their twelve children were:{{sfn|Richardson I|2011|p=327}}{{sfn|Richardson II|2011|p=314}}{{sfn|Richardson IV|2011|pp=320-22}} |
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:[[Thomas Guildford|Sir Thomas]] (died 1575), MP for Gatton in 1552, who married Elizabeth, daughter of his stepmother Mary and her first husband John Shelley.<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/guildford-thomas-1535-75 History of Parliament] Retrieved 20 December 2017.</ref> |
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:Dorothy (died 1584), who married Sir [[Thomas Walsingham (c. 1526–1584)|Thomas Walsingham]] (died 1584) and was the mother of Sir [[Thomas Walsingham (literary patron)|Thomas Walsingham]], patron of [[Christopher Marlowe]].<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/walsingham-thomas-1526-84 Walsingham, Thomas (c.1526-84), of Scadbury, Chislehurst, Kent, History of Parliament] Retrieved 10 September 2013.</ref> |
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:Jane, who married Robert Cranmer (died 1619), of Chepsted in [[Chevening, Kent|Chevening]], and was mother of Anne, who was first wife of the MP Sir [[Arthur Harris (MP)|Arthur Harris]]. |
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:Elizabeth, who married as his second wife the MP [[William Cromer (died 1598)]], of [[Tunstall, Kent]], a [[High Sheriff of Kent|Sheriff of Kent]].<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/cromer-william-1531-98 Cromer, William (c.1531-98), of Tunstall, History of Parliament] Retrieved 10 September 2013.</ref> |
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:Mary, who married as his first wife George Harlakenden (died 1565), of Harlakenden in [[Woodchurch, Kent]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CBwIAAAAQAAJ The Topographer & Genealogist, page 232] Retrieved 21 December 2017.</ref> |
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:Anne (died 1580), who married first Walter Mayne (died 1572), of [[Biddenden]], and secondly the MP [[Levin Bufkin]], of Gore Court in [[Otham]]. |
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⚫ | |||
==References== |
==References== |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | *{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume= |
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*{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume= |
*{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume=I |page=327 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=RA1-PA313 |accessdate=10 September 2013 |ref={{sfnref |Richardson I |2011}} |isbn=978-1449966379 }} |
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*{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume= |
*{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume=II |pages=4, 313 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=RA1-PA313 |accessdate=10 September 2013 |ref={{sfnref |Richardson II |2011}} |isbn=978-1449966386 }} |
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⚫ | |||
{{authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Guildford, John |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Guilford, John |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British politician |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1508 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1565 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Guildford, John}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guildford, John}} |
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[[Category:1500s births]] |
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[[Category:1565 deaths]] |
[[Category:1565 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Members of Parliament for New Romney]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Bailiffs]] |
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[[Category:English justices of the peace]] |
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[[Category:High Sheriffs of Kent]] |
[[Category:High Sheriffs of Kent]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:English MPs 1529–1536]] |
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[[Category:English MPs |
[[Category:English MPs 1542–1544]] |
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[[Category:English MPs |
[[Category:English MPs 1553 (Mary I)]] |
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[[Category:English |
[[Category:English knights]] |
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[[Category:Knights Bachelor]] |
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[[Category:People from Benenden]] |
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[[Category:People from Winchelsea]] |
Revision as of 18:53, 11 January 2024
Sir John Guildford, JP (by 1508 – 1565), of Hemsted in Benenden, also written Guilford, was an English landowner, administrator and politician.[1]
Origins
Born by 1508, he was the only son of George Guildford (died by 1537), of Hemsted, who was the second son of Sir Richard Guildford and his first wife Anne, daughter of John Pympe, of Nettlestead. His mother was Elizabeth, only daughter and heiress of Robert Mortimer (died 1485 at Bosworth), of Thorpe-le-Soken, and his wife Isabel, daughter of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk.[1] He had two sisters: Mary, who married Sir Owen West (died 1551), and Anne, who married first Walter Woodland and secondly Richard Lynne.[2]
Leben
In 1529, in his early 20s, was elected MP for Gatton, a seat controlled by Sir Roger Copley, who was not only his stepmother's brother but also his wife's uncle.[3] His own uncles, Sir Edward Guildford and Sir Henry Guildford, were the knights of the shire for Kent. He may have sat for Gatton in later Parliaments, but the records are lost.[1]
Once the parliamentary sessions were over, in 1530 he enrolled at Gray's Inn to study law. When his uncle Edward died in 1534 without leaving a written will, John claimed that by last wishes spoken at the deathbed he was heir to the manor of Halden and other lands in Kent and Sussex. As this was disputed by Edward's only surviving child Jane and her husband, then known as Sir John Dudley, in the end he was unable to secure the estates, though the episode had an aftermath many years later.[1][4][5]
In 1534 he was appointed bailiff of Winchelsea, holding the post for life, and about 1537 inherited his father's property. As a landowner, he was made a justice of the peace for Kent and, in 1542, he was knighted, sitting that year in Parliament as knight of the shire for Kent and thereafter sitting on various commissions involving the county.[1]
By 1546 he had been named as chamberlain of the household of Anne of Cleves, the discarded wife of King Henry VIII, and on the death of the King had to negotiate with the Privy Council on her behalf. While he secured continuing payment for her staff, she was however required to vacate Bletchingley and move to Penshurst Place, where he was still looking after her interests in 1550.[1]
In 1552 he was chosen as High Sheriff of Kent and again came to the attention of John Dudley, now Duke of Northumberland and effective ruler of England while King Edward VI was still a minor. Dudley gave him the lease of some of the lands the two had disputed nearly twenty years earlier and in July 1553, two days before the sickly young king's death, ordered him to raise a company of 30 men. Three days after the king's death, he was required to send at least two gentlemen from Kent to join Dudley's force backing the claim to the throne of his daughter-in-law Lady Jane Grey.[1]
It seems Guildford was not compromised by the failed coup, being reappointed to the bench under Queen Mary I and in October 1553 he may have sat as MP for New Romney, the records being unclear. When Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, he was removed from the commission of the peace and took no further part in public life.[1]
On 4 May 1560 he made his will, asking to be buried beside his first wife in the church of Benenden and leaving to his eldest son the mansion house and manor of Hemsted with its contents, including weapons and armour, while his younger sons had generous legacies and funds for their education. His executors were named as Sir Warham St Leger and the MP Sir John Mason.[1]
He died on 5 July 1565, with his will being proved six days later.[1]
Family
Before 1534 he married Barbara (died by 1550),[1] the daughter of Thomas West, 8th Baron de la Warr, and his third wife Eleanor, daughter of Sir Roger Copley. Among their twelve children were:[6][7][8]
- Sir Thomas (died 1575), MP for Gatton in 1552, who married Elizabeth, daughter of his stepmother Mary and her first husband John Shelley.[9]
- Dorothy (died 1584), who married Sir Thomas Walsingham (died 1584) and was the mother of Sir Thomas Walsingham, patron of Christopher Marlowe.[10]
- Jane, who married Robert Cranmer (died 1619), of Chepsted in Chevening, and was mother of Anne, who was first wife of the MP Sir Arthur Harris.
- Elizabeth, who married as his second wife the MP William Cromer (died 1598), of Tunstall, Kent, a Sheriff of Kent.[11]
- Mary, who married as his first wife George Harlakenden (died 1565), of Harlakenden in Woodchurch, Kent.[12]
- Anne (died 1580), who married first Walter Mayne (died 1572), of Biddenden, and secondly the MP Levin Bufkin, of Gore Court in Otham.
After 1550, he married secondly Mary, widow of John Shelley (died 1550), of Michelgrove in Clapham, Sussex, and daughter of Sir William Fitzwilliam, of Milton Malsor in Northamptonshire.[1] They had a son Richard.[7]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Miller, Helen (1982), "Guildford, John (by 1508-65), of Hemsted, Kent", in S.T. Bindoff (ed.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-1558, retrieved 21 December 2017
- ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 4, 313.
- ^ His stepmother, Dorothy, was a sister of Sir Roger, as was his wife's mother Eleanor.
- ^ Loades, David. "Dudley, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8156. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Lehmberg, Stanford. "Guildford, Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70790. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 327.
- ^ a b Richardson II 2011, p. 314.
- ^ Richardson IV 2011, pp. 320–22.
- ^ History of Parliament Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ Walsingham, Thomas (c.1526-84), of Scadbury, Chislehurst, Kent, History of Parliament Retrieved 10 September 2013.
- ^ Cromer, William (c.1531-98), of Tunstall, History of Parliament Retrieved 10 September 2013.
- ^ The Topographer & Genealogist, page 232 Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. p. 327. ISBN 978-1449966379. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 4, 313. ISBN 978-1449966386. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 320–22. ISBN 978-1460992708.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)